Pilgrim's Progress: The Theology of Justification by Faith

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The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan tells the story of Christian, a deeply religious man whose self-imposed pilgrimage takes him through a variety of locations in his quest to reach Celestial City. However, to better understand Bunyan's perspective on Christianity as given in his novel, we must examine the life experiences of the author. Born in 1628, Bunyan lived in a time period that was undoubtedly heavily influenced by the Reformation movement incited by Martin Luther only a century earlier. The lives of Luther and Bunyan parallel in that both disagreed with fundamental doctrines applied by the Church in their lifetime. Additionally, both were labeled as dissenters and subsequently persecuted for adhering to their own principles (Bunyan, Introduction pg. XVII). Perhaps the most striking similarity was their common belief in the theological teaching of justification by faith, and the role, or lack thereof, of works in acquiring salvation (Perry, Peden, Von Laue, pgs. 18-19). The concept of justification by faith and the zero sum value of works as taught by Luther is the central theme of the novel The Pilgrim's Progress and the basic position concerning Christianity that Bunyan conveys to the reader. Three examples of this position contained within the novel include Christian's opinion of morality and legality as a result of his encounter with Mr. Worldly-Wiseman, Christian's definition of hypocrisy and the subsequent demise of By-ends, and finally the refusal of admittance to the Celestial City for Ignorance, despite his works.

First, near the beginning of his journey, Christian meets with Mr. Worldly-Wiseman. Christian confesses his burden to him, and in rebuke Mr. Worldly-Wiseman condemns the counsel of Evangelis...

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...Bunyan.

In conclusion, we see that the novel The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan conveys the message that justification and salvation can be granted through faith alone, and works are inconsequential. This is his basic position on Christianity. This concept is reiterated numerous times throughout the novel, as in the examples of Mr. Worldly-Wiseman, By-ends, and Ignorance. What practical application does this have for us today? Bunyan's belief in accordance with Luther may well have helped pave the way for the doctrines of many mainstream Christian religions today. In order to understand our present we must know our past.

References

Bunyan, John. (1678) The Pilgrim's Progress. Oxford World's Classics. New edition 2003.

Perry, M., Peden, J., and Von Laue, T. (2003) Sources of the Western Tradition. From the Renaissance to the Present. Fifth Edition.

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