Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Interrogation methods and if they should be allowed
Interrogation methods and if they should be allowed
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Interrogation methods and if they should be allowed
“Practical Kinesic Interrogation Phase.”
During the analysis phase, the interviewer uses several techniques to observe and analyze the subject's behavior “to determine the subject's truthful and deceptive behaviors or at least to determine those areas most sensitive to the subject and, therefore, in need of further attention through verbal inquiry” (Walters 3). Walters describes four fundamental stages of the interview: (1) orientation, (2) narration, (3) cross-examination, and (4) resolution (Id. at 25-29).
The investigator uses information gathered during the first phase to tailor interrogation for the specific subject. Walters describes the interrogator's task of “breaking the cycle of deception” during the interrogation; this includes
confronting the suspect's negative-response emotional states (Id. at 209). Walters outlines different interrogation strategies for different personality types. Walters describes over 30 practical kinesic principles to guide investigators in this process. The “first and most important” such principle is that “No single kinesic behavior, verbal or nonverbal, proves a person is truthful or deceptive” (Id. at 10). The other principles include both general statements of human
In “The Interview” by Douglas Starr, He talks about the different techniques they use when interrogating suspects to determine whether the suspect is lying. One technique they use is called the Reid Technique and that is when
One of the last types of ways investigators are coached to detect deception is in the behavioral attitudes of a person being interviewed such as being unconcerned or over anxious (Kassin, 2005). The success rate of looking for these cues are very successful in telling if an individual is being deceitful and has surpassed any laboratory tests conducted on the subject. The laboratory test however did reveal some interesting facts. The research showed that people who had training and experience did not score better than the control group who received no training. In fact all individuals scored at the chance level with the people who had training scored just above chance or at the chance level. To check if special training in the detection of deception was more accurate a study ...
McClish, Mark. “Susan Smith” http://www.statementanalysis.com/susan-smith/ Advanced Interviewing Concepts. May 6, 2002. Web, Feb. 7, 2012
There are nine steps to the interrogation process, but before the steps are implemented, there’s an initial interview to determine guilt or innocence. During this time, the interrogator attempts to create a rapport with the suspect by using casual conversation to establish a non-threating atmosphere. Often time, people are more comfortable when they feel they can relate to the person they are talking to, so the interrogator may claim to share some common beliefs or interest. If the suspect starts talking to the interrogator about harmless things, it becomes harder to stop talking or start lying later, after when the discussion turns to crime (dying words). In the initial investigation, the investigator will observe the suspects verbal and non-verbal reactions, this information will help establish a baseline reaction before the stress commences; later on in the investigation, the baseline will help the interrogator determine if the suspect is telling the truth or lying. Now the investigation can proceed with the nine-step process. First step, direct positive confrontation, involves directly confronting the suspect with a statement that it is known that he or she committed the crime. Often, the police lie and describe nonexistent evidence that points to the suspect as the offender. The second step, theme development, is the step in which the police present a hypothesis about the
Many of today’s interrogation models being utilized in police investigations have an impact on false confessions. The model that has been in the public eye recently is the social psychological process model of interrogation known as the “The Reid Technique.” There are two alternatives used by the police today to replace the Reid Technique, one is the PEACE Model and the other is Cognitive Interviewing. These methods are not interrogation techniques like Reid but interview processes.
After reviewing the article “Inside Interrogation: The Lie, The Bluff, and False Confessions”, it became very evident the huge problem with interrogations and false confessions in the criminal justice system is with false confession. Jennifer T. Perillo and Saul M. Kassin crafted three distinct experiments to try and better understand false confessions and how trues the actual numbers in real life are. What Perillo and Kassin were trying to prove is that “the bluff technique should elicit confessions from perpetrators but not from innocents” (Perillo, Kassin 2010). What is called the “Bluff Technique” is an interrogation technique that uses a sort of threat or hint that there is certain proof that a person will think is more of a promise for
(Giroir, 2013). In this particular assignment, I am asked to interview a college graduate or
To show an unbiased and educated examination of the five cases involving questionable interrogations, I will give information on the crime that occurred, the problems with the interrogations and other evidence, who is at fault for problems within the case, how the defendant was cleared (if he was), and the compensation and future changes that were a direct response to these cases provided that they occurred or are in the process of occurring. The five cases that I will examine involve the accused: George Allen, Hunter Johnson, Peter Reilly, Michael Crowe, and Reggie Clemons. Each case is significantly different yet showcases many acts of injustice within the justice system.
Most interviews require strategic planning and relevant questions to be able to gather enough information. There were many things that the detective did great for example, in the first scene when the victim and the detective walked in, he immediately asked her to sit in a comfortable chair, got her a cup of coffee and asked her if she needed anything else. He quickly proceeded to explain what the interview is going to be about, removing any doubt or apprehension that she may experience during the interview. The detective began the interview with," Don't try to remember things you can't…if you need to stop anytime, just tell me." (Victim Interview,1998). Which essentially created a rapport between the detective and the victim. The detective began the interview with an open-ended question, asking the victim to tell him what happened from the start. While the victim was talking, he did not interrupt, but was rather patient with her, nodding and making eye contact continuously. During a one point of the video, the woman began crying, unable to hide her distress, to which the investigator reacted quickly responding "No pressure, I know you are upset... Are you alright to carry on?" (Victim Interview, 1998). In my opinion, this is a great technique to use when one is dealing with an elderly victim in distress. As the investigator carefully listened, he then recapped all the information back to the victim making sure it is correct. We see this throughout the whole film, where the detective continuously seeks victim's validation. Another thing that I found interesting is the way that the investigator used the cognitive approach on the victim, to stimulate her memory. He politely asked her to draw a sketch of the area that the crime happened at, then he proceeded to make her retell everything from the beginning but in the present tense. As she was struggling, he patiently guided her, by saying "Show me", "Describe to
As a goal, this thought paper aims to provide a guideline for police investigators to establish a better system of interrogation as a way to avoid false confessions. However, and being honest, it is difficult to change a system that has been based on old doctrines and practices, also known as the popular saying "that 's the way it 's always been done.” But, as its opposite says, “just because something’s always been done that way, doesn’t mean it should continue to be done that way,” and a clear example of this problem is the use of methods for interrogation purposes. The fact that the Reid technique is still being used to train police on how interrogations are carried out should be a topic of concern. As the journal paper on the Social Psychology of False Confessions mentions, the processes that involve the Reid technique are based on a book -Criminal Interrogations and Confessions- that was written in 1962 ( Kassin, 2015) Although it is currently in its fifth edition, we cannot be certain that the methods used by investigators in 1962 are still effective in 2016. Additionally, we cannot rely on this process of interrogation to assess whether a person is innocent or guilty because there is the chance that these old procedures could incite people to plead guilty and hence provide false confessions. To an extent, it is unbelievable that given the literature and material available on this topic, there have not been any progress in trying to change the way in which investigators interrogate people. From 1962 on, new areas of study in criminal law have been created and developed. Therefore, a group of specialists, such as investigators, psychologists, lawyers, judges, and others, should create a manual on interrogation methods less ba...
There are several phases of the motivational interviewing known as: engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning. Each step builds upon one another and are viewed in a stair step sort of representation. The steps are completed in this manner in order to build a strong foundation (Miller & Rollnick, 2013).
IM is a “desire to create particular impressions in others’ minds” (Leary and Kowalski, 1990, p. 35). IM theories suggest that interviewers may not be able to detect IM tactics (Liden and Mitchell, 1988; Wortman and Linsenmeier, 1977; Erdogan and Linden, 2006). Theories on deception, such as interpersonal deception theory (IDT), suggest that deception detection is a complicated task and requires cognitive resources that are already being utilized conducting the interpersonal interactions within the interview (Buller and Burgoon, 1996).
Conducting an interview is not as straightforward as it may seem. On paper the idea is that an interview is “‘a meeting of two persons to exchange information and ideas through questions and responses, resulting in communication and joint construction of meaning about a particular topic’” (Esterberg 2001:83). In the social sciences, being able to interview individuals allows the research to observe individual experiences, while also speaking to the broader sociological dynamics of a society. In Qualitative Methods in Social Research, Esterberg describes interviewing as a “relationship between two individuals…two individuals come together to try to create meaning about a particular topic. While participating in this relationship, they also draw
A big focus is on how interviewers and participants use language and form and meanings
One of the components of Reid approach is training the interrogators to establish whether a suspect is lying or telling the truth by evaluating the nonverbal and verbal behavior during the interview. Many people question the effectiveness of interrogation training in assisting to discern truth from suspects. According Professor Richard Leo, people are poor in drawing accurate judgments of deception and truth (Leo, 2013). The behavior prompts used police are not diagnostic of deception, the investigators cannot differentiate false from truth denials of guilt, and yet they maintain they draw accurate