Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The goals of the interrogation
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The goals of the interrogation
Crime is an lasting societal dilemma. Therefore, we rely on law enforcement authorities to soothe crime and protect and serve the citizens of our neighborhoods. A main aspect in the cutback of crime and shaping guilt is suspect interrogation. Consultation is vital to the art of interrogation. In modern years, specific interrogation strategies have come under remarkable examination in terms of compassionate behavior of people. Especially with all the unconventional procedures exercised in inspecting terrorists. The main goal in examining this topic is to determine what consultation approaches are frequently used for suspect interrogation and police authorize interviews. More exclusively, how oral ferociousness and cognitive complexity correlated …show more content…
Both are straightforward ways of attaining information, absorbing persistent discussions. Equally have the same principle and consequence. However, there are separate alterations between the two. There are copious interrogation tactics that authorities use, which are: direct confrontation, theme development, dealing with resistance, alternative questions, and developing details. There is an absolute relationship between cognitive complexity and communication effectiveness, it can be anticipated that officers with a elevated level of cognitive complexity are triumphant at interrogating. Nonetheless, many people presuppose that interrogating officers are verbally hostile, yet humans who are mainly aggressive have reduced communication skills. An interrogation is in essence an interview. Although contrasting predictable interviews, interrogations are repeatedly superficial as much more intimidating, opposed, and conceivably. They begin much like traditional interviews. The straightforward goal is to acquire and protect information. Authorities do this by having the interviewer ask questions and use decisive conversation tactics. According to recent research, interrogations have specific interaction goals. The involved parties converse about topics of interest. While interrogations and interviews equally use calculated communication techniques, it is imperative to comprehend how interviews and …show more content…
A acknowledgment is contaminated when questions arise that use certain crime scene statistics and results. For example, crime scene photos that are never made unrestricted may be exposed to the suspect. In these cases, a guilty plead can no longer be measured suitable because the suspect become more knowledgeable on the crime through the interrogation and purely reiterate knowledge learned. Consequently, it could materialize that the suspect offered a plea when their interests were irritated by a desire to end the interrogation. As a result it is dangerous that the capable interrogator thinks swiftly and identifies a line of communication, or a suspect‘s behaviors. That will allow interrogators to decide if they should attempt a new approach or scheme. Verbally hostile consultations are frequently alleged as intimidating or at the very least uncomfortable. It can be harsh and attack people‘s self-concept. On the other hand, verbal aggressiveness has the ability, at times, to permit communicators to reach anticipated goals. For instance, a verbally aggressive individual may have the skills to force information from suspects because the other suspect feels endangered or terrified. In particular, authorities were troubled with understanding what type of communications are perceived as verbal aggressiveness. Aggression, forcefulness, and argumentativeness precisely
As a result of Ford’s threatening interrogatories, the four suspects made a false confession, in which they stated that they committed the murder. The tight, dark room and the long time the interrogatories took made the four men subject to Ford’s psychological abuse and falsely confessed. Most of them said that they told him what he wanted to hear. The author Chapman (2013) argued that, “psychological research is applied to interrogation, the result can be that the officer already believes that the suspect committed the crime and is not likely to take no as an answer,” (p.162).
The Central Park Jogger case is one of false confessions to a crime, with a little help from police, which the defendants did not commit. Evidence taken at the crime scene did exclude the defendants, however, because of videotaped confessions they were sentenced to prison for a crime they admitted to committing even though they did not. It was not until many years later did the original perpetrator step forward from prison to admit he was the one who committed the crime with evidence (DNA) and firsthand knowledge of the scene. The five original defendants were released from prison but until serving a lengthy term. There are cues that can be noticed when investigators are conducting preliminary interviews that have a very high rate of success in determining the guilt or innocence of an individual. Some of these cues may be verbal such as a rehearsed response (Kassin, 2005). Other types of cues may be nonverbal body language such as a slouching (Kassin, 2005).
The act of interrogation has been around for thousands of years. From the Punic Wars to the war in Iraq, interrogating criminals, prisoners or military officers in order to receive advantageous information has been regularly used. These interrogation techniques can range from physical pain to emotional distress. Hitting an individual with a whip while they hang from a ceiling or excessively questioning them may seem like an ideal way to get them to reveal something, but in reality it is ineffective and . This is because even the most enduring individual can be made to admit anything under excruciating circumstances. In the Fifth Amendment of the Bill of Rights there is a provision (“no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself” ) which reflects a time-honored common principle that no person is bound to betray him or herself or can be forced to give incriminating evidence. This ideology of self-incrimination has been challenged heavily over the past s...
The Reid Technique was born out of a compassionate man, John Reid, who had an interest in human behavior. In the 1930s, the primary tools used for interrogation consisted of intense and intimidating questioning, with the use of the very rudimentary polygraph technique. (Inbau, Reid, Buckley, & Jayne, 2013, p. vii) On a quest to find a technique that was more effective, Reid began to observe the behaviors of subjects who were interviewed or interrogated, and realized a distinct pattern of behaviors and a routine succession of those behaviors. (Inbau, Reid, Buckley, & Jayne, 2...
From the moment an innocent individual enters the criminal justice system they are pressured by law enforcement whose main objective is to obtain a conviction. Some police interrogation tactics have been characterized as explicit violations of the suspect’s right to due process (Campbell and Denov 2004). However, this is just the beginning. Additional forms of suffering under police custody include assaults,
The purpose or “goal of [an] interrogation is to facilitate the act of confessing [and obtaining truth]” (Leo & Thomas, 1998). The problem arises when an officer sits down with a suspect in an attempt to gain information or a confession; however, the suspect refuses to cooperate. So how can an officer facilitate the process and get a suspect to talk or even better, confess? Years ago this was accomplished by police through the use of force also known as police brutality. That practice has been abandoned due to the infringement of individual rights. Police were forced to seek an alternate means of obtaining information that did not rely on inhumane practices. This turnaround came in the form of trickery and deceit; called interrogatory deception. This type of psychological coercion is taught and practiced daily by today’s law enforcement. It is based on the utilitarian standpoint by police that the means justifies the outcome. This type of interrogation is performed in a way “which elicits admissions by deceiving suspects who have waived their right to remain silent” (Skolnick & Leo, 1992). For example, an officer co...
When situations occur that results in an arrest, some answers come from an offender as a result of someone being "interrogated” possibly is freely given. At the time when the officer saw Tom, the defendant was hovering over the victim and it was an instantaneous moment between the felon and the policeman. Nobody called the law at as a result of the incident. The officer was patrolling when he heard the woman scream, and he went to the back of house
As a goal, this thought paper aims to provide a guideline for police investigators to establish a better system of interrogation as a way to avoid false confessions. However, and being honest, it is difficult to change a system that has been based on old doctrines and practices, also known as the popular saying "that 's the way it 's always been done.” But, as its opposite says, “just because something’s always been done that way, doesn’t mean it should continue to be done that way,” and a clear example of this problem is the use of methods for interrogation purposes. The fact that the Reid technique is still being used to train police on how interrogations are carried out should be a topic of concern. As the journal paper on the Social Psychology of False Confessions mentions, the processes that involve the Reid technique are based on a book -Criminal Interrogations and Confessions- that was written in 1962 ( Kassin, 2015) Although it is currently in its fifth edition, we cannot be certain that the methods used by investigators in 1962 are still effective in 2016. Additionally, we cannot rely on this process of interrogation to assess whether a person is innocent or guilty because there is the chance that these old procedures could incite people to plead guilty and hence provide false confessions. To an extent, it is unbelievable that given the literature and material available on this topic, there have not been any progress in trying to change the way in which investigators interrogate people. From 1962 on, new areas of study in criminal law have been created and developed. Therefore, a group of specialists, such as investigators, psychologists, lawyers, judges, and others, should create a manual on interrogation methods less ba...
In several occasions, conflict occurs in the communication of one or two people. Several people have thought of conflict as cases involving pouring of furious anger in a communication process. Nonetheless, conflict is the misinterpretation of an individual’s words or values (Huan & YAzdanifard, 2012). Conflict can also be due to limited resources in an organization (Riaz & Junaid, 2010). Conflict may as well arise due to poor communication or the use of inappropriate communication channel of transmission of information between the involved parties. Management of conflict has various conflict management styles that include avoidance style, forcing style, passive-aggressive style, accommodating style, collaborating style and compromising style. Workplace conflict comes in two different kinds: task involving conflict, which focuses on the approaches used in resolving the problem and blaming conflict that has the aspects of blame and never brings element of resolving problems between the conflicting parties. In the perception of several individuals, relationship conflict is negative.
The interview is one of the most critical parts to successful police work, there are many things to take into consideration before beginning an interview, such as preparation, barriers to communication, listening, verbal and non-verbal communication, proxemics, and the location. An interview is usually the first opportunity for the officers to gather facts and information about the occurrence. Throughout the analysis of the following interview between an elderly lady that was assaulted and an interviewing officer, I am going to demonstrate the interviewer’s strengths, weaknesses, the pros and cons of the interview, the seven steps of a successful interview, and some suggestions the interviewer can better from for future interviews.
In order to decrease the amount of innocent people being incarcerated due to false confessions, methods of interrogation need to be taken into consideration and modified based on how that interrogation technique obtains a confession. New interrogation techniques need to show suspects that they do not need to provide a false confession to be able to go home (Gudjonsoon, 2003). There are various types of false confessions that need to be taken into consideration when modifying interrogation techniques, as they all have their own unique properties that allow them to differ from one another (Kassin, Appleby & Perillo, 2010). It is clear that false confessions seem unlikely to most people, but society needs to accept that they occur frequently in case law and therefore need to be taken seriously.
The scope of cognitive psychology is vast in relation to the public and police, particularly due to the fact that it is an individual process with many external mitigating factors. Therefore I have attempted to narrow the field and concentrate on a couple of specific examples of the use of cognitive psychology, while attempting to explain the theories behind the processes.
The purpose of this paper is to prove that certain steps out of the nine that are used in the Reid model of interrogation were used in the case of Colonel Russell Williams (specifically steps three through eight not including four). Evidence is pulled from a number of reliable peer reviewed sources, as well as the course textbook and specific videos. Then three different areas of police interrogations are analyzed specifically: investigator bias (otherwise known as assumption of guilt), false confessions, and different components of communication. It will be stated whether or not these factors were or were not present in the Russell Williams interrogation, as well as to what extent they were present if so.
At the most basic level, confrontation should be viewed as a tool used by social service professionals to explore differences and resolve possible conflicts between them and their client. The ability to confront a client is considered to be an advanced skill, but it is also an essential skill for a service worker. As stated prior, the social worker can use confrontations to establish discrepancies and promote understanding of differe...
Once the suspect is so distressed and cannot handle the interrogation anymore then the suspect confesses to the crime and uses the information that the officers fed to them in their confession, which makes the confession believable to other officers and even jurors. Research has shown that “confessions are powerful regardless of the pressure that was used to elicit them and regardless of whether they are consistent over time, accurate as descriptions of the crime, and retracted shortly after they are taken” (Kassin et al., 2010, p.