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Relationship between crime and media
Relationship between media and crime essay
An essay on media and crime
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Police Powers in N.S.W
The Police Force in N.S.W must have sufficient powers so that they are
able to enforce the law properly and effectively for the safety of the
community and its occupants.
Powers, which provide Police to maintain and enforce the law, include:
stop search powers, powers of arrest, move on powers, confiscation
powers and the power to obtain personal details along with various
others.
Search powers permit police officers, for example, who have reasonable
cause to suspect that a person has unlawful custody of a dangerous
implement, to search the person and to examine any other personal
effects, the person in question has with them (Summary Offences Act
section 28A). After this search police may confiscate the implement or
implements in the possession of the person who has it in their
unlawful custody (Summary Offences Act 28B). After this the officer
may formally charge the person or proceed with a summons, now the
person must divulge their name and address. They must also give
details if an officer believes that the person was of any way a
potential suspect or person of interest to an indictable offence where
the officer, on reasonable grounds believes that the person was at or
near the alleged offence when it occurred (Crimes Act section 563).
If police officers come across anything of an illegal nature during
the use of their powers which is not what they originally, set out to
find. The person maybe immediately placed under arrest. Under Crimes
Act section 352, (a,b) which states that any constable or other person
may arrest without a warrant if the person has violated a law whether
the offence be indictable or summary in nature. The police officer
then may take him and any property found on him before a authorized
justice to be dealt with according to the law.
As a result of the Cornulla riots reforms have been newly introduced
which allow police powers to be vastly increased. Amendments that
Nancy Drew Suders was hired March 1998 by the Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) as a police communications operator for the McConnellsburg barracks, where her three male supervisors subjected her to a "continuous barrage of sexual harassment." Suders said one of the supervisors Sergeant Eric D. Easton, talked to her repeatedly about sex with animals. The second, Corporal Eric B. Prendergast sat on her desk and made gestures simulating oral sex. The third, Patrol Corporal William D. Baker made obscene gestures as many as five or ten times a night. In June 1998, Suders spoke to PSP's Equal Employment Opportunities Officer, Virginia Smith-Elliot, and told her that she "might need some help." Two months later Suders contacted Smith-Elliot again and this time told her that she was being harassed and was afraid. Smith-Elliot told Suders to file a complaint, but she never told her how to obtain the necessary forms or what procedures she should follow. Suders never did file a complaint since she felt that Smith-Elliot had been insensitive and unhelpful.
Legislation Review Committee, Parliament of New South Wales, Law enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Amendment (Arrest without warrant) Bill 2013, Law Review Digest (2013 November)
The extent of unreasonable searches and seizures go from uncalled for arrests that seem to be at random and to warrantless searches of private property. Searches on private property will only be allowed if there is reasonable David Riley was pulled over on August 22, 2009 for driving with expired tags. Riley’s license was suspended and therefore, the car had to be impounded. Upon impounding the car it was searched, and its contents cataloged. When searching the car, police found two guns and added the charge of carrying a firearm to Riley’s offence.
The purpose of stop and search, an investigative tool to prevent crime is arguably different to the current practice of this procedure, current research suggests that it is used to gain intelligence and for social control (Bowling and Phillip, 2007). Following this, there is substantial evidence suggesting that thirty police forces have no understanding of how to use their powers to complete a stop and search (HMIC, 2013). Furthermore, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984, c60) states that a police officer can only stop and search a citizen if they have reasonable grounds to suspect they have stolen or prohibited items on their person. However, statistical evide...
Policing in the United States has mainly been based and expanded on the ideas of English way of policing. The English way of policing has not only been used as the basis for American policing but it has also been used to commence an era of evolving police agencies. In its early years, policing in the United States was largely regarded as a civic duty or responsibility of community members. The appointed officers were neither trained nor paid for their services to community members. Consequently, the chosen Sheriffs were usually motivated by financial incentives and lost their focus on enforcement of the law, which contributed to the perception that policing was primarily reactive in nature. However, the nature and structure of policing changed significantly following the emergence of urbanization, industrialism, and the society, which resulted in increase in crime. This forced the police or law enforcement officers to adopt a more proactive approach rather than the reactive approach that was traditionally associated with law enforcement. Notably, the history of policing has been characterized by considerable changes from time to time due to several factors like technological advancements and increase in threats to security.
It is easy for police to get caught up in the idea that it is them against the rest of society (Barkan, 2012). Many citizens in today’s democratic society have a negative or fearful view of our law enforcement. Think back to grade school, who was that one kid in class that everyone was annoyed by or despised? Most people would answer the teacher’s pet or the tattletale. We have grown up from a young age to have a negative view towards those that get us into trouble when we think we can get away with something we know is wrong. In the adult world, the police force can equate to those tattletales.
...T., Reiner, R. (2012) ‘Policing the Police’ in The Official Handbook of Criminology. Ed. By Maguire, M., Morgan, R., Reiner, R. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 806- 838
The degree of force that officers use is heavily influenced by police discretion in real-world situations rather than espoused by a certain agenda. Discretion can be classified into four different categories where administrators, the community, and the individual police officer exercise differing degrees of influence in decision-making. What is needed to help officer discretion is a central ethos that will guide discretion when all other rules fail to help.
This research proposal seeks to establish the level of police discretion used on duty. It aims to understand when it is appropriate for police to use discretion as well as given reasons for abusing their decisions. It focuses on issues with police discretion maintaining the responsibility to be ethical such as racial profiling, socioeconomic status and excessive force. Although police discretion can have positive factors, it also difficult to determine whether it is fair for police to make a decision during situations.
The ability of police to exercise discretion was originally designed to allow officers to maintain the peace by allowing certain types of crime to remain unpunished in certain circumstances. This essay will aim to explore the issue of police discretion that suggests that the application of discretion works against the interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. In drawing this conclusion, this essay will examine the relationship between policing ideals and the use of discretionary powers and the relationship between policing attitudes and the use of discretionary powers. A discussion regarding the use of police discretion towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can scarcely be mentioned without making reference to arguably the greatest failing by a police officer since indigenous Australians were formally recognised as citizens. Further to this, the case of Mulrunji Doomadgee (Cameron) will be examined from the point of view of officer discretionary powers. The penultimate point to be made will involve the Anglo Australian response to this case as well as the ongoing relationship between indigenous Australians and the institutions that govern them. As mentioned, the first point will involve policing ideals and their relationship to discretionary powers.
Discretion is defined as the authority to make a decision between two or more choices (Pollock, 2010). More specifically, it is defined as “the capacity to identify and to document criminal and noncriminal events” (Boivin & Cordeau, 2011). Every police officer has a great deal of discretion concerning when to use their authority, power, persuasion, or force. Depending on how an officer sees their duty to society will determine an officer’s discretion. Discretion leads to selective enforcement practices and may result in discrimination against certain groups of people or select individuals (Young, 2011). Most police officer discretion is exercised in situations with individuals (Sherman, 1984).
area for a certain amount of time - as long as this is for no more
Ethical behavior in law enforcement officers is continuously under scrutiny by the media, public and other law enforcement personnel. There are effective implements in place to balance the applications and efficiency of Ethics in law enforcement; to make just and lawful decisions to benefit of communities.
Search warrant is a request, in the name of the individuals, marked by a justice or other legal power, allowing an officer to search for specified particular property and carry it before the judge (Nova Scotia v. MacIntyre, 1982). The search warrant is a standout amongst the most capable and important devices in the law requirement. While the procedure of seeking and getting a search warrant ought to be ordinary to most officers, there are numerous specialized and lawful pitfalls that can discredit a search warrant, lead to the concealment of confirmation or rejection of cases and have obligation suggestions for incorporated officers (Holcomb, 2003). Therefore, it is the approach of this office that all officers have a sound learning of the legitimate necessities connected with acquiring a search warrant keeping in mind the end goal to anticipate concealment of evidence. Supporting the Constitutional privileges of subjects and to administer open trust in this organization's order to do the police work in a moral and lawful way.
Police Powers Under PACE Certain police powers under the police and criminal evidence Act 1984 (PACE) were implemented on 1 January 1986. For provisions set out in section 5, 50 and 55 of the act, there is statutory requirement for chief officers of police to collect and publish statistics monitoring their use. These provisions cover stop ad searches of persons or vehicles, road checks and intimate searches of persons. Information giving the ethnic appearance of persons stopped and searched was published in January 2001 a publication under section 95 of the criminal justice act 1991.