There are various forms, subsets, and perspectives on knowledge. Intensively discusesed in the book is the concept or propositional knowledge, which is usually the answer when asked what knowledge is. The idea behind propositional knowledge is within knowing something is that way. For example, people make claims such as that George Washington was the first president of the United States in the late 1700s. This type of knowledge is separated from knowledge by acquaintance and knowing how. Knowledge by acquaintance comes from personal experiences or our senses. An example of such would be the knowledge of how chocolate tastes because you have tasted it before. As we can see by the title, which includes the word acquaintance, the knowledge derives …show more content…
The first component, truth, argues that although you can believe something, this alone does not
make it true. A fact with evidence must be stated for something to be accepted as knowledge
which can be learned. This raises the question about which standards are necessary for a
statement to be considered factual and/or true. There are three different sections of this questions
which attempt to answer it in different ways. The first, being the correspondence theory of truth,
argues that a statement is true if it goes along with reality. An example of such is that the table is
blue only if the table is really blue. The correspondence theory of truth appeals to the humanely
inclination to common sense, however does have a flaw. The question then becomes how do we
know that something is reality? In an instance that someone is color blind, they would not know
that the table is blue and therefore, this may not be true. The next theory is that of the
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There are religious doctrines which support and also deny both
presumptions but, as we know, both cannot be true. Likewise, they both cannot be false. The next
theory is that of the pragmatic theory of truth. This theory goes on to conjecture that truths are
not stagnant. However, they are true if they are useful. The simple version can be explained upon
by saying that God exists, which creates happiness and good behavior, so therefore it is true. This
is critiqued enormously because it defies the definition of truth, which involves reasoning and
logic.
The major arguments in favor of skepticism are the relativity of perception and the
problem of criterion. The relatively of perception is set to attack the notion that we are
knowledgeable about a subject if we have a complete sense of said subject. However, the issue
with the relativity of perception is exactly in the name. Perception of a subject or object is a
"Perception - Definition of Perception by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia." Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. Web. 08 Feb. 2011. .
According to the reading, Writing as a Mode of Learning by Janet Emig, knowledge is described as “an act of knowing that enters as a passionate contribution of the person to know what is being known, which is a coefficient that is no mere imperfection but a vital component of a person’s knowledge.” Essentially, knowledge is composed of what a person, association or discourse community knows about what is already known in their area of expertise or fully know what could occur in a certain situation, similar to how a rhetor must prepare and know what rhetorical situations might occur at any moment during their speech or writing. Knowledge is created to prepare for various outcomes and situations as goals are being constructed in a discourse community.
There is no concrete definition of knowledge, but there is a definition that is widely agreed upon, or a standard definition. This definition may be widely accepted, but just like most things in philosophy, it is controversial and many disagree with it. The definition involves three conditions that must be met in order for one to truly say that they know something to be true. If one were to state: “The Seattle Mariners have never won a world series,” using the standard definition would look like this: first, the person believes the statement to be true. Second, the statement is in fact true. Third, the person is justified in believing the statement to be true. The three conditions are belief, truth, and justification. There are the “necessary and sufficient conditions” for knowledge. Necessary and sufficient conditions are linked to conditional statements, ‘if x, then y’ statements.
Sense data are the empirical mind-dependent ingredients of perception. They are the colours, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures out of which all experience is built. The idea of sense data is the cornerstone of the theory of Representative Realism, which states that immediate objects of awareness are not physical objects, but are sense data. Sense data are the subjective mind-dependent intermediaries that give us all of our knowledge of the external world through a veil of perception, representing the real world. The theory of Representative Realism is similar to Direct Realism, in that there is an objective mind independent physical world; however, we only ever perceive it vie a subjective mind-dependent intermediary (called sense data).
Human beings’ belief systems don’t always work according to evidence. Belief is made up of
‘the act of knowing using mental processes such as imagining, remembering, understanding, generalising, finding reasons and causes, making inferences, decision making, forming preferences, desires and intentions, planning and learning’ (Doherty & Hughes, 2009:257)
Correspondence theory of truth determines a true statement by seeing how it relates and corresponds with the world
The foundation of valid knowledge depends on one’s personal understanding. To “know” means to understand or be aware. Everyone’s personal knowledge differs and the way we obtain and interpret our knowledge is usually through our spiritual beliefs. In order to gain knowledge I rely on the Word of God. The knowledge of God is the most valuable knowledge a human being can possess. The Word of God can be found in Scripture. Proverbs 2:6 tells us that the Lord gives us wisdom and that the wisdom of God results in knowledge and understanding. But it is also clear that simply being aware of God’s existence is not adequate; the knowledge of God must encompass the profound appreciation for Him and produce a loving and growing relationship with Him.
Knowledge is of two different kinds: what we know or where we can go find the information upon it. The face of knowing something is sometimes gained through experience. With knowledge or the thought that you know something there are many possible and equally definitions of knowledge. People saying that they know something is a justification that they believe it, but facts could be proven and shown that what they believe is not true. It shouldn’t have to be a good reason for anyone to say they know such things and believe in it. If you know something, you know something. No feedback to test my knowledge. We all don’t think or act the same so the knowledge is different upon each human.
...nt. Otherwise facts gained only have the potential to gain meaning, and many facts will turn out to be disconnected, never finding their place in a person’s experience. Facts grow naturally out of meaningful experience, but meaningful experience which leads to more facts do not necessarily flow from facts.
Many have tried to explain what these Theories mean and there has been a lot of Hype about it. Most do not understand what this is all about. So lets make a survey! The very interesting thing is that there are a lot of elements in these Theories which are important for our beliefs and thereby also our Faith!
to accept as false and only then start to rebuild is foundation of knowledge. To insure the
Some of the objections, such as the ones made by Edmund Gettier, claim that three conditions are not nearly enough to justify a true belief, and that at the very least a fourth must be added. Gettier presents a very valid criticism of the JTB theory of knowledge, and his counter examples highlight flaws in the JTB theory that make it an inadequate theory of knowledge. Gettier claims takes an issue with the third part of the JTB theory, which states that proposition P must be true. Gettier makes the interesting observation that person S may very well be justified in believing in proposition P even if P is false
We gain knowledge in through our ways of knowing which are mainly perception, reason and language. We use them to find knowledge because we justify our claims and beliefs by their use, thus, our evidences, because they get us closer to the truth. To accept something as knowledge, it must be considered true, one must believe it and there must be justification why the person knows it, therefore these ways of knowing aid in the process for our quest for knowledge. In conclusion, in order to obtain knowledge all of these three attributes have to be integrated in some type of way, and due to the changing nature of all three of them, knowledge is always changing and it is dynamic, leading to the fact that knowledge can be discarded. The questions b...
...evident of what a person sees as fact, and what they would observe. We see different theories of truth and how to find truth, but the one that is more commonly used by philosophers would be the correspondence theory, and ones who would not usually subscribe to the correspondence theory because of its complexity would sometimes follow the coherence theory.