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An essay on medical ethics
Moral ethical dilemmas in the medical field
Moral ethical dilemmas in the medical field
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The Hippocratic oath has principles that have been upheld by healthcare providers for ages, regardless of the values presented within. There are a plethora of ideals suggested throughout the oath that could definitely be questioned with careful examination. In this essay, I will argue that the Hippocratic oath should be removed as a central medical ethic until it is updated to meet the contemporary medical requirements, because the majority of the values which are instilled within, display antiquity that could be easily reversed with a modern revision.
Although the Hippocratic oath has many restrictive, ancient attributes that pose as an issue for the modern practitioner, there are statements within that can be updated. There are values that are still exercised today that play a role in contemporary medical practices that are demonstrated throughout the oath. For instance, the Hippocratic oath definitely portrayed the confidentiality value. It states, “what I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account one must spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about” (CITATION). This statement undoubtedly should remain exercised throughout contemporary healthcare. In healthcare today, confidentiality is persistently addressed because of the importance of the privacy of a patient. LOOK IN THE BOOK. Another value in which the Hippocratic oath addresses would be fairness. As said in the oath, “whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice” (CITATION). It should be implemented in to the standards of every hospital procedure in the contemporary medical ...
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...ard from a philosophical standpoint. This, in turn, does not justify the reasoning behind the values or why the Hippocratic oath matters at all. Although idealistic, the oath does not provide specific guidance for health care providers. It remains incredibly vague and broad, which makes it difficult to follow the guidelines within. The statement, “I will apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to ability and judgment,” falls short of explaining what the measures entail. Additionally, the entirety of the oath remains wide-ranging to the totality of the medical field. Although it is beneficial to have a single oath for health care providers, it is becoming more difficult to be specific to division of medical practice. There are simply too many social roles of health care providers today that require more of a précis ethical approach to medicine.
According to Terrence F. Ackerman, as of the 1980s the American Medical Association had to include the respect for a person’s autonomy as a principle of medical ethics (Ackerman 14, 1982). This includes having the physician provide all the medical information to the patient even if the information could cause negative implication onto the patient. The physician is also expected to withhold all information of the patient from 3rd parties (Ackerman 14, 1982). Although it is seen as standard in today’s world, in
Miles, S. H. (2005). The Hippocratic oath and the ethics of medicine. Oxford: Oxford University
As a junior in high school, I am considering medicine as a possible career choice. Through my research in this field, I discovered the Hippocratic Oath. The Hippocratic Oath is the most famous of the Hippocratic documents; it has served as an ideal for the professional attitude and ethics of physicians to the present; the historical origin of the oath is so obscure that even the date of its composition is placed from the 6th to the 1st century B.C.
So, how do we who are aspire to be Hippocratic physicians achieve this goal? First we must look at the foundations for our personal ethical frameworks through meta-ethics. Meta-ethics refers to the systems by which we establish morals and ethical principles. Today there are many philosophies of meta-ethics, divided into two basic categories, moral absolutivism and moral relativism (Lawhead, 2000). The difference between these is in the nature of ethical principles, whether subjective or objective. Say something exists objectively, like a vase on a table. The subject’s perception of the vase must conform to the true vase. If, however, the subject is simply thinking about a vase, that vase exists subjectively, and its properties are contingent to the subject’s contemplations. So, how do these differing systems affect the physician in attaining the Hippocratic ideal? Let us first consider relativism.
EX1 Moreover, a good example of the irrelevance of the Oath in modern medics is the statement that a doctor may never “use the knife”, without using knifes, practicing modern surgery would be impossible (Markel, 2004). CR2 In the most Oaths administered by US medical schools, the parts about euthanasia are simply omitted, EV2 by 1993 only 14 percent of the vows taken by students prohibited euthanasia (Markel, 2004), IC this demonstrates that even if the Hippocratic Oath is the moral touchstone of physicians, most Oaths taken by students do not even prohibit euthanasia. CR3 Sometimes in order to safeguard the mysterious power and dignity of life, it is better to administer a soft death to avoid further suffering, EV3 this is also literally stated in the Hippocratic Oath: “I will keep my patients from harm and injustice”(Edelstein, 1967). C Considering all of the reasons mentioned above, the Hippocratic Oath has clearly lost its relevance regarding the prohibition of
Tyson, Peter. "The Hippocratic Oath Today." Pbs.org. NOVA, 27 Mar. 2001. Web. 2 Feb. 2012.
“Do Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide Violate the Hippocratic Oath?” ProCon.org. Lutheran Church Missouri Synod, 2001. Web. 21 March 2014.
The Hippocratic Oath was the example for medical etiquette for centuries and endures in modified form today. There is some uncertainty about when it was composed, the purposed for which it was intended, and the historical forces which shaped the document. It is said to have been written in the fifth century B.C. It's principles have slightly changed, if at all, regardless of the place and time, social systems, or religious beliefs. It is the basis for graduates of medical schools and the health professions all over the world.
¨ If I cannot give my consent to my own death, whose body is this? Who owns my life?- Sue Rodriguez. If one cannot choose when they die and how they go out, then are we really the owner of our life and body? Physician assisted suicide is the practice of providing a competent patient with a prescription for medication for the patient to use with the primary intention of ending his or her own life. When the patient is terminally ill and is in a lot of pain they should be able to end their own life instead of waiting for it to end itself. Even though some argue that physician assisted suicide is not a humane way of dying it still stops the patient´s suffering and gives them peace of mind.
Hippocratic Oath was earliest code of ethics to govern conduct in medicine. Unlike many modern professional codes, its intent was to describe a moral vision for members of the medical community rather than to protect members of the community from incurring on the law. This oath and AMA medical ethics are similar as the primary goal of both codes of ethics is to give full benefit to the
The right to choose is one of the most hotly contested ideas in America. While abortion is the topic that usually comes to mind, the right to die is a debate that is becoming more prevalent in our society every day. Dr. Kevin Fitzpatrick writes in “Euthanasia: we can live without it…,” that people should not be able to choose if they can die. He defends his ideas by showing how euthanasia is not a fully regulated practice and not always done legally. He goes on to say that most people who choose euthanasia do not have terminal illnesses and are usually just unhappy with their lives. However, Dr. Philip Nitschke disagrees in “Euthanasia: Hope you never need it, but be glad the option is there,” saying that we should have euthanasia as a viable option. Nitschke believes that people should be able to have euthanasia as an option to put in their living will in cases of
My claim: I argue in favor of the right to die. If someone is suffering from a terminal illness that is: 1) causing them great pain – the pain they are suffering outweighs their will to live (clarification below) 2) wants to commit suicide, and is of sound mind such that their wanting is reasonable. In this context, “sound mind” means the ability to logically reason and not act on impulses or emotions. 3) the pain cannot be reduced to the level where they no longer want to commit suicide, then they should have the right to commit suicide. It should not be considered wrong for someone to give that person the tools needed to commit suicide.
In this diverse society we are confronted everyday with so many ethical choices in provision of healthcare for individuals. It becomes very difficult to find a guideline that would include a border perspective which might include individual’s beliefs and preference across the world. Due to these controversies, the four principles in biomedical ethic which includes autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice help us understand and explain which medical practices are ethical and acceptable. These principles are not only used to protect the rights of a patient but also the physician from being violated.
Hippocrates was a Greek physician that left a legacy that existed during his lifetime in Classical Greece and continues today. His moral and ethical standards were the foundation of his teachings, along with his meticulous writings concerning the study of the human body. He firmly believed that poor health and disease were the result of a natural process that could be discovered and cured through careful clinical reasoning and observations. Hippocrates travelled throughout Greece teaching and describing disease symptoms, and taught doctors how to analyze and treat specific illnesses or diseases. Hippocrates’s accomplishments give him the respect from doctors and medical professionals around the world that continues even today.
The first opposition to mercy killings was the Hippocratic oath which stated “I will not administer poison to anyone when asked to do so, nor suggest such a course”(Hippocratic). The Hippocratic oath was written by a Greek doctor who believed doctors must stay away from killing, only to be devoted to healing. The oath was an ethical foundation and guide for medical practice. Many physicians signed this oath up until the 20th century. This oath keeps physicians from helping persons in immense pain, from ending said pain (Hippocratic).