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Disadvantages of price discrimination
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Disadvantages of price discrimination
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Price discrimination is part of the legal business strategy. It is occurring when companies charge different prices of the same goods and services to each customer or each type of customers to maximise profit based on the consumer 's price sensitivity and willingness to pay. It is not based on the cost of production, and it exists because different users place different values or prices on the same products. Therefore, companies can classify their customers based on the common traits and group them together to charge different prices. Firms are maximizing the producer surplus and changing the consumer surplus into supernormal profit. Consumer surplus is the difference between the maximum prices that the buyers willing to pay and the price they actually pay. Producer surplus is the difference between the minimum …show more content…
Products in amazon China are cheaper than amazon UK. Today, Firms Gather consumer 's information and buying habit then charge separately is considered as standard practices. Large online retailers can use cookies on their sites and get a lot of information about their customers like browsing history and location. Cookies are a type of message that the Web server give to a web browser that then stores the information for later use. For example, companies informed their previous customers about current discounts and offers through emails. The main purpose of cookies is to gather user 's information like user locations and present different version of the web pages according to the information received. However, companies need to implement privacy policy and do not share or sell customers information with others. For example, amazon.com will customise their advertisement based on browsing history of their website’s visitors. Each customer receives a different version of the website with different products recommendation and
Price discrimination can be defines as when a firm offers an “individual good at different prices to different consumers” The Library of Economics and Liberty elaborates on its pricing strategy, stating Comcast offers different pricing depending on what features the consumer desires. For instance, the cable company will charge a higher price to a person who uses several services as part of their cable package. Conversely, the firm charges a very low price to someone who would “otherwise not be interested” , providing basic services at a minimum price. It takes advantage of the regulation imposed on the cable industry by offering the required basic package at seemingly attractive prices. Using this pricing system allows for it to attract different consumers whose maximum price they are willing to pay differs. Recently, Comcast attempted a new billing strategy by introducing a data usage cap. It essentially expanded on the company’s existing price discrimination method by charging customers according to how much data they used each month. Comcast also utilizes penetration pricing, where it offers its product at low prices to attract new consumers, later raising the prices once the customer is subscribed for a certain amount of time. Generally it claims the original prices were promotional only, lasting only a small amount of
Apart from Antitrust laws, there are several other laws that promote fair business practices. The Robinson-Patman Act prohibits price discrimination. This act ...
Advertisement agencies use behavioral advertisement, or third party cookies, to track customers on and off their client’s website. This allows them to create specific banner ads that display content viewed and not purchased, in hopes of getting a larger customer return and purchase rate. This practice is increasing among e-commerce and is raising concerns with ethical and privacy advocators.
Online data tracking good because it allows companies such as Google, Yahoo, and Twitter to give you customize Internet service for better experiences. Online tracking allows advertisers to precisely target their consumer’s needs based on their b...
The most lucrative business on the Internet is marketing. Companies have come up with ingenious ways to generate revenue with very targeted advertising. Each company has their unique method to identify their consumers, some more complicated than others. For example, on a website geared to new mothers the advertisements would reflect that by advertising for baby diapers or formula. This type of targeted advertising is understood and acceptable. The consumer benefits by having advertisements in their interests and the vendor has a higher likelihood of making a sale. The Internet has introduced novel ways to track consumer habits and interests thereby creating smarter advertising. Microsoft employs their browser Internet Explorer using “cookies” to track user habits. Cookies are pieces of text stored by a user’s web browser, they are sent back and forth every time a user accesses a web page. These can be tracked to follow web surfers’ actions. Cookies are used to store...
In English, this means that webservers can create web pages that will customize from user to user. By saving these preferences on your computer, the web page can reload appearing to your chosen options. This is accomplished by retrieving the cookie, through your browser, when you access the web page.
Price discrimination is a significant and influential practice on the market in the modern economic world. It aids in a firm's profit maximization scheme, it allows certain consumers with more scarce resources the opportunity to purchase goods or services that would otherwise be usable, and it aids firms in balancing what is and what is not sold. Price discrimination is an effective means by which a firm can sell a higher quantity of goods, make a higher profit margin on the goods it sells, and builds a broader consumer base due to differing price elasticity of demand for given goods and services. Price discrimination ultimately equalizes price and value for both the consumer and the firm, creating a more ideal situation for both entities in terms of preference and opportunity cost.
However, the same personal data is being compromised and eroding privacy. Companies have been getting bolder in their attempts to gather, share and sell data. The latest trend is outsourcing data to third party companies for data processing, which can be done at a lower cost. One of the main problems with this approach is that a lot of very sensitive data is being sent, which could be harmful in the wrong hands. Most companies require their customers to "opt-out" to prevent their data from being shared with a company's affiliates. This process requires the customer to explicitly tell the company not to share their data, which is usually in the form of a web site or a survey sent in the mail. These surveys are often thrown away by consumers, so they don't even realize that they're giving the companies a green light to sell and share their data.
When analyzing the market, one must consider the power that buyers and sellers have. When a seller controls all of the power it is considered a monopoly, they are able to “raise [their] price above competitive levels” which makes it unfair for consumers in a market as they are only given the option to buy from that particular seller regardless of the prices they impose (Stucke, 2013 p. 1510). When a buyer controls all of the power it is considered a monopsony, here the buyer “can lower the price[s] below competitive levels for the goods and services it buys” (Stucke, 2013 p. 1510). The action a buyer takes to lower the prices can also be considered unfair to the supplier, this can “reduce the
The competition and consumer act aims to discourage price discrimination in the business environment if the discrimination could substantially reduce competition. An example of price discrimination would be Apple with the distribution of IPhone 5c around the world, the prices vary from $500-$1,500(local currency). The IPhone 5c is less-profitable for Apple but still the price range has a big gap e.g., in Singapore the iPhone costs $948, but in the UK it costs $529 . There are three types of price discrimination (first degree, second degree and third degree) and they all discriminate differently. The price discrimination in business will increase revenue, they will attract more consumers and will enable companies to stay in business. The consequences for price discrimination is that the manufacture/business will get sued by consumers for price discrimination especially when paying higher prices, decline in consumer surplus, there may be administrative costs of separating the markets etc. However, Price discrimination has a lot of impacts on consumers and business owner 's around the world but most importantly it affects people that have been discriminated over the price for the same
The second market structure is a monopolistic competition. The conditions of this market are similar as for perfect competition except the product is not homogenous it is differentiated; thus having control over its price. (Nellis and Parker, 1997). There are many firms and freedom of entry into the industry, firms are price makers and are faced with a downward sloping demand curve as well as profit maximizers. Examples include; restaurant businesses, hotels and pubs, specialist retailing (builders) and consumer services (Sloman, 2013).
One way advertising companies target customers is through collected information. Websites can collect data on their users, including browsing habits, search terms, purchase data, and profile data. Using this
The debate on whether price gouging is ethical or unethical has been ongoing. While laws in some nations have restricted the actions naming it ethical, some nations are deliberating on whether it is ethical or not. Price gouging is the act of the seller, pricing their goods or services at a price above the market rate when there is no alternative retailer available. The phenomena occur when the prices are sharply raised mostly temporarily when the demand is high. Price gouging is therefore as a result of an economic occurrence, but the name itself implies that someone is taking aggressive action against another (Lee 583).
Price discrimination strategy happens when a vendor sells the same merchandise to two or more retailers at different prices. Different retailers can charge different prices would depend on any differences in the cost of manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from the differing quantities that are selling or delivered. It will be cheaper if the retailers buying in large quantities than small quantities as the manufacturers can achieve economies
Many browsers keep track of where you have been on the Internet by using cookies. A cookie file is a small piece of information that a web server can store. However cookies are not without their problems. On...