That was an attention-grabbing, yet disconcerting article. Pneumococcal diseases is an infection caused by Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria also known as "pneumococcus." It an infection of the lungs. It can cause pneumonia. This sickness can lead into additional medical issues such as: sinus or ear infection, meningitis, or blood infection. The symptoms of pneumococcal disease vary on the part of the body that it is affected. Warning sign can include fever, cough, shortness of breath, irritability, chest pain, stiff neck, confusion, sensitivity to light, joint soreness, chills, ear pain and insomnia. Additionally, in severe cases it can produce hearing loss, brain damage, and death. (http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/pneumonia/Pages/Default.aspx) …show more content…
There is a grander threat for people who travel, especially those who travel abroad.
Also, people who spend time in crowded places are at a huger risk. The disease is more common in evolving countries and you are more prone to catching it in winter or spring seasons, nonetheless, in the tropic regions there can be an epidemic any time of the year. Nursing homes, daycares, schools and institutions are more likely to have an outbreak crop up anytime of the year and they are more inclined to outbreaks. People who are 65 years and older and under 2 are in a high risk group for contacting the disease. What's more, if a person has a weak immune system, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, HIV or AIDS have an increased risk for getting the
disease. Here are habits to minimize the chances of contracting the disease. First, be sure and get vaccinated, it can potentially save your life from the disease. Second, adults who are 65+, adults who smoke or who have certain medical conditions, should positively get vaccinated. Third, children up to the age of 5 should receive 4 doses of a series of the pneumococcal vaccine. Make sure your child has received all the doses. Lastly, practicing appropriate hygiene is extremely important. Washing hands regularly with warm soap and water or hand sanitizer. Try to not to touch your face with dirty hands. Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Avoid kissing, hugging, sharing eating utensils, or cups with people who are sick. (cdc.gov)
S. pyogenes is a bacterium that permeates our society. Today it is commonly known as the cause of “Strep. throat,” or Streptococcal pharyngitis. Modern medicine has caused the eradication of most of its advanced infections, while this most common form of infection still thrives. It is very contagious, and pyogenes travels quickly through places where bacteria flourish, such as schools and health institutions. The body cannot fight this bacterium very well without help, and S. pyogenes was a common cause of death until the introduction of antibiotics in the twentieth century. It has a number of ways to subdue the immune system, but it is almost completely vulnerable to penicillin, even after decades of exposure. While generally no more than a nuisance, this bacterium continues to be an interesting topic of discussion. (6,3,2)
Most patients may begin with symptoms of a runny nose, cold or sinusitis that continue to persist longer than normal upper respiratory infections and fail to respond to therapeutic measures. Even though, not all patients experience all of the symptoms, the severity of the disease is different for each patient. Other symptoms can include: arthritic joint pain, blood in urine, cough (with or without presence of blood), fever, inflammation of the ear with hearing problems, inflammation of the eye with vision problems, lack of energy, loss of appetite, nasal membrane ulcerations and crusting, night sweats, numbness of limbs, pleuritis (inflammation of the lining of the lung), rash and/or skin sores, saddle-nose deformity, weakness, fatigue, and weight
...nd make people aware that it is more common than people realize and that a rather large part of America has the illness, whether they know it or not. This paper also discussed how the virus, could target certain individuals more easily than others based on the genetic makeup of an individual and families.
Almost no one on Earth has any immunity at all to this virus, which makes ordinary vaccines useless against it. The sudden spread of the virus into Europe foreshadows an epidemic development that could be worldwide. Ultimately, there is no way to protect ourselves against epidemics. They will keep disappearing and coming back in new forms.
182 people became infected, and 29 died (most of which were older men or cigarette smokers). Although this organism was named in the 70’s, retrospective studies have shown cases since 1943. GRAPH Diseases: L. pneumophila has a very wide range of effects. Healthy individuals usually go through an asymptomatic seroconversion, while less healthy people may undergo Pontiac Fever or Legionnaires’ Disease (LD). In 1968, employees at the county health department in Pontiac, Michigan came down with a fever, but the responsible pathogen was not identified at the time.
Legionnaires disease, characterized as a form of pneumonia, is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Legionella. Legionnaires disease accumulated its name after it spread to more than 4,000 World War II Legionnaires, as well as their family and friends, which all gathered to participate in the 58th American Legion's convention in Philadelphia, about 600 of whom were staying at the hotel this convention was being held at. The day after the convention was being hosted, a great number of the people began feeling ill. No one began to think anything of it, because the symptoms were beginning to be very similar to any other stomach flu. It wasn’t until the American Legionnaires started dying of an illness no one could figure out what was, that endless tests were completed, and Medical specialists came to a conclusion that a bacteria, Legionella, was spreading through the air conditioning vents in the convention hotel. (Legionnaires disease: A history if its discovery). This non contagious infection enters the body through contaminated bacteria into water vapor that we breathe in, affecting the bronchial tubes, and lungs. Legionnaires disease was then given it’s name in 1976, after it killed 34 people from the convention in Philadelphia.
Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are preventable and pose a threat to hospitals and patients; increasing the cost, nominally and physically, for both. Pneumonia makes up approximately 15% of all HAI and is the leading cause of nosocomial deaths. Pneumonia is most frequently caused by bacterial microorganisms reaching the lungs by way of aspiration, inhalation or the hematogenous spread of a primary infection. There are two categories of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP); Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) and Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Influenza is very contagious and spreads rapidly from person to person. Influenza causes worldwide yearly epidemics. According to World Health organization Influenza affects 5-15% world’s population and resulting in 500,000 deaths yearly. Ottenberg stated that, in United States, an average of 200,000 were hospitalized and 36,000 died each year from influenza complications. Influenza is the sixth leading cause of death among US adults and is related to 1 in 20 death in persons older than 65 years. Disease control and prevention estimates indicate that infections like H1N1 which is one of the types of influenza, have resulted in an estimated 42 to 86 million cases and 8520 to 17620 deaths. As I mentioned earlier that infections like influenza are very contagious, they can spread easily from hcw to Patient and back to hcw. The most efficient and effective method of preventing influenza infection is vaccination(The best way to prevent influenza is with annual vaccination).(Sullivan,2010) (Gregory,Tosh &Jacobson, 2005). Motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness Influenza may increase the risk for death in people with existing heart, lung, or circulation disorders. In fact, the higher than average number of winter deaths in people with heart disease may be due only to the occurrence of influenza during those months.Vaccination provides immunity to fight against infection.To increase resistance to harm by modifying the environment to minimize preventable illness (NEED TO CHANGE WORDING)
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, also known as Black Lung Disease, is a unique form of pneumoconiosis and silicosis. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is a respiratory disease that affects the lungs caused by the inhalation of silica dust causing inflammation in the lungs.The crystalline silica dust that causes this disease is most commonly referred to as quartz, but it is also found in sandstone, granite, slate, coal, and pure silica sand. There are three types of pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis: chronic, accelerated, and acute. This is an incurable disease, but its symptoms can be treated.
The Ebola-Zaire branch was the first to be recognized and has the highest death rate of 89 percent. The Ebola-Sudan subtype has a death rate of 53 percent, and the Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever virus as a whole having a 68 percent death rate. Since the Ebola virus has not been recognized for a long time, it cannot be said for sure how it is transmitted though it is believed to be zoonotic, meaning that it is transmitted by animals and from contact with the virus, making it spread quickly through family and friends. It also transmits itself nosocomially, where it can transmit quickly through a health care environment, like a hospital. This is especially dangerous in places like Africa,...
The human population has a high susceptibility to the contraction of new diseases and outbreaks of these diseases are of high risk. Diseases in recent times that have broken out into the human population are the H7N9 flu strain and SARS. Despite the risk, outbreaks like H7N9 and SARS have been controlled due to epidemiology and other disease control methods. Outbreaks of disease are not uncommon to the human population as they move to new areas around the world with foreign diseases that the native residents would have developed a resistance to.
Pneumonia can also become a hospital acquired infection. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a type of lung infection that occurs in a person who has been on a ventilator.... ... middle of paper ... ...
In the 1960s, doctors in the United States predicted that infectious diseases were in decline. US surgeon Dr. William H. Stewart told the nation that it had already seen most of the frontiers in the field of contagious disease. Epidemiology seemed destined to become a scientific backwater (Karlen 1995, 3). Although people thought that this particular field was gradually dying, it wasn’t. A lot more of it was destined to come. By the late 1980s, it became clear that people’s initial belief of infectious diseases declining needed to be qualified, as a host of new diseases emerged to infect human beings (Smallman & Brown, 2011).With the current trends, the epidemics and pandemics we have faced have created a very chaotic and unreliable future for mankind. As of today, it has really been difficult to prevent global epidemics and pandemics. Although the cases may be different from one state to another, the challenges we all face are all interconnected in this globalized world.
There are hundreds and thousands of communicable diseases that affect children in life each and every day. Some disease are deadly and some are not. Some of them have been slowed down or controlled by vaccines and modern technology. Although some are being controlled others resist drug treatments. Theses are the types of diseases that become difficult to cure and can kill a child. It is difficult to prevent children from catching the spread of communicable diseases because of how easily some are able to spread, because it is just part of our everyday life and because children are always around objects and things that are highly contagious. For example in daycare or schools, they have toys and crayons and other objects that are always being touched by other children. In playgrounds there are pathogens everywhere. Pathogens is another term for germs. A communicable disease is a disease that is transmitted by the contact of person to person or animal to person. Communicable disease are spread by contact with an infected person or object ,oral transmission, pathogens in the air, when many people with a communicable disease are among the same area, bites from insects and not in the case of children, sexual intercourse. Pathogens that can cause communicable diseases are viruses, bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins. Bacteria is a one- celled germs that multiply quickly and may release chemicals which can make you sick. A virus is capsules that contain genetic material, and use your own cells to multiply. A fungi is a primitive plants, like mushrooms or milde. A protozoa is a one-celled animals that use other living things for food and a place to live. When a child becomes sick with a communicable dis...
Due to the rare cases of human contact with the virus, humans should avoid the following things to prevent getting infected. They should avoid touching infected birds and secretions from infected birds such as saliva or fluids, de-feathering infected birds, and inhaling dried feces dust from infected birds. Also avoid preparing