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Causes and effects of procrastination
Factors influencing academic procrastination
Negative effects of procrastination on college students
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Procrastination, and my college experiences
According to the article (Magazine: Journal do- Genetic Psychology, December 1999), procrastination is referred as the act of needlessly delaying a task until the point of some discomfort. This is a behavior problem that many adults experience on a regular basis. In this paper I will be talking about two studies that researched about how procrastination hits students. It will also talk about ways to put an end to procrastination and give stories about people who overcame procrastination and achieved their goals. Toward the end I will talk about how procrastination effected me in my first semester.
Procrastination Research
In the first article (Magazine: Journal do- Genetic Psychology, December 1999), they decided to do a study about locus of control of reinforcement. This refers to the way students think about their papers or research. If external they do not care about the papers and do other things. If they are internal they will do their paper really fast, since their desire comes from having the paper done. In previous research they have found that there is no relation between locus of control and academic procrastination. They have also found that procrastinators had a greater external locus of control than non-procrastinators did. They say that procrastinators were more likely than non-procrastinators to have better success on exams due to the “cramming” that they do. All of this was about to change when scientists decided to do the present studies about procrastination. In these present studies they found out that the students with internal control expectancies would procrastinate more than those with external control expectancies. They found out that the students would procrastinate more when given a hard project than when they are given an easy project.
In the same article they did another study, this time 42 undergraduates were enrolled in two psychology courses. They were to complete assignments to see who were more likely to procrastinate. When the results were finished they found out that the mean for gender, meaning male or female, was not significantly different. As they expected, the students with internal control began assignments earlier than those students with external control expectancies. The students with internal locus of control took fewer days to return the assignments than those with external locus of control. Most importantly of all, they came with the conclusion that procrastination involves much more than poor time-management skills.
Stopping Procrastination
As a chronic procrastinator myself I would have to say from experience that I do more often than not make a decision to procrastinate. When I procrastinate it is most times because I believe that I don’t need the time that I am given to get my work done, or simply that I don’t want to work on the project that day. In a paper written by a Serendip Student entitled “Procrastination: Habit or Disorder,” the author sheds light on the psychological view point of procrastination. The author breaks it up into two categories, behavioral procrastination and decisional procrastination. The author relates behavioral procrastination to self-handicap, meaning that those people use procrastination as an excuse to blame something for the reason that they did not pass that test. In this article, the author uses an experiment conducted by Ferrari and Tic, “participants (men and women) perform an identical task twice. In the first study, participants were notified that they would be evaluated on their performance of the task. Time was allotted for practice or engaging in fun activities. Results found that participants procrastinated for 60% of the time. The second study described the identical task as a fun game. Results of activity during the time allotted showed that procrastinators, in comparison
Procrastination is the word that I would use to thoroughly depict people. It’s not that everyone procrastinates, but most people do, and almost everyone has at least once in their lifetime. I am positive that you have put off an assignment and had good reason to do so. I often put off all my assignments because the TV is always a better way to spend my time. The history paper can wait, as can the dog that needs feeding. The job doesn’t need to be completed until the very last minute. Now, there is a very sound science to procrastinating. Some would say that it is a skill; furthermore, all my friends refer to me as the “Pro” crastinator. Procrastinating is the best thing ever it feels amazing, and especially if the assignment is boring. The
There are some college students who are the arousal type procrastinators. These procrastinators are the thrill-seekers (the ones who wait to the last minute of their day to make a move). Next you have the “avoider” procrastinators who would like others to think of them as the individual who lack more effort than ability. Then you have the decisional procrastinators. These procrastinators are the ones who cannot make a decision solely off of their assignment (Marano).
Procrastination might seem as a very basic topic to research about, and even though I might not find the answer to what I need to. One of the reasons of why I chose this theme because is something that no one will be more interested than a procrastinator. Being a procrastinator myself, I’m always making excuses to not work or even to study. Another reason is that of many people think that procrastination is the same as laziness. Understanding the difference between these two themes is very hard because many people don’t know the importance of knowing how procrastination starts. Procrastination has been linked to many disorder like; depression, irrational behavior, low self-esteem, where laziness doesn't appear anywhere close. A procrastinator might have one of these negative aspects, and they aren’t aware and go with that definition of procrastination that the society has implanted. Which is procrastinator are lazy people. For adults, this is very hard to assimilate, and to deal with now imagine in high school how hard it can be, even though there you have a lot of help from other adults. In the university is harder and for some hardcore
Procrastination is a common problem with students. Students wait closer and closer to the due date to complete an assignment. Procrastinating is something that everyone has done at one point in his or her lives. All students such as elementary students, middle school students, high school students, and college students procrastinate. Students have many reasons why they seem to procrastinate. The reasons for procrastinating are simple such as students being too lazy to complete their work. Procrastination is a problem because students may not get their work done in time. The students’ work may not also be as well accomplished as it would be if they complete it before the due date. Simple solutions such as staying focused, setting goals and priorities,
“I’ll do it later this week, I have time” some of the most commonly used words for procrastinators. Individuals who are procrastinators sometimes feel they work best under pressure, giving them a way to self-sooth themselves when facing reality of the work that lies ahead. Many procrastinators have very busy lives, such as working full or part time, others are juggling family life with kids in addition to work. It seems as if finding the balance between their everyday lives while attending school are for many a recipe for disaster. Those who leave work until the last minute are really never able to find the time to accomplish the work. If we take procrastinators for face value we ca...
Klassen, Robert, Lindsey Krawchuk, and Sukaina Rajani. "Academic procrastination of undergraduates: Low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of procrastination." Contemporary Educational Psychology. 33.4 (2008): 915-931. Web. 6 Nov. 2011. .
Procrastination has negative effects on our mental and physical health, which can lead to poor sleep. Hairston and colleagues believe that procrastination is associated with sleep troubles, an association mediated by ruminative cognitions (Hairston et al., 2016). Participants completed an online questionnaire regarding procrastination; sleep troubles, rumination, emotional state, and biological clock. The results showed that in evening types procrastination positively correlates with sleep trouble, negative affect, and rumination. However, for morning types there is no correlation between procrastination and sleep disturbances. Thus, the results from this study will have an impact on treatment and interventions of insomnia and procrastination
K., & Tesser, A. (1991). Effects of time-management practices on college grades. Journal Of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 405-410. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.83.3.405
...rs tend to overestimate the degree of unpleasantness of a task” (Lay, 46). Procrastination is a problem that when left unchecked can cause serious problems in every aspect of a person’s life. The solution for students can be as easy as sticking to a goal or as hard as denying themselves a prize when they missed the deadline on a project. The type of solution a person uses depends on what works best for that student, but a schedule to help stay goal positioned never hurt.
The definition of procrastination according to Solomon & Rothblum is the determined delay of the start or completion of a task (1984). Procrastinators will also differ from those who do not procrastinate in numerous ways. An example would be that procrastinators often fear failure, strive for perfection, may be slightly pessimistic and more anxious, which may become worse when they realize they are procrastinating (McCown & Johnson, 1991) or when deadlines are approaching (Tice & Baumeister, 1997). The personal and realistic problems that result from dysfunctional procrastination are predominantly acute in academics, as the inclination to put off school-related tasks often result in challenging levels of stress (Solomon & Rothblum 1984), on the whole the end of the academic semester would be the peak (Tice & Baumeister, 1997).
A. H. C. Chu and J. N. Choi, psychologists, distinguished two types of protracting, they discovered that active procrastination has attainable characteristics that lead to positive personal outcomes (Choi and Moran). These positive personal outcomes are a result of waiting at its finest. People with these adequate dilatory skills have probably learned from their deficient habits in the past that may help everyone know that the view of holding off can change. Writing this essay has changed my view on procrastination slightly, as I can see how it can be good for you. With my siblings, my free time is limited.
Heibutzki, Ralph. How Lack of Time Management Affects College Students. Demand Media, 2009. Web. 15 Nov. 2013
People all procrastinate at one time or another. Procrastination is the practice of delaying work on important tasks in favor of less challenging ones. Chronic procrastinating hinders productivity and affects our state of mind by creating anxiety and stress (Reichelt). As deadlines approach, one often feels frustration and guilt for not starting on a task earlier. We often assume that projects won't take as long to finish as they really will, which often results in a mad scramble to finish the project in the twenty-four hours before the projects deadline. One of the biggest factors contributing to procrastination is the misconception that we need to be inspired or in the mood to work on the task at hand (Reichelt). However, the reality is that if you wait for the “right time” you will most likely wait for an indefinite amount of time and the task will never get completed.
Procrastination is a tendency to postpone, put off, delay, reschedule, take a rain check on, put on ice, hold off, or to defer what is necessary to reach a particular goal.(Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition. Philip Lief Group 2009.) While attending College some students find it hard to juggle work, family, and friends. Leading most students down a dangerous path to procrastination; that negative impact affect students from their physical health, mental health, and social health.