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Essays on greek religion
Essays on greek religion
Ancient greek view of the gods
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Mankind is always searching for a purpose. Whether it maybe for means of survival, there is always the search to give meaning in one’s life. In most cases that is where religion comes to play. Some devote their life in service to their god, with the promise of a fulfilling life in addition to a promising afterlife. In other words searching for personal salvation. In the Greek culture, there is a plethora of gods and goddesses to which people turn to at some point in their life. How these gods and goddesses are depicted is very crucial in their society. From the array of stories and authors, each interpretation is all up to the individual and author. How the authors depict the gods is essential as well in some the gods are very much like humans …show more content…
Zeus is the all mighty being that has the sole power over the other gods. Much like how most of humanity has social classes, from royalty, to the working class, to the poor, or in some cases slaves. In a way, how Greek society was modeled after how the gods ran their own “society”. Amongst both, there was an apparent maintaining of the status quo much like how Aeschylus instituted in Prometheus Bound, “with the need for all to “learn of the chasm that lies between ruler and ruled” (Aeschylus 32). Then there is also the concept where anybody who fails to acknowledge the relationship between ruler and ruled, “Who arrogates this short period/Of lordship, fall most ignominiously and swiftly/To perdition” (34), much like what most societies do with prisoners. This illustrates the parallels with humanity and the divinities. The moral of this story was anyone who crossed someone of a higher power should be punished for his or her actions, to keep the power in order. Being with a status quo meant there is an upper class and lower class, with a power struggle. In the eyes of the gods, there was Zeus at the top with the other gods, such as Hermes and Hephaestus, beneath him; mankind is on the lowest spectrum. It was Prometheus’ sacrifice to humanity to “fre[e] mankind” (11), he noticed the hold Zeus had over humanity. Throughout the story Aeschylus sheds light on the issue with the hierarchy that had …show more content…
Some aspects of other belief systems are very similar. The story of Genesis, associated with Judo-Christian, corresponds to Prometheus Bound, with the Greek culture. Where there are parallels between each story, the apple from The Tree of Knowledge would be fire, Adam and Eve is humanity, and in a way the serpent is Prometheus. The whole story of Genesis was to tell the tale of how life was created. It was to be the origin point of all humanity, much like how Prometheus Bound was supposedly when mankind was finally to advance in life with Prometheus’ gift of fire. His actions of “g[iving] privileges to mortal Man.” (2) was condemned, but simultaneously it is giving the gods more power against humankind. This solidified how the gods believe that it is humanity’s obligation to serve under their gods; the gods created mankind’s world therefore they owe their lives to the gods. The parallels between the two beliefs represent how much divinities play a role in the fate of humanity, or where god can have control over their well-being. Focusing on Greek culture, there is a biased relationship. Aechylus states, “In worshipping the gods with/Pure offerings of bulls…” (18) Where the gods have the mentality that they have given mankind so much that they in return have the obligation to give back as well, through sacrifice. Humanity shall always be beneath the
The ancient Greeks practiced a religion that was in effect, a building block to many ensuing pagan religions. This religion revolved around their reverence to the gods. Essentially, the Greeks worshipped numerous gods, making their religion polytheistic. They believed that exercising the opportunity to choose between a wide array of gods to worship offered them a great sense of freedom that they treasured. After all, the Greeks were known for their intellectual distinction of which their means of worship played a huge part. Each city-state, or polis, thus had an affiliated god who protected and guided its residents. Within a given polis, the belief in common gods unified the people. Ultimately, the Greeks yearned for this unity and order in the universe, which is a characteristic that is not unlike that of people today. It might seem contradictory that they believed in many gods and sought organization at the same time, for larger numbers are inherently unstable. But, to the god-fearing Greeks, each god represented a different facet of life that together upheld an organized universe if each of these gods was properly appeased. To satisfy these gods, the Greeks participated in activities such as prayer and sacrifice and erected divine temples and centers for oracles in honor of specific gods. There is evidence of this institutionalization early on in the reign of the Olympian gods, thus forming the Olympian religion.
Throughout the world there are various cultures with varying religions and creation stories to explain the creation of the Earth and it’s inhabitants. Of these creation stories two with similar and also different characteristics is the Creation story in the book of Genesis which is a part of the 1st Testament in the Hebrew Bible and explains the creation of Earth and humans, and the Theogony which is the greek creation story that describes the origins of the Earth and the Greek Gods. Both the Theogony and the Creation in Genesis show nature as a blessing for humans but it can also affect them negatively, However the myths differ in the ways that the Earth and humans were created and how humans interact with the deities of the creation stories.
Greek Mythology played a monumental role in the structural development of ancient Greece, not only as a society, but as individuals. Surprisingly, their religion was not exactly one of originality. In fact, their religion was loosely based on earlier cultures’ religions. It bears many strikingly similar resemblances to some of the oldest recorded religions in history. Ancient Greek religion is a type of polytheism called “Monarchial Polytheism.” That is, they believe in several different gods and deities but there is a supreme ruler above all of them. In order to fully understand how similar the mythological systems of religions have been throughout the years, you must look back towards the earliest of recorded civilizations. Polytheism dates back to the Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian religions, around the 4th millennium BC and possibly before that.
In many ways, Greek gods are very much like human. They exhibit different emotions and act according to their own desires. According to Mike Webster from the Grand Valley State University, Greek gods “act capriciously, frivolously, and even immorally, that they are not particularly heroic, and that they lack the religious seriousness we might expect from a god”. These qualities that the Greek gods possess enable them to develop a deeper connection to the mortal world that gods from other religions usually do not and for the Greeks to relate to their gods more personally. In many myths, gods mingle in the world of mortals and interact directly with them. Zeus has many affairs with mortals; Athena fights with the mortals. In other texts, gods
Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound portrays a greek god detained by a superior for disobedience against the latter’s rule. On the other hand in Euripides’ Hippolytus portrays lust and vengeance of the gods and the extent that they can go to to avenge it.
The worship of gods was not just a practice for the Ancient Greeks it was a passion and they took it very seriously. Huge temples were built across the Peloponnesus and beyond that honored their respective gods in the Greek religion. Parades, sacrifices, banquets, and week long celebrations were held in honor of these gods that the Greeks based nearly their entire society off of. The Greeks would offer their lives, their family’s lives, all of their possessions to please the gods.
The fundamental reasons for the creation and worship of an anthropomorphic pantheon of gods were to be extremely relevant to the everyday people, account for complexities within humanity itself, and gave ancient Greeks an illusion of control.
Ancient Greek religion was a polytheistic religion that believed in many gods and goddesses. To Greeks, these gods and goddesses would be able to control everything. Each god or goddess had his or her own distinct personality and territory. “Greek myths explained the origins of the gods and their individual relations with mankind” (Hemingway). Unlike current religions, like Christianity and Judaism, Greek gods were not known for being moral or being truly good or evil. Many of the Greek gods and goddesses were disorganized and self-contradicting. Although this was apparent to the Greeks, the Greeks believed that their religion was to brighten their own lives, rather than give them godlike guidance. The best example of a self-contradicting Greek god is Zeus – father of all gods and humans (Cunningham and Reich 32-33).
The story of Prometheus and pandora began when Prometheus, the god of war, was assigned with the task of creating mankind. Prometheus had assigned Epimetheus ( his brother) the task of giving the creatures of the earth their various qualities, such as swiftness, cunning, strength, fur, and wings. Unfortunately, by the time he got to man Epimetheus had given all the good qualities out and there were none left for man. So Prometheus decided to make mankind stand upright as the gods did and to give them fire. Zeus was furious at Prometheus as a result of not asking him first. Zeus chained Prometheus up to the tallest mountain. Zeus then came up with a plan to create a woman to come to life and she was named Pandora. Pandora was sent as a gift to Epimetheus so he could marry her. With her came a gold box with a key. Pandora was told not to open it under any circumstance. Her curiosity grew stronger and stronger every day. After a few weeks of having the box in the back of her mind, she decided to open the box. Pandora saw evil waft out of the box. Deceit, jealousy, hate, war and despair all came out of the box. Pandora
Although there is some similarity between religion in Ancient Greece and Ancient Egypt, they are mostly different. For starters, Greek worshipers believed that the gods would treat them well and meet their needs if they offered them animal sacrifices and fruits of the harvest. To the Greeks, animal sacrifice was similar to prayer. It was the central ritual act in Ancient Greece especially of oxen, goats, and sheep. A sacrifice would mainly take place when someone decided that they owed something to or wanted something from a god, there was also regular times in the year meant for sacrifices. Many sacrifices were family matters, like if someone was sick, perhaps one or two chickens might be sacrificed with the family standing around, and then the family would eat the chickens for dinner. Opposite of how the Greeks, Egyptians
The worship of gods was not just a practice for the Ancient Greeks it was a passion and they took it very seriously. Huge temples were built across the Peloponnesus and beyond that honored their respective gods in the Greek religion. Parades, sacrifices, banquets, and week long celebrations were held in honor of these gods that the Greeks based nearly their entire society off of. The Greeks would offer their lives, their family’s lives, all of their possessions to please the gods.
After my visit to the Penn Museum, I have acquired knowledge about Greek Religions that which I didn’t have before. Like much other religion, the Ancient Greeks were highly embedded with their religion. Almost every aspect of their lives is connected with their religion until the end of their life. Ancient Greeks have Polytheism belief, where they believe in multiple gods and they believe that Gods can appear in the various forms and take on various forms and are endowed with immense strength and immortal beauty. Even before visiting the Museum, I have some background knowledge about the ancient Greek religion. I thought it quite fascinating to learn how certain gods can interact with mortals and have a conversation with them. Some gods, even have children with the mortals which I think is very different from any other religion. Many
The fate several mortals face within the Iliad comes from the decision of the gods of Olympus. The final decision of many mortals always lies with Zeus. Even though discussions take place with all the gods deciding the outcomes of mortal’s lives, Zeus must always have the final say. It’s greatly seen throughout the Iliad that the “the constraints of fate and the unsurpassable will of Zeus pervade nearly every critical juncture of the action.” (Kitts 227). We see Zeus as a powerful immortal being in the Iliad when the god Hephaestus begs his mother Lady Hera not to further anger Zeus. Hephaestus explains to his mother that “[t]he Olympian can be rough. Once before when I tried to rescue you [h]e flipped me by foot off our balcony. I fell all day and came down when the sun did [o]n the island of Lemnos scarcely alive.” (Iliad, I, 619-625). Through this unimaginable power, Zeus is able to have control over all mortals and install fear into his fellow immortals. It has been demonstrated through the Iliad that the powerful Zeus and his immortals corrupt the notion of human free will and turn it into an
Greek and Roman mythology is well know. The people of that time period were passionate about the gods and did everything in their power to please them. Like most religions the goal is be like one of the gods in order to achieve good fortune or to gain everlasting life. One of the most interesting characteristics about the Greek and Roman Gods is how the gods are not perfect in that they make the same mistakes that the average human would make. These characteristics were put into place to allow ancient Greeks and Romans to effectively relate to the gods making them more believable. This is unlike other religions where the god(s) are shown as the all perfect character making no mistakes. These characteristics relate back to the family and are
In Ancient Greek Culture, there were countless gods. They ranged from all mighty Zeus, king of the gods, to Eris, Goddess of discord, and Dionysos God of wine and revelry. Some Gods and Goddesses, like Zeus and Athena, favored Odysseus and Telemachius, helping them on their journey. While others, like Poseidon, gave them serious trouble along the way. The causes of some of these feelings towards the protagonist may be clear, but others aren't so clear. But if one looks closely at the personalities and other characteristics of the gods and goddesses, their reasoning becomes more apparent.