The Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) is a unique species of primate that has a distinct red appearance and an infamous classist society. The behavior of macaques can be partitioned into four categories: mating, parenting, communication, and culture.
The Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) is native to Japan, and is the most northerly occurring non-human primate in the animal kingdom (Mobilereference, 2008). They constitute a genus of terrestrial Old World monkeys from the subfamily of Cercopithecinae. Macaques are some of the most well studied primate species ever observed (Gron, 2007). In general, macaques are strong-limbed, medium-sized monkeys with stout bodies, thick dense fur, and pinkish faces (Norwak, 1999). Two species of Japanese
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The face and genitalia redden and the females’ turn scarlet (Thomsen, 1997). Macaques copulate both on the ground and in the trees (Yotsumoto, 1976), and roughly one in three copulations leads to ejaculation (MobileReference, 2009). Macaques signal when they are ready to mate by looking backward over a shoulder, staying still, or walking backwards towards their potential partner. Japanese female macaques make cooing, squawking, squeaking, or produce an atonal "cackle" noise during copulation (Hanby JP, 1974). Males have no mating vocalizations. The higher the status of the male macaque, the more frequent the female reaches orgasm in copulations. This research is compatible with the female choice hypothesis (Troisi, …show more content…
After this time, the mother carries her infant on her back, as well. Infants continue to be carried past a year. A mother macaque tends to avoid other troop members and until the infant is grown. Then she will reintroduce herself slowly (Hiraiwa, 1981).
Occasionally, infant macaques are taken care of by other individuals in a parent-like behavior, known as alloparenting. This is done by females who do not have children of their own. Depending on the group, older males can take care of the infant similar to a female would (Hiraiwa, 1981).
Communication between macaques occurs by emitting coos. Macaques respond to coos with coos of their own. They are used frequently in different contexts, from grooming to mating. Macaques have alarm calls for alerting others of danger. They have aggressive calls, such as threats during altercations or aggressive encounters. Macaques form alliances amongst themselves. Supporters of the parties involved will utter threat calls in an antagonistic fashion. By doing this, the supported later supports the caller if needed (Machida, 1990). They essentially act as cheerleaders and later return the favor for backing them up during their time of need. The macaque also has a girney call in which they use a variant as an appeasement in aggressive encounters or during grooming (Blount,
After eighteen months, Jane had finally been accepted into the animals’ group – she was finally considered to be one of them. Chimpanzees are a lot like humans in their behaviour. They are extremely smart since they are able to make and use tools and weapons. The female mothers are very affectionate and protective of the young and the rest of their family. The young chimps are also very dependent on their mother for necessities such as food, shelter and warmth.
Inside the chimp habitat, I noticed a sign which read: Look here for a “zoo” born! When I saw it, I recalled that earlier during the day, a senior docent named Rhonda who worked with the gorillas had told me that there was recently a newborn chimp. She said to look very closely to find the baby because the mother was extremely protective of it. She had also mentioned that the newborn’s furless skin would be very pink. At first, I looked very keenly for the small new chimp who had just been born this year, but I couldn’t find it. I finally spotted the baby after I moved to a different position to view the chimps from the open air viewing area. The infant was just as Rhonda had described it: nestled in its mother’s arms as she shielde...
Chimpanzees make tools and use them to procure foods and for social exhibitions; they have refined hunting tactics requiring collaboration, influence and rank; they are status cognizant, calculating and capable of trickery; they can learn to use symbols and understand facets of human language including some interpersonal composition, concepts of number and numerical sequence and they are proficient in spontaneous preparation for a future state or event.
In 1976 Marshall H. Klaus and John H. Kennell came out with a book called “Parent Infant Bonding”. It discussed their hypothesis that like other animals, there is a brief moment directly following the birth of a child where skin-to-skin contact between mother and offspring creates a strong bond. Although this theory continues to be supported by many, some criticized the process of Klaus and Kennell’s studies. Some of these criticisms likely came from their definition of a “critical” time period after birth.
As our neighboring living families, chimpanzees as well as bonobos have been extensively used as prototypes of the behavior of early hominids. However, In modern years, as statistics on the social behaviors or conduct and ecosystem of bonobos has evidently come to light, a lot of interspecific assessments have been done. Chimpanzees have been described in terms of their intercommunity struggle, meat eating, infanticide, anthropogy, male position-striving, and supremacy over females. Bonobos, for the meantime, have been depicted as the ‘‘creator of love, but not a war’’ ape, categorized by female power-sharing, a deficiency of hostility between either characters or groups, expounded sexual behavior that happens without the restraint of a thin window of fruitfulness, and the usage of sex for communicative determinations. This paper evaluates the indication for this contrast and reflects the reasons that distinct portrayals of the two great apes have advanced.
Primates housed in organizations like zoos and laboratories have developed catastrophic behavior; due to the lack of their natural habitat and the lose of freedom to pursue their own lives. Chimpanzees have directed themself to attempt abnormal and often revolting behavior. During their life in captivity they exibit biting themselves, drinking urine, eating feces, pating genitals, rocking, plucking hair, and fumpling niples (Birkett and Newton-Fisher). Another factor that gives chimpanzees
...and put them in a whole different category from other primates. Unlike other animals there intellect gives them the ability to create, learn and flourish as primates. Even though they are not as intelligent as humans, they have a very significant cognition that puts them closer to humans.
Thesis Statement: Despite the rampant protests of animal welfare organizations on encaging primates in zoos since primates typically show abnormal behavior, zoos in the National Capital Region claim that human interaction and enrichment programs help alleviate the stress and trauma primates experience.
Quiatt, D., & Reynolds, V. (1993). Primate behaviour: information, social knowledge, and the evolution of culture. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press].
From a far distance I was able to see the largest of the primates, Gorillas. The gorillas at the
...r members of the animal kingdom, humans have not evolved any longer with such strong maternal instinct. Nurseries probably trapped and imprisoned many a young mother who listened to society and did what she thought she was supposed to. And once they got there, maybe they realized it was not how they wanted to live their life. Yet, they could not abandon their families and children, and so they were trapped by the cradle, the toys, the bottles, the nursery.
Apes, like humans, are catarrhines and part of the superfamily hominoidea. Apes started to appear in the Miocene about 20 million years ago(lecture notes, week 10), under this category there are many primates that are distinguished as apes, such as, orangutans, gibbons, chimpanzees, and gorillas. These particular primates are from the old world and are native to Africa and Asia. Apes can be distinguished by the foramen magnum towards the back of the skull, having no tail, and having a hook nose (Larsen 2013, p. 150). Another characteristic of apes is that they have large brains for their body size, this is important because it shows they have a higher intelligence than other animals, and this can be connected to the relationship shared with humans.
Chimpanzees (Figure 1) are the closest living relatives to us, and they share 99 percent of our DNA (1). Chimpanzees have distinct group territoriality. Male chimpanzees “patrol” near the boundary between the two ranges, at that time they move very carefully and quietly, and they can cease to listen and observe the range of their neighbors. Patrolling individuals are likely to face cruel and violent attacks, injuries, and even deaths. Intense excitement and aggressive display can occur if the two parties of two communities encounter each other. Usually, the larger group holds its ground, and interaction between different chimpanzees communities may also lead to gang attack. Expanding the community range is necessary to their social organizations, the males cooperation can defend the territory and increase the reproductive rates of the resident females by excluding female and male competitors. Body contact is common in their social life such as grooming (1). Usually, chimpanzees groom each other as a way to show harmony and solidarity in their society (Figure 2). Grooming each other demonstrates the deep bonds and close relationship between them. In addition, they can even hug, hold hands, touch, kiss each other as a way of emotional expression (2).
Monkey see, monkey do. Apes have always been thought to have an increased level of intelligence. Over the years, researchers have attempted to understand the degree of intelligence these primates possess. However, it is essential to understand the definition of intelligence in order to determine the amount of intelligence primates have. Intelligence is the capability of obtaining knowledge and being able to utilize it in everyday situations. There are many hypotheses that focus on the evolution of intelligence in primates that view a number of factors including brain size and modernism. Primate intelligence has been a topic of interest to many because it will allow us to further understand the close relationship between humans and primates. Additionally, we will be able to understand the difference between human and primate cognition. Some studies suggest that the human and primate brains possess many similarities. This demonstrates why primates tend to respond to stimuli in a manner that is closely related to humans. Researchers have conducted a number of studies in an effort to understand primate cognition.
Humans and non-human primates have many behaviors and characteristics in common. All humans and non-human primates also share physical and beha...