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The role of media in political campaigns
Media impact on politics
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In democratic societies where debates usually occur before elections, political campaigns encourage not only free election, but also considerable investments through advanced management tools. Electoral campaigns have shown a great importance in terms of a politicians disclosure strategies and the decisiveness of voters. Political campaigns, as method of communication to the general public is an important element in the electoral process, especially concerning gaining the support of the voters. Research on political campaigns has revealed that during elections, some politicians’ exhibit negligence concerning requirements and needs of some voters. According to A. Holdbrook, “politicians may not pander to the public when it comes to the policies that they advocate, but there is evidence that they at least attempt to pander to the emotions of the electorate during political campaigns” (15). Although political campaigns and election can be involve in positive effects, such as in many democratic societies, where every citizen is enfranchised with the right to vote, also they can involve negative consequences, especially regarding to squandering money that could be allocated elsewhere, leadership issues, and fallacious claims that plague the campaign and the electoral process.
To begin with, the election in the campaign process and in democratic societies focuses on how each citizen has the right to vote, a potential for constructive change in leadership, whereby the voters are appealed to, in terms of political party affiliations. Jim Grenada and M. Wong reports that, “campaign advertisement define the new position or drawing policy distinction from the opponent and also have potential influence to the voters” (3). Democratic debates ...
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Brady, Henry E. and Johnston, Richard. “Capturing Campaign Effects.” University of Michigan Press, 2006. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
Franz, Michael M. and Ridout, Travis N. "Does Political Advertising Persuade?" Political Behavior 29.4 (2007): 465-91.ProQuest. Web. 24 Nov. 2013.
Holbrook, Ronald Andrew. "Emotion and Campaign Advertising: Causes of Political Anxiety a And its Effects on Candidate Evaluation." Order No. 3180123 The Ohio State University, 2005. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
Granato, Jim, and M. C. S. Wong. "Political Campaign Advertising Dynamics." Political Research Quarterly 57.3 (2004): 349-61. ProQuest. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
Lau, Richard R., Lee Sigelman, and Ivy Brown Rovner. "The Effects of Negative Political Campaigns: A Meta-Analytic Reassessment." The Journal of Politics 69.4 (2007): 1176-2 209. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
For instance, Menand writes, “The fraction of the electorates that responds to substantive political argument is hugely outweighed by the fraction that responds to slogans, misinformation...random personal association.” Mass voters mostly pursue the wrong or irrelevant information that are irrelevant to the election; thus lead them to vote for the candidates which they do not really want. Their choices mostly lack rationalities. Many voters who are slightly informative think that they are participating in a certain issue and considering the value of the candidates; yet most of them do not have adequate information and knowledge in understanding the meaning of political terms. Voters lack judgment on their government and candidates, their minds are easily being brainwashed by a small amount of people who has informative approaches in participating governmental issue, and affect their
The political cartoon by Nick Anderson depicts Ralph Nader standing at a podium addressing American society’s “throw away mentality”. Meanwhile a citizen in the background is casting her vote for the green party behind him. Ironically, the ballot drops into a waste basket, thus a wasted vote. We now realize that Nader is not talking about the environment, but addressing the issue of how the general public views votes for 3rd party candidates. This cartoonist feels that we should reform our views on 3rd party candidates and vote for who we think would make the best president, despite there chance of winning or not.
Often Advertising uses persuasion to inform the audience; in fact it is the most import aspect to advertising. Advertising would simply be a conversation between the communicator and their recipients if persuasion weren’t present. Although the basic purposes are to inform and persuade, it is left to the audience when it comes to differentiating between factual information and unethical persuasive tactics. The persuader, wishes for the consumer to act or believe in a certain way. Whether sought after actions are positive or negative, ends up being the question. In the modern world it has become more difficult to differentiate between truths and untruths; mainly due to the technological advances in advertising medium. Differentiating between facts and propaganda becomes increasingly more challenging when it comes to politics. Whether it is an election for student senate or the United States general election for Presidency; there are a lot of factors weighing in on the decision process. During an election year, persuasive tactics become essential in the success of a campaign. Although many voters have made up their minds when they are first bombarded by the political campaigning, these pre-developed opinions are not viewed as an impenetrable force by the campaigner. The campaigner typically recognizes these patterns in opinion and instead aims to persuade them from a different angle, most commonly the emotions surrounding the issues rather than the issues themselves. This paradigm changed in political persuasion was first seen September 7, 1964 when a rattling ad for Lynden Johnson played over NBC. The ad now known as “Daisy Girl” forever changed political persuasion in advertising. With this change came the issue of ethi...
It is very common among the United States’ political sphere to rely heavily on T.V. commercials during election season; this is after all the most effective way to spread a message to millions of voters in order to gain their support. The presidential election of 2008 was not the exception; candidates and interest groups spent 2.6 billion dollars on advertising that year from which 2 billion were used exclusively for broadcast television (Seelye 2008.) Although the effectiveness of these advertisements is relatively small compared to the money spent on them (Liasson 2012), it is important for American voters to think critically about the information and arguments presented by these ads. An analysis of the rhetoric in four of the political campaign commercials of the 2008 presidential election reveals the different informal fallacies utilized to gain support for one of the candidates or misguide the public about the opposing candidate.
Every four years during any US Presidential election overzealous patriotism hits an all time high, and it truly shows with the citizen turnout at the newly elected President’s inaugural ceremony. In the months leading up to election day, Presidential candidates attempt to persuade voters to cast ballots in their favor through different forms of advertising which contains strategic rhetoric and political language. Political language otherwise known as “political propaganda”, is designed to influence masses of people within a nation, and even across the globe. As Harry S. Truman stated during the National Conference on Family Life on May 6th, 1948: “the principal power that the President has is to bring people in and try to persuade them to do what they ought to do without persuasion”(Truman,Worksheet). The power that Truman spoke of is undeniable during any President’s inaugural address, which highlights the beginning of their term as the newly elected President, while addressing their plans for the people of the United States during the next four years. These addresses contain propaganda techniques that most listeners wouldn’t recognize as propaganda, including: glittering generalities, transfer, plain folks, card stacking, bandwagon, and testimonials.
In theory, political campaigns are the most important culmination of the democratic debate in American politics. In practice, however, the media shrouds society’s ability to engage in a democratic debate with unenlightening campaign coverage. Because of this, it is difficult—if not impossible—to have educated political discourse in which the whole, factual truth is on display. After years of only seeing the drama of presidential campaigns, the American public has become a misinformed people.
In addition, it isn’t feasible for a voter to comprehend the numerous offices and candidates in an election and how informed do voters need to be, in order for them to be confident in their choice. However, with the removal of straight-ticket voting, voter turnout may decrease, but the vote quality will increase due to an improved versed decision and in addition, an increase in the chance of a professional holding a government position. There are no excuses for voters to not be informed because there are various resources that determine an individual preferred political candidate. Through the use of the internet, websites offer political quizzes that matches a voter's beliefs with a candidate. For example, Isidewith.com is an online website that asks the participant various question about concerning issues in politics such as, abortion, , environmental, economic, and domestic policy issues. Based on the results, it will give the participant selections on the candidates that closely relates to their beliefs.
As easy as actors put on clothes and become a different person to film a movie, successful politicians appear much more heartfelt and honest as they are in real life. This is backed by the idea posed by Chris Hedges that “political leaders…..no longer need to be competent, sincere, or honest. They need only to appear to have these qualities.” If a politician were able to appear honest and heartfelt in a campaign event, they would much more likely to appeal to the audience and be able to win their trust and vote in some cases and succeed in winning an election to the benefit of the politician and not the audience. . Similar, posed propaganda and social medias of today are often used to exploit the audience and give them poorly supported feelings of support and trust for these political leaders.
The airing of presidential debates on television is another very crucial part of the election process today. They are a chance for the public to see the candidates speak about vital current issues and their stance on political subjects. They are also a major deciding factor for voters. For example we can contrast the election between Kennedy and Nixon in 1960 and the election between Gore and Bus...
“Negative advertising gets the supporters committed and excited” (Bike 1). What Bike is trying to say is that negative advertisement gets people excited and wanting to look into that specific person. This essay is going to be about how negative advertisement should be allowed. People should have the right to pledge whatever they want to pledge in. “ A ban on negative political advertising would open the political world up to those who don’t want to be expose themselves to media bullies” (Admin 2). I believe that if people are scared to expose themselves then they must have something to hide. Even though negative things said about those candidates are not true, I believe that negative political advertisement should be allowed because negative advertisement makes people want to look more into that specific candidate and we are emotionally attached to negativity.
Political advertising is a part of American politics that has been around for as long as this nation has existed. Yet, in 2003, a Washington Post article titled, "Unconventional Wisdom" by Richard Morin advocates that emotional manipulation through televised media is something that is new. It should be considered common knowledge that these advertisements have specific agenda to convince and influence the emotions of the viewer be telling half truths and using images with specific sound effects to generate desired emotional responses. It is obvious that political ads are not meant to educate at all but are just another medium to influence voters through emotional impact. But this should not be something that is considered new. Throughout all American history political parties have been playing to the emotions of the voter to achieve agendas. To understand how this is possible it is important to look at how political advertising is meant to be used and how it affects people that are exposed to it and how powerful of a tool it actually is. Next, it is advantageous to understand the history behind political advertising that has become such a major part of American culture. Finally, even with political agendas behind political advertisements there are positive side effects to their attempts at motivating the viewer to vote a certain way, including the spread of information that would otherwise never be shared. As long as the concentration is not on the negativity of such ads and the messages contained in them are taken in context then this American tradition of political mudslinging and cheerleading should be able to stay.
Running an election campaign is very strenuous and time consuming. In many ways it is a balancing act. One must deal with maintaining public visibility, appealing to the voters, developing a platform, kissing disgusting babies, and meeting as many people as possible. However, one of the most important and difficult parts of the job is raising money. Money is necessary for all parts of the campaign, and without it, a campaign can grind to a halt. In this paper I will attempt to explain how a candidate gets the money to campaign.
Voters of past and present have continuously remained bombarded by influences instigated by various dynamics that psychologically establish the mindset of a voter to poll for a specific candidate over the opponent candidate. These psychological dynamics are developed to increase turnouts and enhance the image of each candidate. There are debates and disputes within the political science community as to what factors cause the greatest impact in a voter’s mind; however, these superb minds have established three theories that are proven to have a tangible impact on the people of our nation. One element is called a party identification, which references with a political party that an individual identifies with during election year. In addition to this aspect, the personal backgrounds of a voter is an extensive contributor to the instituting of one’s political party identity. The second theory relates to the candidate’s manner in which he/she addresses the public on state issues that our nation faces and its desired actions. The final element is the candidates’ identity. A candidate needs to launch a distinct personality in which one will be
The democratic government in place in the United States of America allows all Americans to have their say in what occurs in this country. Through the power of the vote, Americans can decide who they want to represent them in every level of the government. Getting elected, however, is not as easy as it sounds. It would reasonable to assume that a candidate would be elected to their position if they are more qualified than their opponents. This however is becoming less and less true. Nowadays, instead of always voting for the person who is the best at handling their prospective job, people are voting for candidates who handle themselves the best during the campaign. The candidate who is the most charismatic, funny, and outgoing is usually the person who is going to get elected. This is becoming particularly true in the case of many celebrities who have entered the field of politics. Although these people, who have gained fame in another field, are not as qualified for the job as others in the election, they find themselves capturing the majority of the vote anyway.
What Is Politics On hearing the word politics, what usually springs to mind are images of government, politicians and their policies or more negatively the idea of corruption and dirty tricks. The actual definition seems to have been obscured and almost lost by such representations and clichés that tend not to pinpoint the true essence, which defines this thing, called politics. In order to make an attempt at a definition of politics a systematic approach is required. To begin with, a brief historical overview will be considered, to understand the origins of politics. Following this, different core concepts, which are imperative to a definition of politics, will be discussed, in the hope to discover a true and fair interpretation of the word politics.