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Final Exam Review Of Catholic Church History
The relationship between a state and a church
The relationship between a state and a church
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Recommended: Final Exam Review Of Catholic Church History
Introduction:
Although the beginning of Church history began around 30 A.D., many events have taken part in the ushering of our faith and the history within it. Practicing my religion daily, I take part in the common aspects of religion, such as prayer, receiving the sacraments, and attending Church. Catholicism has been a part of my life since I was born, starting with my baptism, yet I truly never understood the history behind it. Learning about Church history, I was significantly interested in papal Bull’s over any other topic. I wanted to learn more about their issuing, and the impacts that they had on the religion that I have been practicing daily since Kindergarten.
When I learned about Pope Clement XII’s issuing of the papal bull in Eminenti, I was intrigued from the start. Having prior knowledge of Pope Clement XI and Pope Clement XII, I knew that tolerance was not a popular aspect of their lives, and I knew that the Bull in Eminenti significantly would have an impact on the Catholic culture and Church History. As I read more in depth about the bull, I realized the strength within it. I wondered:
Did Pope Clement XII let his emotions affect the issuing of the papal bull in Eminenti?
The purpose of this question is to quench the personal interest that I have in Church history. As we began more dive more and more into Church history, my interest skyrocketed. I hope to learn more about the struggles that were overcome in Catholicism. The turmoil that stood as a result of the “church vs state” tension also gave me a purpose to learn more about how the present separation of Church and State began. Making the right decisions has not always been my best quality, and knowing that I am not alone, I evaluated Pope Clement X...
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... a level of peace in Freemasonry. Did they try to achieve peace? It seems that within religion, they did not try very hard to achieve peace, instead, they legally were forced to follow Pope Clement’s, Bull in Eminenti.
Not only did the interest between Freemasonry and Christianity create questions, but my emerging uncertainty from the beginning towards Pope Clement XII’s decision created several questions. Was he a good Pope in general? Professor Burshe tells us that “His experience in the Papal government made him shrewder than his predecessor, but his age and health greatly handicapped him.” Seventy-nine at his election, Clement soon went completely blind. Did his handicaps and age affect his position as Pope? My questions were not answer about his judgements politically, but his judgements toward religion were evident as “he did much to beautify Rome”
Throughout the ten-century, particularly in France, the world had become an extremely violent place. Feudal Knights were often quarreling over land possession, looting, and looking to lay people to provide them with sustenance . Likewise, the power of these knights and the extent of violence flourished due to the increasingly lacking power and authority of the kings . The Church, in an attempt to halt the violence and anarchy attempted to take control and issued such concepts as “the Peace of God” . Similarly, at this time other movements for peace by the Church were underway, and one of the commonly held ideas was the need to transform the world to more “monkish ideals”. From these ideals also sprouted the concept of the laity having “God-given functions to perform, functions that could include fighting to protect the Church”. Pope Leo IX (1049-1054) is an example of this idea; he often used militia to fight against his opponents. In the early eleventh century, there came a pivotal figure in the ideas of Church sanctioned war, Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085). Pope Gregory was involved in the Investiture Contest, and soon turned to scholars to seek out “justification for his conviction that violence could be used in defense of the Church and could be authorized by it”. The movements generated by Pope Gregory, as well as the results of the Inve...
Pope Urban II naturally had a religious control over his people and when he gave his speech at the Council of Clermont in November 1905, he constantly referred to it as the will of God. His speech reminded them that the Crusades were their “concerns as well as God’s” . Throughout his speech, the Pope is constantly trying to align the need for men to fight with t...
Dr. Kaplan seeks first to establish a foundation of why religious tolerance was so difficult to obtain in the early modern era. One common sentiment amongst folks during the early modern period was that a religion was what held a community and state together. Because of this view religion and civic matters were almost entirely int...
Roles of the Catholic Church in Western civilization has been scrambled with the times past and development of Western society. Regardless of the fact that the West is no longer entirely Catholic, the Catholic tradition is still strong in Western countries. The church has been a very important foundation of public facilities like schooling, Western art, culture and philosophy; and influential player in religion. In many ways it has wanted to have an impact on Western approaches to pros and cons in numerous areas. It has over many periods of time, spread the teachings of Jesus within the Western World and remains a foundation of continuousness connecting recent Western culture to old Western culture.-
Within any body, such as the Catholic Church, there will never be complete concurrence of opinion on any issue, ideology, or even fact. This holds true for even basic tenets of the Catholic tradition, tradition here referring to an argument extended through time in which certain fundamental agreements are defined and redefined. Examples of this tradition, and its defining and redefining, would be the evolvement of Scriptural interpretations or the Catholic Church’s positions on matters ranging from climate change to civil rights. This defining and redefining because of tradition is central to the progress and amelioration of the Catholic Church and the faith as a whole because it provides a multitude
The prestige of papacy has faltered many times during the History of the Roman Catholic Church. One of the largest issues with papacy prior to the time of reformation was the influence of France on the church. Throughout history countries or monarchies have often fought for power and influence over the church and state. For a period of time, the papacy left residency in Rome and moved to Avignon, France due to France’s strength influence of the popes of the time. The results of this residency would affect both the church and all people in the surrounding areas. Not only that, but the effects lasted well on past the residency eventually leading to the Great Schism. In order to understand the effect of Avignon papacy it is important to
Beginning in the very end of the Early Middle Ages and after Charlemagne, Western Europe’s economic and social systems were based around feudalism. Feudalism lasted until the 12th century, but during the High Middle Ages the relationship between feudalism and Catholicism changed. Beginning in the 10th century and continuing into the High Middle Ages, the Church was much more resistant to secular control. At the end of the 11th century, Pope Gregory VII wrote the “Dictatus Papae,” a document that expressed these views.
Faithful members of the Catholic church such as Desiderius Erasmus criticized the temporal practices of the church and its members. Erasmus took issue with the theologians believing them to be a “race of men...incredibly arrogant and touchy.”1 He was disgusted with the use of power by the e...
She examines 6 popes between 1470-1530 who she claims lead in a way similar to politicians. They lost touch with the common people both emotionally and intellectually. A little known cleric led the revolution challenging papacy that culminated in the reformation of the church. In that context, Barbara outlines that the popes were venal, immoral, and their power politics was calamitous. The faithful were distressed by their leadership, which ignored all the protests and the signs that a revolt was coming. In the end, the papal constituency lost almost half of its followers to Protestants. Barbara says that these people were driven by the greed and the urge to create a family empire that would outlive them. This chapter sums up the essence of folly in these major failures, lack of a fixed policy, over extravagance, and the illusion that their rule was
Shuck, M. That They May Be One: Social Teaching of the Papal Encyclicals, 1749-1891. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press. 1991.
Reforms such, as “Council of Trent 1545-1563” was one of the largest reforms inside the Roman Catholic Church. ‘’This council defined traditional Catholic theology and condemned the Protestants. It also laid out guidelines for internal reform for the Church. Its goals were to fight corruption in the Church and to define what exactly it means to be Catholic and why’’. “The Council of Trent asserted a few things. It reasserted the authority of the pope, stated that the Latin Vulgate was the only true canon of the Church, stated that only the Roman Catholic Church had the right to interpret Scripture, it reaffirmed the practice of indulgences but discouraged their sale, reaffirmed the seven sacraments of the Church, reaffirmed traditional Catholic theology, and created the Index of Prohibited Books in order to limit the circulation of heretical ideas”. Foundations and ideas in the Roman Catholic church where established and changed for the future during this
The church had managed to have gained to power to meddle in the affairs of nearly every Catholic kingdom. In the majority of Catholic kingdoms, one could not be crowned without Papal approval. The church also became an institution that was inconceivably rich from all the contributions it received from the various states clustered together from Poland-Lithuania to the Iberian Kingdoms, and from the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily to the far north of Scandinavia. The Pope had amassed a vast territory for the church, as it only grew in size and strength. As his influence grew, the church began to devise some new ideas, which disenfranchised some of its believers. One of the most often cited criticisms of the Catholic church was the selling of indulgences, or essentially buying one’s way into heaven. (Empires: Martin Luther – Driven to Defiance
As many things define the distinct characteristics of history, the Christian church has made a remarkable milestone especially during the Middle Ages. Christianity’s emergence as an official religion influenced not only the church, it enabled people to look beyond the obsession of power and worldly pleasures, but to a final and ultimate reward for a life well spent. Everybody put their faith in the hope and love of the Christian God. It gave the people goals and led them to the right path, yet why is it looked down upon so harshly? Maybe it was because of the wealth it exemplified, or the deterioration of morality in the popes. One can heedlessly conclude that the Medieval church was corrupt and unholy, but that would not justify its existence. Accordingly, the church was just trying to adjust itself to an age of chaos and uncertainty.
When St. John XXIII announced the Second Vatican Council (hereafter VC II) in 1959, he caught the Catholic world by surprise; no one expected that he would cause upheaval in the Catholic Church. I believe that VC II’s legacy is not strictly restricted to the Church’s doctrine, the liturgical changes that came out of the council signalled the Church’s willingness to reform itself to grow with post World War II society. Prior to VC II the mass not the all-inclusive experience associated with the modern Church: the priest did not address the congregation directly and the mass was said in Latin, the vernacular of the Middle Ages. When the mass was in Latin parishioners would not listen to the scripture readings, taking the opportunity to say prayers,
Early in history, the Roman papacy consolidated its power. It became one of the most influential organizations in the medieval period. This rise to power resulted from the decline in the Western Empire, the leadership of Roman bishops, and special grants that gave the church land holdings. This rise to power caused some positive ramifications, such as the protection of the church from heresy. However, the absolute power of the pope also caused corruption and abuses, many of which would eventually spark the reformation.