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Recommended: Concept of postmodernism
Since modernism wasn’t defined in the previous section, it will be defined now. If it is not defined, then any concept of postmodernism would lack the proper foundation. Modernism is usually a first person narrative dealing with self-consciousness and a rather cynical view of the modern world—modern life is bad and stuff.
In contrast to that, postmodernism views the world as impossible to firmly define and understand. It is a reaction to modernism, and its features and beliefs rely on the concept of modernism. In its name and its meaning, postmodernism is a response to modernism.
In Joseph Heller’s Catch-22, the elements of postmodernism are prevalent. I forget the name of the term, but extremely-detailed, overlong, and somewhat disorganized writing is seen as an element of postmodernism. I wish I’d remember the term because I don’t know if the term adequately fits Catch-22. By my definition of it, I could quote Catch-22 in its entirety and call it a day, but my memory isn’t extraordinary enough to remember the minute particulars of my high school, freshman English course. I should be glad that I can remember the gist of things.
There’s a point in the prior break of formality and meta nature of my communication. This idea of breaking the fourth wall is another postmodern concept where direct access to the reader and writing about writing are both
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These ideas are implemented by including impossible, unrealistic events into the narrative. This can be seen in Catch-22 with the character of Milo. He’s not good, and he’s not really evil, unless you want to claim that the American ideal of making money is evil (Heller kind of does, but I disagree with him). He’s Milo Minderbender, and he’s the embodiment of the ideas of moral ambiguity and general confusion of what’s really happening. The following quote deals with Milo making sense of an unrealistic
“There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask, and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn't, but if he were sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn't have to, but if he didn't want to he was sane and had to.”
Have you ever been in a situation that could only be described as a case of Déjà vu? In Catch-22, by Joseph Heller, this term fits many of the situations you might see throughout the novel. From beginning to end, we see one trend painted over almost every scene. Throughout Catch-22, the idea of cyclism and seeming disorganization. The plot and story lines do not follow a chronological framework with the many flashbacks and tangents that come without warning. In Catch-22, by Joseph Heller, he forgoes classic organization and adopts a repetitive view to develop characters and to exposit the fear of the strange Catch-22.
In Joseph Heller’s Catch-22, many of the character are conformists or conform to something one way or another. Major Major tries to act like the other men but still ends up being hated by everyone for no real reason besides being a major. Yossarian was in Pianosa and was just dealing with strangers shooting at him. He followed orders. However, he questioned why they had to do the things they were doing in the first place, why he had to kill people he didn’t know before they killed him first. At first, it did not bother him that he was killing people, but he was afraid of death. His fear of his own mortality caused him to question the order of his commanding officers and question his friends who actually enjoyed being in the war,
The clerk sneezed three times in rapid succession and looked at me through watery eyes. "What did you say your name was?" I told him my name and he turned to a towering file cabinet overflowing with papers and brown manila envelopes. After sneezing three times and searching through a drawer, he pulled out a thin folder and laid it on the counter. "Ah," he said in a nasal voice laden with condescension and impatience. "I see you have no experience in our particular area of expertise. Come back when you get some experience." I explained that I was there to get experience. "Well, I don't see how you can find any work with your experience," the clerk groused, peering at me through a pair of horn-rimmed glasses. "Federal regulation Catch-22." He sneezed three times. I stared, trying to comprehend the logic of this ineffectual bureaucrat. He wouldn't hire me with my level of experience, but I could only get experience by working at this company. He sneezed three times. There was only one catch, and it was Catch-22.
Catch 22 by Joseph Heller is a complex and intricate novel. Heller uses many themes, does not have the story line in chronological order and often uses irony in his descriptions. Many of the themes can be compared to other literature. One of the themes that can be compared is fear in war. The idea is that the evils and cruelty of war can make a grown man go back into a "fetal" state. This can be seen in The Ball Turret Gunner by Randall Jarrell and can be compared to the metaphor used in chapter five of Catch 22. In this chapter Yossarian talks about the tight crawl space which led to the plexiglass bombardier’s compartment.
Capitalism is an economic system where a country’s production, distribution of goods and services, for profit are controlled by private owners in a competitive free market. Capitalism is the economic system that the United States has always been using and is commonly associated with the American Dream; where anyone can become rich and successful regardless of background and environment. In Joseph Heller’s satire, Catch-22, Heller satirizes multiple vice and follies that exists in the United States such as religion and bureaucracy of the U.S government. One of Heller’s criticism of society, capitalism, is still a prevalent issue to this day. In Catch-22, the squadron’s mess officer of the U.S Army Air corps in Pianosa, Milo Minderbinder, is a satire of a modern businessman and a character that Heller uses to expose how dangerous the profit-mentality of capitalism can be. Heller’s text in challenging a specific vice or folly through satire proved to be exceptionally effective as today’s current issues continue to mimic those in Catch-22.
Metfictional or metatexutal literature is one that has two levels of communication used simultaneously within the same story. The first level is usually dialogue between two characters, description of setting or characters, and so on. At the same time, a second level contains commentary from the writer or characters to the reader. The text knowingly comments on the way the story is written, the quality or truthfulness of the story, or purposefully interrupts itself. “The fourth wall is the space between the audience and the actors on a stage, the first three walls being stage left, the background, and stage right. When an actor in a play addresses the audience directly, this is called ‘breaking the fourth wall.’ It is not generally done in
Themes of Slaughterhouse 5 by Kurt vonnegut and Catch 22 by Joseph Heller In the books, Slaughter House 5 by Kurt Vonnegut and Catch 22 by Joseph Heller there are many themes that at first don’t appear to be related but once given a closer look have striking similarities. Both books are about one mans experience through World War II, one being a fighter pilot and another being a soldier. Each man is known as an anti-war hero. They do not agree with the war and do not find it appropriate to fight for it.
Post-Modernism, the absence of any certainty, discredits the values of modernism, opposing the fixed principles of meaning and value. It is built on countless theories about society, the media and knowledge of the world, but it is also aware that there is no ultimate way of making sense of humanity. Ondaatje embraces aspects of post-modernism, by creating a novel that breaks away from the traditional narrative, thereby giving readers a greater perspective on the novel. One learns that any story is simply a storyteller's construction, and is never unbiased.
In literature, there is often a character who aims to achieve his goals using deception and trickery. Whether deception can be driven by desires that are morally wrong, such as greed or political power, it can often end up both hurting and helping others. While these characters can seem out of place, they often bring a significant meaning or theme. In the novel Catch-22, by Joseph Heller, the character of Milo Minderbinder employs deception as a means to satisfy his personal greed and yearning for power at the expense of others.
Catch-22 is perhaps Joseph Heller’s best known work. Catch-22, published in 1961, is a satire which depicts America’s counter-cultural antiwar attitudes. One terrifying aspect of Catch-22 is life and death is controlled not by the men in the squadron, but by the frightening bureaucracy which continually defies logic in order to achieve their own personal gains. Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the literary elements of characterization, conflict, and structure of a novel; and has received extensive and through criticism.
Catch-22 was written based off of Joseph Heller’s experience through WWII. After graduating from high school in 1941, Heller worked briefly in an insurance office, and in 1942 he enlisted in the Army Air Corps after America entered World War II. Catch-22 is a satire which makes fun of American bureaucracy for its incompetence and corruption.
In the 1950s, authors tended to follow common themes, these themes were summed up in an art called postmodernism. Postmodernism took place after the Cold War, themes changed drastically, and boundaries were broken down. Postmodern authors defined themselves by “avoiding traditional closure of themes or situations” (Postmodernism). Postmodernism tends to play with the mind, and give a new meaning to things, “Postmodern art often makes it a point of demonstrating in an obvious way the instability of meaning (Clayton)”. What makes postmodernism most unique is its unpredictable nature and “think o...
Moral is concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human characters. For the most part the characters in the novel Catch-22 were not moral. Most of the characters in the story were pretty crazy. For example Captain John Yossarian, a world world war 2 bombardier, he is stationed Island Pianosa. After a couple of missions he decides to seek protection of his own by faking that he was sick.
Postmodernism attempts to call into question or challenge the notion of a single absolute unified master narrative without simply replacing it with another. It is a paradoxical, recursive, and problematic method of critique.