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A thesis for postmodern literature
The relationship between humans and nature
The importance of the environment for the life of human life
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Recommended: A thesis for postmodern literature
In the 21st century marked by communicational advances and technological developments, issues related to environment have gained momentum. Man’s changing relationship to the natural world has become the focus of many literary texts produced in the contemporary era. The ambivalent attitude of man towards nature has been continuing since eons, as he is not willing to accommodate the role of the environment within the paradigms of the socio-cultural framework. The literary world has witnessed the production of numerous narratives which bring to the fore the existential and material crisis confronted by man within the space of the environment. The present paper titled Poetics of Belonging: An Ecocritical Reading of Kavery Nambisan’s The Scent of Pepper proposes to analyse Kavery Nambisan’s The Scent of Pepper from an ecocritical perspective, as it demonstrates the intrinsic relationship that exists between the landscape of Coorg and its central character Nanji. Set against the lushy hillside of Coorg, the novel also throws light on the postmodern condition characterized by alienation of man from nature and erosion of ethical values related to the preservation of environment against the onslaught of the demanding needs of urbanisation and techno-modernity.
Ecocriticism as a literary movement is gradually making its presence felt in the mainstream scenario, and with its interdisciplinary collaboration is maturing itself into a school of criticism in its own right. Ecocriticism, with its environment–oriented study of literature, emerged as an important theoretical tool in the 1990s, and focuses on the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment. Several literary critics and scholars have worked on definin...
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...es, and acknowledge the fact that man’s life is regulated and controlled by the nature around, for nature is at the centre of man’s life.
Works Cited
Glotfelty, Cheryl. “Introduction.” The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology.
Ed. Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromn. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1996. xv-xxxii. Print.
Hughes, J. Donald. Ecology in Ancient Civilizations. Albuquerque: U of New Mexico P,1975.
Print.
Leopold, Aldo. "Axe in Hand." A Forest of Voices: Reading and Writing the Environment.
Eds.Chris Anderson and Lex Runciman. USA: Maryfield Publishing Company, 1995.448-52. Print.
Nambisan,Kavery. The Scent of Pepper. New Delhi: Penguin, 1996. Print.
Tucker, William. "Is Nature Too Good for Us?" Forest of Voices: Reading and Writing the
Environment. Eds. Chris Anderson and Lex Runciman. USA: Maryfield Publishing Company, 1995.643-57. Print.
Nature Writing is born out of love, appreciation, and wonder. It discovers its voice in the connection between man and the natural world (Harton). Conceivably the most American style of writing, it rejoices in America’s wilderness while it grieves America’s greed and exploitation of the environment (Johnson-Sheehan and Stewart). Nature Writing beckons us, with the intention of awakening our spirits. It stirs our souls, touches our hearts, and inspires our minds.
In Emerson’s “Nature” nature is referred to as “plantations of god” meaning that nature is sacred. Also mentioned, is that “In the woods is perpetual youth”(#) conveying that nature keeps people young. Therefore, these excerpts show that nature is greatly valued by these transcendentalists. Transcendentalists would likely care significantly about the environment. In contrast, nowadays nature is often and afterthought. Natures’ resources are being depleted for human use, and the beauty of nature is also not as appreciated by modern people as it was by transcendentalists. The threat to nature in modern times contrasts to the great appreciation of nature held by authors like Emerson and
Man has destroyed nature, and for years now, man has not been living in nature. Instead, only little portions of nature are left in the world
Nature can keep its blissful purity untroubled in the moment, not convicted by what all society has brought into this world. Furthermore, many find nature as their safe place, the one place they can go too, and no one can interfere with their happiness. John Muir and William Wordsworth noticed the peaceful nature brought to their soul when traveling on their journey. Do not let your hands be weak, for you shall be rewarded.” – 2 Chronicles 15:7 John Muir and William Wordsworth both faced challenges to get to where they were going.
From the lone hiker on the Appalachian Trail to the environmental lobby groups in Washington D.C., nature evokes strong feelings in each and every one of us. We often struggle with and are ultimately shaped by our relationship with nature. The relationship we forge with nature reflects our fundamental beliefs about ourselves and the world around us. The works of timeless authors, including Henry David Thoreau and Annie Dillard, are centered around their relationship to nature.
Perceptions of the natural world have fluctuated throughout humanity’s short time on this earth, going in and out of style as societies and technologies have grown and died. As is the the very nature of literature itself, literature and its authors have managed to capture these shifting views, expressed and illustrated by the art of written word. Naturally, the literature chosen for us to read based on this fluid theme of nature encompasses an array of perspectives. One of these views is that nature is sublime and above all else, a reflection of all that which is perfection. Another is that nature is cold, uncaring, and indifferent to the vanities of humanity.
Scott quotes Gilman’s essay, “The ‘Nervous Breakdown’ of Women,” in her elaboration of ecologies, “Even if the physico-psychic balance is perfect, there remains another necessity for peace of mind; that is the adjustment between the individual and the environment” (qtd. in Scott (1999). While Gilman’s sanity never went as far as the narrator’s, she still bordered the line of physiologically and psychologically leaving one world for another. The two worlds that Gilman paints are similar to the literary movements of Romanticism and Realism.
From its beginning, the literature of the 1960s valued man having a close relationship with nature. Jack Kerouac shows us the ideal form of this relationship in the story of Han Shan, the Chinese poet. At first, these concerns appear to have little relevance to Goodbye, Columbus by Philip Roth. However, by mentioning Gauguin, Roth gives us a view of man's ideal relationship to nature very similar to the one seen in the story of Han Shan. The stories of Han Shan and Gauguin offer an interesting commentary Neil and Brenda's relationship, as well as insight into its collapse.
Throughout the Romanticism period, human’s connection with nature was explored as writers strove to find the benefits that humans receive through such interactions. Without such relationships, these authors found that certain aspects of life were missing or completely different. For example, certain authors found death a very frightening idea, but through the incorporation of man’s relationship with the natural world, readers find the immense utility that nature can potentially provide. Whether it’d be as solace, in the case of death, or as a place where one can find oneself in their own truest form, nature will nevertheless be a place where they themselves were derived from. Nature is where all humans originated,
Osgood, Samuel. “Nature.” The Western Messenger. (1837): 385-93. Rpt. in Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Laurie Lanzen Harris. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1981. 275.
The Sycamore Leaves piece highlights the complexity of our environment in the way that it shows how human activity or technology is present everywhere around us. By expanding our understanding of the piece to see it as a representation of our world we see that the tree can symbolize nature as a whole while the ordering of the leaves around the tree in an unnatural way can symbolize human action and “order.” Furthermore Goldsworthy 's representation gives the idea of a complex environment a positive connotation through the way that the leaves simply sit at the base of the tree following the contours of it roots yet not encroaching on its livelihood. The cohesion underscores how human action can work alongside and complement nature making for a complex yet still peaceful environment. The relationship between humans and nature is further explored in the way that Sycamore Leaves appeals to the idea of “mastering”
Nature writing can be found in numerous genres and each can portray different opinions, thoughts, examples, solutions, etc. Therefore, setting up a general set of guidelines allows people the opportunity to define what is meant by nature writing. Defining genre can be highly influential when readers are trying to capture the essence of what they are reading. Lawrence Buell’s four criteria for what constitutes an “environmental text,” provide a basic set of understandable guidelines. However, as the criteria stand they are too directed at the factual context and overlook the “experience” or emotional resonance of reading such works.
Flourishing nature is most beauteous in areas which have not been maimed by the human race. The idea that spiritual and philosophical wellness can be found in nature is supported world-wide. Many different cultures use their eco-rich surroundings to become more spiritually/philosophically endowed. In the short story “A White Heron” by Sarah Orne Jewett there are two fundamental relationships with society and nature that reflect the author’s point of view in support of this idea. The first is a good example of how nature can positively affect the spiritual/philosophical wellness of a person through an appreciative, loving, and tolerant relationship (Sylvia). The second is a destructive, parasitic relationship that is only beneficial to one party (the hunter). Sylvia struggles with her loyalty to her own innocence and respect of nature because of the exciting new possibilities the hunter promises to her. I will elaborate on topics such as the nature of Sylvia’s relationships, the narrator’s point of view, and the writing style in the text to demonstrate an understanding of how the author saw the relationship of society and nature in “A White Heron”.
It has never been an uncommon thing for one to retreat to nature in an attempt to ‘find one’s self,’ and somewhat cliché these days is the retreat to nature to ‘find God.’ Hundreds of books, essays, seminars, and retreats devote themselves to helping one understand how to find enlightenment and healing through connecting with nature. It is a phenomenon that transcends religious boundaries—everyone, from Buddhists to Christian Mystics to Quakers, seems to think that the key (or, at least, one of the keys) to enlightenment lies in nature. As one may suppose, this is not a new concept. Throughout literary history, there is a distinct trend of authors praising the virtues of nature, singing of the peace that it brings and the enlightening attributes of these places away from the noise and clutter of the cities. Shakespeare tells of finding “tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, [and] sermons in stone”(Shakespeare); William Wordsworth implores us to let nature be our teacher; Goethe claims that there is rest and respite on the mountain top; and George Washington Carver admits that he tries commune with nature everyday. It seems that from Henry David Thoreau right down to contemporary authors, no generation or writing period has been devoid of at least one prolific author who takes to nature in order to find the answers.
An ecocriticism is is a lens that looks at the relationship between people and the natural world. Thomas K. Dean gave a better description be stating, “Ecocriticism is a study of culture and cultural products (art works, writings, scientific theories, etc.) that is in some way connected with the human relationship to