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Teaching and learning theories why are they important
Effects of lack of discipline in schools
Teaching and learning theories why are they important
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Encouraging all students
In an article I read,______, by_______, it talks about a plan to have structured classroom management. The first part of Rogers’ plan gives techniques used to prevent discipline problems. Students should feel safe, be treated with dignity and respect and have the right to learn. Secondly, In order to establish a learning environment, students need to feel safe physically and emotionally; they need to treat each other with respect. Thirdly, being consistent with your rules that you really want to establish. One must make sure which rules you want your kids to obey and you must be absolutely consistent in letting them know what is appropriate or not. Lastly, establishing attention is very important . Establishing attention
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It is an awesome tactic for the teacher because it resolves the issue immediately. For some students , this tactic doesn’t work. Students with behavioral difficulties need a different type of tactic to help encourage good behavior. Positive reinforcement is an effective way of improving the overall behavior of all students in the classroom .By controlling access to all reinforcers they remain effective. Without control, reinforcers will lose their effectiveness as behavior change agents. Some positive reinforcers listed in an article I read, Positive Reinforcements , by Kansas University , “access to desired activities such as computer time, free assignment coupons, or chat time with a friend, and …show more content…
Those learning theories are social learning theories which “focuses on the effects of thought on action and action on thought”, cognitive learning theories that “emphasizes unobservable mental processes that people use to learn and remember new information or skills” and behavioral learning theories which involve learning through observing others’ behaviors and stimulating motivation to learn through limited rewards and consequences. ( Slavin 2017, pp 97-100 )
Slavin states “motivation is one of the most important ingredients of effective instruction. Students who want to learn can learn just about anything” (Slavin, 2017 p 246). It is important to understand the different types of motivation and reinforcers involved in learning theories because every student is motivated differently. Which brings me to my next sub topic.
Engaging Students in Learning, Building Self-Efficacy and
In second grade I was apart of a wild classroom. Their was a lot of chaos from all the young children. My teacher struggled to get everyone on task and to complete our work. After some time my teacher decided to make up a reward system (positive reinforcement). The children in the classroom were able to earn tickets for doing their homework, being respectful, and many other things. We were able to save these tickets and cash them in on fridays for treats, toys, or even sometimes extra recess. The teacher had a separate system for when we misbehaved. There were 3 colors you could earn everyday. If you weren’t on task, out of your seat, or just being disruptive she would change your color from green to yellow. If it happened again you got a red card and lost your tickets you earned for that day. This is a perfect example of positive punishment. It gave each child an opportunity to earn tickets for good behavior, and a warning system with the cards that possibly would lead to losing your earned tickets. Our teacher was using operant conditioning to produce a change in our
Positive reinforcement works by presenting something positive to the person after a desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when a child helps their mother with the dishes and the mothers rewards the child with ice cream. Negative reinforcement, is when a behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when the light goes green at a traffic light, the car in front of a person does not move. The person hates when this happens and from experience knows that honking the car’s horn gets cars that are in front of them to go
Positive feedback is all about promoting change in the behavior. I was raised within a household that rely on negative feedback and punishment to promote good behavior. Sometimes I did reward my nephews for positive behaviors but it was not done continuously or in a way that would result in positive behavior change. I come to believe that negative reinforcement was the key to ameliorating bad behaviors until I took notice the positive feedback I was given minimizes the bad attitudes and behaviors of the children. They were getting along well and whenever I praise one the others wanted to get that praise also, I believe that motivate them to behave appropriately. For instance, when one did a good deed I would make all the other clap while saying “well done” or something positive. It was a very long process because children do not change their ways from one day to the next, I couldn’t say I was very patience but see them attempt to better themselves, was what motivate
Out of positive reinforcement and punishment only the reinforcement was successful for my behaviour modification. I believe this was the case for a number of reasons but dominantly because the positive punishment had a lack of severity. The reason I came to this conclusion was because I realized in the case of positive reinforcement if I committed the operant response at least once my entire day of hard work would be ruined. When I made the switch to positive punishment I realized in the eventuality I performed the operant response I could just do the 50 push ups and be done with it. Upon comparison of my success and failure I reflected and realized if the punishment was more severe than 50 push ups I would not do it for actual fear and reluctance of doing the positive punishment. For example if the punishment was a 1000 push ups each repeated operant response I would most likely not bite my nails. I did enjoy the modified behaviour as my nails seemed fuller and less scarred but it was not long of an experiment enough so refraining from biting my nails was still a conscious action and took a lot of effort.
Behaviorism, or learning theory is one of three “grand theories” of human development. The focus of behaviorism is observable behavior, with no reference to mental processes. As a learning theory behaviorism, assumes that learning occurs via interactions with the environment, through the process of conditioning.
As teachers, we are often expending more of our energy than is necessary by not taking time to implement a more comprehensive approach toward behavior management. In many cases one will need only a few of these strategies in place to create a positive behavioral support plan.
I believe every student is entitled to a safe learning environment where they can reach their full potential academically and behaviorally. Students will reach their full potential in a positive learning environment. The positive learning environment will be established from the beginning of the year providing a lasting impact on the students academic, and behavior performance throughout the entire year. The positive learning environment will be a classroom setting, which allows students to feel welcomed, safe, and important on daily basis allowing learning to occur to its fullest potential. To ensure my students are in a positive learning environment there must be a behavior management plan clearly explaining the expectations I have for my students. Throughout my behavior management plan I will explain how I plan to implement expectations so students act accordingly. My behavior management plan will be individually tailored to my students allowing me to push them to their fullest potential to by taking into consideration each student’s behavior and personal needs.
If a child is doing well at school and brings home a report card that is all A’s, the parent may reward the child. The reward must be something the child will find desirable. If the parent gives the child a snickers bar and the child is allergic to peanuts, this will obviously not be a reward for the child. The positive reinforcer is often called the operant reinforcer, which is any event that follows a response and increases its probability of occurring again. Negative reinforcement is any aversive stimulus that, when removed from the situation, increases the probability that immediately proceeding behavior will occur.
First of all, I was highly interested in the concept and various factors that together make up positive reinforcement. I had a premise that I could do some experimental work on the three children for whom I baby-sit during the week after school. They leave school full of energy and it is my job to get them to complete a series of tasks before the end of the evening. I imagined that some positive reinforcement might get them on their way to handling their responsibilities in a timelier manner. My first step was to come up with a specific instrumental response that would produce reinforcement. This took no time at all because by far the most painfully difficult thing for me to do is get the children to sit down and do their homework. I then spoke specifically to each child and asked them what they would rather choose as an after school activity. They named video games, television, and going to play with other neighborhood children. I had expected these types of answers from the children and made them into the positive reinforcers that would be contingent on the children’s performance of the instrumental response; namely completing their homework. I explained to the children that if they behaved and finished their homework, then directly following they could spend an hour doing an activity of their choice.
...of teaching and learning. Modeling is a good way to promote learning. The teachers can use modeling to promote desired behavior. Teachers can enhance self-efficacy among students by teaching basic knowledge and then skills to mastery. Teacher can assure students that they can be successful and point other successful students like them who have been successful by using the techniques provided by the teacher (Ormrod, 2011). Teachers can promote self-regulated learning by encouraging students to set goals and performing self-evaluation. To conclude social cognitive theory describes learning as an internal phenomenon that may or may not be reflected in behavior and people’s observation of those around them affect their behavior and cognitive processes (Ormrod, 2011).
If he is on task, reading along, listening and not talking to others, the teacher will reinforce him by thanking him after the lesson for following along and giving him a punch on his punch card. I can use this in my practicum with off task behaviors during a lesson. I will focus on reinforcing a positive on task behavior by noticing when the negative behavior does not occur. Another example of differential reinforcement of other behavior I have seen in my practicum is during small group math lessons. For small group math lessons, the teacher will ask a small group of students math problems to solve and the students will write down on a whiteboard their work and answer.
.... I feel that in most cases, once a student has been punished through negative reinforcement for doing wrong, the student will attempt to correct such behavior in the future to avoid punishment. In addition, positive reinforcement should be given for those students who are the majority and behave, as well as for the students who are occasional troublemakers because positive reinforcement helps show what is correct behavior in response to bad behavior.
According to the article "From Positive Reinforcement to Positive Behaviors: An Everyday Guide for the Practitioner” (2005), positive reinforcement is used to focus on and encourage a behavior “with hopes that the desired behavior will increase” (Sigler and Aamidor, 2005, p. 2). It can be used to address different problems with behavior and is an efficient way to promote acceptable behavior. Positive reinforcement will help a child identify the desired behavior and validate them. Many parents use this in hopes of turning the bad actions into good ones. They come in various forms and can be used for different purposes.
Lastly discipline is another very important responsibility. The best thing to do is to pick your battles, because if you are constantly saying “no” your child will tune it out. You also have to be consistent. For example, you can’t let your child eat candy before dinner one night and then tell them not to the next night, you will be sending them mixed signals.
Many may perceive it is useless or even detrimental. Positive reinforcement is a very simple approach to discipline, which is why its effectiveness may often be questioned. However its value in correcting behavior in young children has been proved effective. Positive reinforcement is simply is the act of attending to appropriate behavior, while attempting to ignore the inappropriate behavior (from positive reinforcement: to positive behavior). There are four significant points to positive reinforcement that must be highlighted.