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Diagnosis criteria for ptsd dsm 5 differential
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Josh has recently experienced a traumatic event in the loss of his fiancé. Since then he has quit his job, and moved back in with his parents. Josh presents symptoms that are consistent with the indicators of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has various criterion including exposure to a traumatic event, experiencing intrusive symptoms, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, negative changes in cognitions and mood, and changes in reactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). To meet a PTSD diagnosis, an individual must exhibit at least nine of the fourteen symptoms within the criterion (Beidel, Frueh, & Hersen, 2014). Symptoms typically occur within the first three months of the event; however, symptoms can be delayed in expression, and the disturbance lasts at least one month. …show more content…
According to Josh, the memories have been intrusive and he frequently feels like he is relieving the event, and has nightmares multiple times a week. Josh has also shown avoidance symptoms, he began by quitting his job due to his job being next door to the cafe where he witnessed his fiancé’s death, and has since avoided that entire part of town. Josh’s mood has also changed, he has become withdrawn, and emotionally flat. In addition, he has become noticeable irritable and ‘jumpy’. He has experienced these symptoms for at least one month, and it has shown significant distress in his social and occupational
He has experience a level of impairment for more than two weeks. Conrad shows signs of PTSD, which includes the re-experiencing the traumatic event, of the accident and sustained a high level of anxiety, with recurrent nightmares about his brother’s death.
Michael is a 56 year old male who lives alone in a small tin shed in the middle of the bush in central Queensland. He has no children, no partner and lives by himself. During the day he spends his time sleeping on the couch or doing chores around the property. If he isn’t asleep, he requires a stimuli to remain occupied. When he was a young boy, he was a very calm child with a great sense of humour. His physical health was perfect with good energy levels. When he was sexually abused at the age of 8, by his grandfather, these characteristics started to change. From the age of 16 he was having regular breakdowns in his thinking and emotional responses. Michael was constantly feeling irritable and having trouble sleeping with frequent nightmares. As the years went by his attitude was extremely negative which led on to him being withdrawn from his family and friends. During his last year of high school, he started to regularly use marijuana. He would experience countless amounts of paranoia episodes where he would hear voices and thought he was being spied on. At the age of 45 he was fin...
Antwone Fisher presents characteristics consistent with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 271). The American Psychiatric Association described the characteristics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, as “the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to one or more traumatic events” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 271). The American Psychological Association (2013) outlines the criterion for diagnosis outlined in eight diagnostic criterion sublevels (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, pp. 271-272). Criterion A is measured by “exposure to actual or threatened” serious trauma or injury based upon one or more factors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.
Charles has agreed to medication protocol of Haldol injections and Resperadol. He adamantly refuses psychotherapy. While hospitalized Charles makes reference to being sexually abused he refuses to go into depth or give specifics. Prior to the diagnosis Charles’s mother reports became withdrawn at the age of seven Charles’s father died in a car accident.
Separating between normal bereavement and permanent trauma is a great observation and appropriate when treating
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), originally associated with combat, has always been around in some shape or form but it was not until 1980 that it was named Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and became an accredited diagnosis (Rothschild). The fact is PTSD is one of many names for an old problem; that war has always had a severe psychological impact on people in immediate and lasting ways. PTSD has a history that is as long and significant as the world’s war history - thousands of years. Although, the diagnosis has not been around for that long, different names and symptoms of PTSD always have been. Some physical symptoms include increased blood pressure, excessive heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, nausea, diarrhea, problems with vision, speech, walking disorders, convulsive vomiting, cardiac palpitations, twitching or spasms, weakness and severe muscular cramps. The individual may also suffer from psychological symptoms, such as violent nightmares, flashbacks, melancholy, disturbed sleep or insomnia, loss of appetite, and anxieties when certain things remind them such as the anniversary date of the event (Peterson, 2009).
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is defined by our book, Abnormal Psychology, as “an extreme response to a severe stressor, including increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal.” In the diagnosis of PTSD, a person must have experienced an serious trauma; including “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.” In the DSM-5, symptoms for PTSD are grouped in four categories. First being intrusively reexperiencing the traumatic event. The person may have recurring memories of the event and may be intensely upset by reminders of the event. Secondly, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, either internally or externally. Third, signs of mood and cognitive change after the trauma. This includes blaming the self or others for the event and feeling detached from others. The last category is symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity. The person may experience self-destructive behavior and sleep disturbance. The person must have 1 symptom from the first category, 1 from the second, at least 2 from the third, and at least 2 from the fourth. The symptoms began or worsened after the trauma(s) and continued for at least one
After a baseball game, Brian’s absentee father was a no-show to pick him up. The coach offered to take Brian home, as well as one of his teammates, Neil. However, before they could be driven home, the coach made a stop at his house. While in the coach’s house, the coach used Neil to manipulate Brian and make him believe that the sexual things were going to be fun and normal. During this time Brian becomes distant and just by looking into his eyes you can see him fading away. The second time we see Brian sexually abused was on Halloween night; Brian was scared of a haunted house, once he got separated from his sister he decided to walk through the woods alone. Brian runs into the coach, who once again sexually abuses him. Both times Brian see’s something blue and represses the memory of the sexual abuse. The symptoms Brian shows after both sexual counters are consistent with children who have gone through traumas. Brian has repressed the experiences and can now only remember a blue hand. He is aware of the fact that something happened, but can’t recall all of the details. Brian begins to experience a variety of symptoms: he wet the bed, had constant nosebleeds for ten years, and was scared of the dark. He does not understand his blackouts and suspected that aliens had abducted him. This is called traumatic amnesia, which is created to explain the
The article under review is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, Change, and Conceptual Considerations by Anushka Pai, Alina M. Suris, and Carol S. North in Behavioral Sciences. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault (U.S. Department VA, 2007). PTSD can happen to anyone and many factors can increase the possibility of developing PTSD that are not under the person’s own control. Symptoms of PTSD usually will start soon after the traumatic event but may not appear for months or years later. There are four types of symptoms of PTSD but may show in different
There are many different causes of PTSD such as sexual abuse, sudden death of a loved one, and war. Trauma affects people in different ways, some can develop it from watching a fellow soldier being killed, and some can develop it from losing their jobs or a divorce. Being diagnosed with PTSD is a difficult process because there are many other psychological disorders whose symptoms can overlap and are very similar. An important fact to remember is that PTSD doesn’t just affect the person suffering; it can also have secondhand effects on their spouses, children, parents, friends, co-workers, and other loved ones. Although there is no direct cure, there are many treatment and alternative treatment options to assist them in moving forward after a trauma.
Clinical hypnosis would help the narrator by accessing this memories hidden deep within his mind. Another thing it can help him with his control his problems, like his anger. Also by mixing the two treatments, the period where the two alters fuse will be a lot easier. I feel the narrator could improve a lot in time if he sticks with the treatments. Also, not abusing any drugs before hand helps a lot, since we will not need to waste any time weaning him off the
The second category symptom for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the avoidance symptoms. This is where the person who has experienced the trauma stays away from places that may trigger his or her memory to the event that caused the trauma. The person also may seem emotionless. He or she may not want to experience that feeling again so he or she become emotionally numb to everything going on around them. The person may also feel a great amount of guilt, depression or worry. He or she may also lose interest in activities that he or she found to be fun before the traumatic event. He or she may have trouble remembering the event. Things that remind he or she of the event may cause avoidance symptoms. This can cause he or she to can change his or her everyday routine to avoid something that triggers rememberance of the event.
PTSD symptoms usually occur within the first three months after a trauma. One of the many signs that I noticed was his negative alterations and mood
The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women after Spousal Emotional Abuse by Gayle L. Reed and Robert D. Enright presents a study which compares forgiveness therapy with an alternative treatment (anger validation, assertiveness, interpersonal skill building) for emotionally abused women who had been indelibly separated for 2 or more years (Reed and Enright, 2006). The study included 20 psychologically abused women. Participants lived in Midwest cities, ranged in age from 32 to 55 and self-reported themselves ethnically as European American (90%), Hispanic (5%) and Native American (5%)(Reed and Enright, 2006). The participants were self-selecting volunteers of whom 90% responded via newspaper advertisement and 10% via recruitment flyers and time since spousal separation ranged from 2 to 10 years (Reed and Enright, 2006). Authors hypothesized that participants would demonstrate less negative features such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms and more positive features such as self-esteem, environmental mastery, and finding meaning in suffering when treated with forgiveness therapy than participants who engaged in an alternative treatment.
After experiencing a distressing event the individual does not recover like most people do. The person experiences symptoms like the “fight or flight” response even though they are no longer in danger.