The main responsibility of the police is to stop the event of the criminal acts, and when it happens, rapidly establish the culprits and get-together solid confirmation that will affirm the blameworthy and punish the offender through the court (Villiers, 2009). To apply their power, police need to work as stated by the techniques of PACE (Police and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984). Police authorities are the rules for the police on the best way to apply the law to capture someone, or how to treat some individual when suspecting a criminal conduct. However police authorities are likewise a shield for the suspect, guaranteeing that the individual halted or captured by the police is dealt good and there is no abuse of human rights. The British police have the authorities presented by the legislature. The primary obligations of the cops is to ensure individuals and property, support open request, stop individuals violating the law and the capture them, and helping the individuals in need for help and furnishing them with data and counsel (Villiers, 2009).
Discussion
The reason for the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 was to bind together police controls under one code of practice and to deliberately adjust the privileges of the single person against the forces of the police (Zander, 2005). There are codes of practice that go with the Act to further clear up to cop the degree of their authorises.
At the point when the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) was passed in 1984 it was trusted that, whatever the benefits or generally of its changes to police forces and the privileges of suspects, it might in any event clear up the extent of these rights and power (Miller, 2010). This might help the police to know how far they could g...
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...orm someone of their arrest (Villiers, 2009).
Conclusion
Police and Criminal Evidence Act have changed police behaviour in many ways. With this act police has become more responsible in investigating a case. Public feel safer as they know that police is always there to look after any wrongdoing. People should keep in mind that every action police take is for people safety and wellbeing of the society. Freedom of expression and freedom to peaceful protest essential in democratic society But if exercising these rights interferes with others trying to exercise theirs, then public authorities should be given sufficient rights to help protects the rights of other individuals. To some people Police and Criminal Evidence Act might provoke different issue but everyone needs to understand police department is just doing their duty so whole society can enjoy their freedom.
There was very little structure to the justice system and due to it being so punitive, juries were reluctant to find people guilty of offences (Bentley, 1998). This period of time became known as ‘The Bloody Code’. Throughout The Bloody Code policing was entirely a local initiative, there was not a centralised police force. Constables, Watchmen and Amateur Justices were tasked with crime prevention, crime detection, and general public safety (Reiner, 2000). However, the Watchmen were branded ineffective and there was little to no public confidence in their use, they were ‘scarcely removed from idiotism’ (Critchley, 1978: 18) this view would makeweight of the orthodox perspective suggesting that the New Police were to bring competency and professionalism, attributes which clearly lacked within the private system. Another major issue that affected the public opinion of the private system was the employment of thief-takers. For example, Jonathan Wild, a private detective who was extremely corrupt. Wild stole items from individuals, and then took it upon himself to return these items for a large reward. The revisionist view is that corruption was not an
The duties of a police officer are to ensure that there is maintenance of public peace and order. In order to perform their duties and obligations they require certain powers, authority in order to perform their duties and this extends the power to arrest. This paper focuses on the decision of the court in DPP v Carr, the amendments on Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act (LEPRA) section 99 and a critical evaluation of statements made by Sentas and Cowdery.
They must also give details if an officer believes that the person was of any way a potential suspect or person of interest to an indictable offence where the officer, on reasonable grounds believes that the person was at or near the alleged offence when it occurred (Crimes Act section 563). If police officers come across anything of an illegal nature during the use of their powers which is not what they originally, set out to find. The person maybe immediately placed under arrest. Under Crimes Act section 352, (a,b) which states that any constable or other person may arrest without a warrant if the person has violated a law whether the offence be indictable or summary in nature. The police officer then may take him and any property found on him before a authorized justice to be dealt with according to the law.
A landmark case in Australia remains Ridgeway v R, a case considerably substantial as it caused a vast echo sufficient enough to cause legislation to be enacted. The facts in Ridgeway revolved around John Anthony Ridgeway, participating in controlled importation of 140.4 gram of Heroin into Australia. An informant remained unscathed by customs and delivered the drugs to Mr Ridgeway, leading to an arrest by the Australia Federal Police. Chief Justice Mason delivered a decision of Ridgeway not guilty, due to no evidence of the heroin being imported into Australia. The effect of the Ridgeway decision was that all evidence of the commission of an offence is liable to be excluded if that offence was the product of entrapment by law enforcement officers or agents. Presently in Commonwealth common law and statute systems it must be clarified that there is no defence for entrapment. Ridgeway caused an implementation of numerous statutory protections for police officers at Queensland and Commonwealth levels of government. Since Ridgeway, the Crimes Act 1994 has been amended to enact a scheme to authorize participation in otherwise unlawful activities for investigative purposes. Section 15G of the crimes act seeks ‘to provide for the authorisation, conduct and monitoring of controlled operations; to exempt from criminal liability and to indemnify from civil liability law enforcement officers.’ Consequent to this
The purpose of stop and search, an investigative tool to prevent crime is arguably different to the current practice of this procedure, current research suggests that it is used to gain intelligence and for social control (Bowling and Phillip, 2007). Following this, there is substantial evidence suggesting that thirty police forces have no understanding of how to use their powers to complete a stop and search (HMIC, 2013). Furthermore, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984, c60) states that a police officer can only stop and search a citizen if they have reasonable grounds to suspect they have stolen or prohibited items on their person. However, statistical evide...
The police records crime reported by the public in 43 police force areas and provides these data to the Home Office and for their Basic Command Units. These data provide a wealth of statistical information on recorded crime rates and possibly identify long-term trends in recorded crime rates. Due to such data collecting process, how crime being reported by the victims or witnesses and recorded by the police may affect the accuracy of such official statistics. Thus, however, the main drawbacks of this kind of statistics are excluding crimes that are not discovered, reported or recorded. Firstly, some criminal activities are not witnessed or discovered then not recorded officially by the police. According to Croall (1998), a crime being counted officially should be perceived and recognised by a member of the public, a victim or law enforcement officers. For example, white –collar crimes such as fraud or misuse of expense accounts may not be discovered easily. Therefore, crimes that are not be seen may be uncounted in the official crime
...T., Reiner, R. (2012) ‘Policing the Police’ in The Official Handbook of Criminology. Ed. By Maguire, M., Morgan, R., Reiner, R. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 806- 838
The following year the Metropolitan Police Act was passed, and by September the 'Bobbies ' or 'Peelers ' were on the streets. They were not always successful, certainly they were not popular, but the force proved to be the foundation of the modern police force in Britain.” The Metropolitan Police Act secured the standards that formed present day English policing. To begin with, the essential method for policing was a visible presence of uniformed police. Also, order and control were to be kept up through a centralized, pseudo-military authoritative structure. Today, the nine principles that Sir Robert Peel formed can be seen throughout the world, within the law enforcement
The need for the police and the public to work together was recognized as far back as the 19th century. In 1829, the Metropolitan Police of London was established by Sir Robert Peel. Peel worked in many areas of government during his career striving to pass legislation to reform child labor laws and other statutes to help protect working Londoners. However, he is recalled by many as the “Founder of Modern Policing” (Jones, 2004). During his time as British Home Secretary, Peel took on lowering London’s rising crime rate, in addition to reforming the criminal code of the time. Peel’s police force was uniformed and its members were taken from the people it served. He believed this, along with strict discipline, was a key to keeping law and order in the streets of London (Jones, 2004).
American law enforcement agencies are based off the English models which began in the early 1800’s. In 1829, the English Parliament passed the Metropolitan Police Act (Walker, 1983). Sir Robert Peel who has been credited as the father of modern policing introduced this act to Parliament (Walker, 1983). This act established the London Metropolitan Police which was the model for American policing. This method of policing incorpor...
Before the Police and Criminal Evidence Act was implemented it has long been established from common law, from as early as the 18th
This essay will critically discuss the importance of police ethics in relation to stop and search. Police ethics explained in dictionaries are a set of principles of right conduct, a theory or a system of moral values, the rules or standards governing the conduct of a persons or members of a profession. As a police officer you are holding a higher standard than the public is. You take an oath to protect and serve and part of your duties as an offices is to be above reproach on duty and off duty. All 43 police forces in UK have rules for officers to regulate what you can and cannot do as an officers. This regulations in essence is to protect the police force and the responsibilities as a police officer you must be aware of
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