Plastic products exist as various kinds of forms all over the planet because of its convenience. However, plastic made from petroleum, coal, and cellulose leads to many environmental impacts while being produced and disposed. It is called plastic pollution. Especially India is one of the country, where is struggling with the plastic problem because of a large amount of plastic use and the waste. Dhananjay Mahapatra (2012) said in his article that Justices Singhvi and Mukhopadhaya argued plastic pollution will threaten the next generation more than the atom bomb. The Justices’ argument clearly shows the latest circumstance of India. In fact, according to Central Pollution Control Board (2013), “in India approximately 8 million tones plastic products are consumed every year (2008) which is expected to rise 12 million tons by 2012.” This large amount of consumed plastic products chokes the sewage system and the rivers. Akhilesh Surjan and Rajib Shaw (2009) argued because of plastic wastes, “blocking the drains, leading to water logging and prolonged flooding are common features in most mage cities.” In addition, plastic wastes threaten people’s health in India. The toxin chemicals in plastic affect the formation of estrogen, which leads to infertility in humans. It means dumping of plastic will cause serious health problems too (Gokul, 2014). Besides these problems, there are more problems caused by plastic, such as polluting oceans, poisoning animals, and more human diseases. In order to prevent or reduce plastic pollution, it is significant to know how the pollution happens, what the impacts are. Therefore, this paper will discuss two approaches, political economy, and market environmentalism, with respect to the plastic pollution...
... middle of paper ...
...uvery in the city choked under plastic, urgent action needed. The Times of India.
Gustafsson, J. (1992). An Analysis Of Groundwater Vulnerability And Water Policy Reform In India.Environmental Management and Health, 13, 175-193.
Leonard, A. (1994, September 1). Dumping Pepsi's Plastic. Multinational Monitor.
Mahapatra, D. (2012, May 8). Plastic bag threat more serious than atom bomb: Supreme Court. The Times of India.
Manning, W. J. (2002). Environmental Pollution in India: Boycott Plastic Bags. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2, 1874-1875.
Shaw, R. (2009). Enhancing disaster resilience through local environment management: Case of Mumbai, India. Disaster Prevention and Management, 18, 418-433.
Website Material on Plastic Waste Management. (2013, June 1). . Retrieved April 14, 2014, from http://www.cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pcp/management_plasticwaste.pdf
Society is highly dependent on plastic. Unfortunately, eight tonnes of plastic are thrown away every year and most ends up in the ocean. The short documentary “A Plastic Tide” looks at various places throughout the world whose beaches are littered with plastic. Mumbai, India is one of the first places the documentary focuses on. They refer to the beach as a “plastic graveyard” because there is plastic everywhere causing almost no sand to be seen. Afroz Shah began the world’s biggest beach clean and inspired community members to take action. The documentary makes sure to point out that plastic is not the problem. While plastic may be convenient for us, it is not good for marine life. It is single-use plastic that is causing the most harm. Single-use plastics are discarded within the year and only about 5% of it is effectively recycled.
Perry, R. W., & Lindell, M. K. (2007). Disaster Response. In W. L. Waugh, & K. Tiernery, Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government (pp. 162-163). Washington D.C.: International City/County Management Association.
Every year, an estimated 8 million tons of plastic waste enters our environment, severely polluting oceans, beaches, forests, and even the towns and cities we live in. In the ocean alone, it is believed that 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic pollutes the waters (“Plastic Statistics”, Ocean Crusaders).The majority of plastic pollution can be traced back to single-use items, such as grocery bags, bottles, and plastic packaging. According to United Nations Environment, “At the rate we are dumping items such as plastic bottles, bags and cups after a single use, by 2050 oceans will carry more plastic than fish…” (“UN Declares War on Ocean Plastic”, UN Environment). This pollution is a major problem and endangers not only the environment, but human
Most of the necessities humans need are provided in supermarkets, in fact supermarkets have become a necessity for our everyday life. They are now the main source of water, food, clothes and everyday tools. Therefore, the plastic bags demanded and supplied in this industry increase every day. In the past decade, we produced as much plastic as we did in the whole twentieth century (Freinkel, 2011). This exponential increase of a non-biodegradable material has negatively impacted our environment immensely. Plastic production requires our dwindling fossil fuel resources, robs away animal lives, litters our beautiful landscapes and even affects our very own well-being. Hence, if plastic production doesn’t diminish immediately, we will suffer great
Majority of Indian’s livelihoods are dependent upon land and water based occupational functions such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. India’s total land is about 329 million hectares, out of which 175 million hectares of land is non-productive hence non-profitable and therefore it requires special treatment for the same reason. In India, water availability situation is murky because of spatial and temporal variability. Both these factors are forecaste...
1). Resilience refers to the ability to prepare, plan, absorb, recover and more successfully adapt to adverse events. It is determined by the degree to which individuals, communities and organization can organize themselves to learn from the past disasters and reduce their risks to future ones Resilience is increased by emergency management planning that is based on risks, the relationship has been identified from the four phases of emergency management. Mitigation involves actions that are undertaken in advance to avoid risks such as loss of life and property, in this case the community is more resilient to an immediate emergency issue (World Resilience Emergency Management,2017). Preparedness involves training, education and sharing of information
Water pollution has had devastating effects on the environment, which include irreversible effects to the oceans ecosystem. People often underestimate the importance of the ocean. They don’t realize how much damage pollution has caused to the ocean and the thousand of creatures that inhabit it. Earth is a huge place, but resources are actually very limited and will not last forever; unless there is a balance. We must protect the resources we have in order for them to last into the next generation. Every time we throw away a plastic bottle, drive our cars, and even burn those millions of fossil fuels to operate all those huge factories, there is a chance it will pollute the ocean and eventually effect the way we live. There should be stricter laws regulating human pollution, in order to protect our oceans ecosystem.
Sefidi 4 Yasaman Sefididiznab Professor Margaret Neff ENG-112-44 1 December 2017 Plastic Pollution Products made from plastic are a part of everyday life, and plastics of any kind make our lives easier, and seemingly better. We drink water and juice from plastic bottles, work on our laptop using plastic keyboards, plastic utensil, plastic toys, and plastic bags. Plastic is so cheap that tons of plastics are designed to use just one time. Plastic is made from refined oil, and mixed with poisonous chemicals and cooked at the high temperatures, making it resistant to the earth's traditional methods of decomposition. Plastic can be made in any shape, and color, also it is so strong, and it can carry heavy weights. According to the Environmental
... converting plastic waste into useful products are being affected by pollution; this contamination is found within containers where plastics are collected. But the same risk of pollution carries downside consequences in which workers and people responsible for cleaning and disinfecting the plastic materials are not doing the best to eliminate plastic waste, and to disinfect the infected bacteria and microorganisms from the atmosphere and environment. Organizations from China and India are the largest in the world, they collect and purchase used plastic from United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America (Minguez 2013). These companies do not bother to sanitize the products before the recycling process; for this reason the planet earth is getting a worse environmental condition, and it is destroying lives of living beings, and natural resources as well (Uddin 2014).
Using plastic bags are second nature to people in this day and age. Warner acknowledges, “Much to the dismay of the environmentally conscious citizens worldwide, the ubiquity of the free plastic carryout bag has bred nonchalant consumers who take this modern convenience for granted” (646). Although some people are conscious about the environment, people strive more for convenience and do not think about the impacts using bags have not only on the environment, but on themselves as well. If something is bad for the environment, it will alternatively be bad for humans as well. When plastic bags are exposed to the sun from being littered all around, the ultraviolet rays cause the substances of plastic bags to weaken. After the substances weaken, the substances become invisible to the naked eye. The substances that are no longer able to be seen are toxic to humans (Warner 649). As a result of plastic bags being littered around, animals consume plastic bags. This is negatively affects humans because animals are often consumed. When humans consume animals like, fish, there can be plastic in the fish’s belly, which then transfers to the humans and this poses a concern for human’s health. Humans are negatively affected by plastic bags because of the toxic chemicals in plastic bags, as well as, consuming animals with plastic in their
This, however, does not mean that India is solely responsible for certain deadlocks, even though its share of responsibility may be larger than other countries which have their own physical limitations and political apprehensions. As elsewhere in the world, and more particularly in the subcontinent where population explosion continues and environmental degradation worsens, water resources, like energy, are going to be much lower than the increasing demand, even if they are harnessed to the most optimum. Given the depleting resources of water, the issues of human security, and water security as its most crucial part, are going to assume astronomical proportions. The issues of water distribution and management are bringing not only countries of the region, but also states and regions within provinces into conflict since they are not being settled amicably within a grand framework of riparian statutes respecting upstream and downstream rights. What is, however, quite appreciable is that the countries of the subcontinent have made certain remarkable efforts to resolve their differences over water distribution through bilateral agreements.
recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events” (NAS). The relationship of resiliency in regard to emergency management are identified by key features of each phase. In order to have effective resiliency the community must continue to be involved in risk informed planning which is a component that is crucial to the prevention of threats and risks. It is important to encourage effective resource allocation. Creating a tactful and strategic plan communities are able to develop progressive and useful resiliency. Mitigation recognizes the strength and weakness creating a data pool of information from history which can encourage the improvements
This essay will discuss the various harmful effects of plastic bags, and demonstrate the risks that these bags impose on humans, animals, and the environment. It will also discuss a series of suggested solutions that could help reduce plastic bag usage. Although plastic bags appear to be fragile and light, their negative environmental effect is devastating. Plastic bags may cause large amounts of pollution at every step of their limited life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials, production, transportation, and recycling or disposal. Plastic bags can be defined as the most damaging form of environmental pollution.
It is sad to say but humans have played their part in deteriorating the earth. We have polluted and killed the very thing that takes care of us. If you ride by any lake or river you find trash and debris around it. In the “The Call of the Wild” the author says that we have committed war against the earth by the dumping of poisons and explosives upon it (337). Unfortunately, plastics are the things that are doing the most harm to our environment. Plastics are convenient and we use them everyday and these are the things that we find in the oceans, rivers and lakes. They are harmful to the earth as well as human health by directly intoxicating us with lead, cadmium and mercury. Plastic debris laced with harmful chemicals are often found inside of our marine life and can poison them. Plastic can survive for thousands of years and many invasive species are found in them which can disrupt our habitats. We need to limit our consumption of plastics and make sure that they are disposed of in their proper places.
The article is about “Plastic Bag charged introduced in England”. “Plastic bags used for just a few minutes but take 1000 years to degrade”. Therefore when resources are not used efficiently, market failure arises, which is a situation in which the market does not allocate resources efficiently. Therefore plastic bags are negative externality of consumption, which is when a third party is affected by the consumption of goods and services for which no appropriate compensation is paid.