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Space exploration past and present
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Project Mercury
Project Mercury, the first manned U.S. space project, became an official
NASA program on October 7, 1958. The Mercury Program was given two main but broad objectives: 1. to investigate man’s ability to survive and perform in the space environment and 2. to develop basic space technology and hardware for manned space flight programs to come.
NASA also had to find astronauts to fly the spacecraft. In 1959 NASA asked the U.S. military for a list of their members who met certain qualifications. All applicants were required to have had extensive jet aircraft flight experience and engineering training. The applicants could be no more than five feet eleven inches tall, do to the limited amount of cabin space that the Mercury modules provided. All who met these requirements were also required to undergo numerous intense physical and psychological evaluations. Finally, out of a field of 500 people who met the experience, training, and height requirements, NASA selected seven to become U.S. astronauts. There names,
Lieutenant M. Scott Carpenter; Air Force Captains L. Gordon Cooper, Jr., Virgil “
Gus” Grissom, and Donald K. “Deke” Slayton; Marine Lieutenant Colonel John H.
Glenn, Jr.; and Navy Lieutenant commanders Walter M. Schirra, Jr., and Alan B.
Shepard, Jr. Of these, all flew in Project Mercury except Deke Slayton who was grounded for medical reasons. He later became an American crewmember of the
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
The Mercury module was a bell shaped craft. Its base measured exactly
74.5 inches wide and it was nine feet tall. For its boosters NASA chose two U.S. military rockets: the Army’s Redstone, which provided 78,000 pounds of thrust, was used for suborbital flights, and the Air Force Atlas, providing 360,000 pounds of thrust, was used for orbital fights. The Mercury craft was fastened to the top of the booster for launch. Upon reaching the limits of Earth’s atmosphere the boosters were released from the module, and fell into uninhabited ocean. The first Mercury launch was performed on May 5, 1961. The ship,
Freedom 7, was the first U.S. craft used for manned space flight. Astronaut
Alan Shepard, Jr. remained in suborbital flight for 15 minutes and 22 seconds, with an accumulated distance of 116 miles.
The second and final suborbital mission of the Mercury Project was launched on July 21, 1961. Gus Grissom navigated his ship, Liberty Bell 7, through flight for just 15 seconds longer than the previous mission.
The next Mercury flight was accomplished using an Atlas booster. On
February 20,1962 it fired up and launched John Glenn, Jr., inside Friendship 7, into orbit. Glenn orbited Earth three times and when he returned the country
The Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research project, that created the United States first nuclear weapon, and led to its creation of the nuclear department during World War II. M.A.U.D. / M.A.U.D. group was created in 1940. Also, M.A.U.D was the secret name given to the group and it came from a phrase in a message from Niel Bohr (Cohen). This group produced a report that said that producing a fission bomb was possible. James Chadwick, a new member of the British M.A.U.D group, later wrote that at that time he realized that a nuclear bomb was able to be built in his lifetime.
It was October 4, 1957, when Sputnik was launched. It weight 184 pounds and was roughly the size of a basketball. Others would say the size of a beach ball. The exact measurement was 58 centimeters. It was equipped with two radio transmitters that
This study will explore the shape and scope of the Manhattan Project scientists’ political movement between 1942 and 1945. It will examine the messages they brought into the political realm and investigate how they approached political questions. It will further examine why the scientists were unable to influence wartime policy regarding the use of nuclear weaponry.
Have you ever wondered sitting on a chair at the height of 45,000 feet is safest way to travel? Yes, travelling through airplane is seven times safer than travelling through car and even walking on roads. But, though it is safest way, but it doesn’t mean that it is most comfortable and friendly way.
The launch of the two atomic bombs on Japan in August 1945 will lead to a long
The standards of morality are often violated during war. No one even question the ethics of certain actions until all is set and done, especially the victors. It then comes without surprise that the brain child of the Manhattan Project was one of these morally turbulent actions. The Manhattan Project, started in 1942. It consisted of a small group of government recruited scientists, physicists, chemist, metallurgists and engineers. Lead by Robert Oppenheimer in charge of developing nuclear arms [1].
The Manhattan Project was necessary to the development of atomic and nuclear weapons in America, and it changed the face of war and weapons forever. The Manhattan Project was important to America because it developed the use of atomic weapons. This helped, but also changed for the worse, America and other countries.
The U.S. bomber " Enola Gay " was launched on the morning of 6 August 1945 in the direction of Hiroshima - loaded with a 4.5 -ton bomb . The weapon had a length of three meters and a diameter of nearly a meter.
Since its beginning, the Manhattan Project has become synonymous with images and ideas of death, devastation and war. What few people consider though, is that without the United States initial concern in creating weapons of mass destruction, there would be larger changes in society than simply having less bombs. Nuclear energy production was hardly given a thought before scientists saw the awe-inspiring power of nuclear fission. The work going towards the Manhattan Project did more than create destructive weapons of death, it changed the face of the earth, and in more than one way.
On the morning of August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named Enola Gay flew over the industrial city of Hiroshima, Japan and dropped the first atomic bomb ever. The city went up in flames caused by the immense power equal to about 20,000 tons of TNT. The project was a success. They were an unprecedented assemblage of civilian, and military scientific brain power—brilliant, intense, and young, the people that helped develop the bomb.
For the second electronics project, my partner and I worked together to program an Arduino to light up and dim an LED with a switch, and then by using different frequencies of light to change the brightness of the LED. We also set up three switches to control the amount of red, green, and blue in the LED and use it to make different colors. We first set up a single light circuit that similar to that of the first project. We then added a switch to the breadboard that would allow us to turn on and off the LED. We then removed the switch and added a potentiometer. This allows us to change the brightness of the LED by turning the potentiometer. The next task was to add a photoresistor that would take in light and change the LED brightness according
NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, was formed in 1958 shortly after the Russia launched of Sputnik and the R-7 ICMB Rocket. The administration was formed to research and progress anything that had to do with space, flight, or other aeronautics. Just over a year after the launch of Sputnik, on October 11, 1958 NASA launched its first rocket: Pioneer I. The primary purpose of this rocket was to measure magnetic fields around the Earth. Although the Sputnik projects had many of the same capabilities, the US having finally launched a rocket meant that they were really in the race.
Even in the late 19th century, few people believed such a feat was possible, and yet, a mere half a century later, the first man was launched into space (Irvine 5). How did the human race go from just dreaming about space to actually launching human beings into space in such a short time? Surprisingly, the United States’ space program started with the Cold War. The Cold War pushed the United States and the Soviet Union into a space race in which both nations rapidly developed space programs and tried to best each other in space exploration (Cold War 1). The Kennedy Space Center was built in Florida as a control center which handled many of the shuttle launches into space (NASA 1).