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Motivation theorys
Motivation theorys
Psychology Of Motivation Quizlet
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Introduction: Effective decision making is typically thought about as being a logical cognitively driven process. Contemporary research on decision making have acknowledged the influence of motivation and emotion on decision making. When emotion and motivation impact a short term decision in a way that is contradictory to a long term logical goal, decision errors or negative outcomes can occur. We all allow these emotions and motivational influences to affect our short term decisions from time to time. When positive outcomes result from these biased short term decisions, it can reinforce the use of emotion and motivational influence as an effective decision making tool. This essay will use personal examples of emotional and motivationally influenced decisions that initially provided positive outcomes, then in subsequent …show more content…
Gutnik, Hakimzada, Yoskowitz, and Patel (2006), discuss the differences between thinking in ‘the cold light of day’ versus in ‘the heat of the moment’. “Thinking in the cold light of day is more likely to be based on more rational, knowledge-based inferences, whereas thinking in the heat of the moment is generally faultier and more likely to contain irrational justifications for risky, yet personally desired, behavior” (p. 725). Take for example a situation where someone in a relationship finds themselves alone with someone outside of that relationship that they find physical attractive, and that person makes clear they are interested in a physical interaction. The logical response is to not act on the situation, but the emotion of arousal can certainly impact the persons’ logical decision in this situation. Fear is a natural emotional response designed to protect us, but fear is not always based on rational things and allowing fear to dictate a decision could lead to a bad
This paper will examine Robert C. Solomon's Emotions and Choices article, to best identify what anger is, and to what extent a rational human being is responsible for their anger. Firstly, Solomon's argument must be described. A quick summation of Solomon's argument can be found in the following four points: Emotions are judgements, emotions are chosen, emotions serve a purpose, and emotions are rational.1 To quote Solomon, he explains that “Emotions are not occurrences, and do not happen to us. They ... may be chosen like an action.”2
It’s hard to believe how making one decision can impact and shape your life for the future. According to Google, decision-making is the action or process of making decisions, especially important ones. While discussing this important topic, decision-making, I’ve come across some things I’ve learned and how they can impact my life. First, impulsive decisions can lead to bad outcomes. In the short story, The Monkey’s Paw, by W.W. Jacobs, the story is based around the idea; think more about a decision than quickly resolving one. Secondly, deciding to run away from your problems can lead to an even greater one. In Edgar Allen Poe’s short story, The Masque of the Red Death, the characters are faced with a problem, but when they believe it has been resolved it turns out to be deadlier than
Dan Ariely takes a unique perspective on decision making. Author Dan Ariely proposes that we really aren't as in control of our decisions as we believe we are. Instead we are conditioned to make decisions based on certain influences of our intrinsic and extrinsic life. He refutes the common assumption that we behave in fundamentally irrational ways; He instead proposes our decisions are very rational in our minds. Decision making depends on the person, however their decisions can be easily foreseeable. Ariely goes deeper into the thought that expectations, emotions, social norms, and other invisible, seemingly illogical forces alter our reasoning abilities.
As a recipient of many prestigious awards, including a Nobel Prize, psychologist Daniel Kahneman has worked rigorously for nearly 45 years to advance the way in which we understand human cognitive processes. Kahneman and his long time colleague, Amos Tversky, began working together in the 1970s and almost immediately began making an impact within the field of behavioral economics. These contributions centered around the notion of human irrationality, or the basis we subconsciously use to make decisions each day. Beginning with their discovery of anchoring effect, Kahneman and Tversky went on to uncover many intuitive theories that helped evolve the field of behavioral economics into what it is today. Of equal importance, Kahneman produced
This theory dealt with the internal tension that a person gets following an important decision. The three conditions that are most likely to increase the feeling of postdecision dissonance include the more important the issue , the longer an individual delays in choosing between two equally attractive options, and the greater difficulty involved in reversing the decision once it has been made (220). Once a decision has been made, feelings of second guessing and regret begin to weigh on one’s mind. This leads them to go seek reassurance about the choice whether it is information on the topic or social support. This is a way to seek approval from those who do not bring feelings of dissonance to
Emotion and cognition are intricately intertwined and hard to tell which is influencing us in our everyday lives. While the former are sometimes referred to as feelings and affects (this term would be used interchangeably with emotion in this article) or “hot cognition”, the latter is often thought as our reasoning, or “cold cognition” (Zajonc, 1980). However, it is quite evident from our day-to-day account of events that it’s always the emotional parts of life that catch our attention - especially the bad ones. For one thing, as a general phenomenon, bad news is considered more newsworthy and can easily attract more reader attention (Baumeister,
“What You Don’t Know About Making Decisions” by David A. Garvin and Michael A. Roberto explores the ways successful leaders can design an effective decision-making process, and the areas one needs to avoid. Some areas that are mention are how leaders should focus on maintaining an Inquiry style decision process, and avoid an Advocacy style decision process. They explore how constructive conflict is desired if its cognitive conflict which allows people to openly express their differences which allows everyone to introduce new ideas. Affective conflict is to be desired, as it is emotional based and cause problems amongst teams. Garvin and Roberto talk about how leaders need to show they were listening to the discussion, and once a final choice is made, leaders need to show logic as to why the decision was made. Garvin and Roberto discuss closure within deliberations, and they talk about a Litmus Test. Throughout the paper Garvin and Roberto discuss many do’s and don’ts about decision making and ways leaders can be successful in running a team.
During the summer vacation, after I graduated high school, I experienced ethical dilemma. I had hard time to make an ethical-decision and still, I feel guilty about my choice. I am going to discuss my ethical dilemma which involved weighing my needs to attend SUNY Old Westbury against my dad's needs for me to transfer college in my home country, South Korea, and stay with my mom when she was diagnosed with breast cancer. I am going to discuss whether my decision was ethical from the perspectives of Mill, Kant, and Gilligan. I also will discuss how the readings changed my perspectives about how I want to approach ethical decision-making.
The world we live in is overflowing with choices and chances. Every day, each and every human must make thousands of decisions. Some decisions may be rather simple to make, or not present a high chance for an unfavorable outcome. While one may decide the apple they picked up from the store is not very sweet, the cost lost on the apple is rather minimal and the consumer will most likely be presented with many more opportunities to pick a delicious apple. However, some choices are much more complicated. Decisions such as where to invest one’s money, or what physical challenges to endure, present very serious consequences. If the wrong decision is made, one could lose their financial security, or even their life.
Consumer’s regret is thought to be a result of cognitive dissonance, specifically post-decision dissonance, which happens when a person must make a difficult decision, such as making a choice between two major purchase decisions. Factors that influence Consumer’s regret are the amount of money involved , the emotional link of the buyer to the purchase in question and the positive- and negative
In Dr. Spencer Johnson’s book, “Yes” or “No”; The Guide to Better Decisions, a young man embarks on a hike with a group of other people. During their journey, they learn to make better and more effective decisions using a system called the “Yes” or “No” system. This seemingly effective system focuses on the need to “focus on the real need” rather than focusing on one’s immediate desire. Dr. Johnson’s method via the anecdotes of the people in the story assist in creating better decisions by demonstrating how the decisions you make will affect you long term rather than the immediate gratification of choosing what seems to be right without any complex analysis of the outcome. This book helps one realize that you can make effective decisions, sooner
People tend to prefer certainty when considering gains and taking risks when considering loses (Rothman, Salovey, Antone, Keough & Martin, 1992). The underlying assumption that people respond differently to positively and negatively framed information has been applied to a broad range of decision problems ranging from health to food to saving lives. For instance, Meyerowitz & Chaiken (1987) demonstrated that exposure to negatively framed information promotes breast
An employee does an unsatisfactory job on an assigned project. Explain the attribution process that this person's manager will use to form judgments about this employee's job performance.
All my life I have been taught to think before I act, in order to prevent myself from making a mistake. Yet, I have learned through my many errors in life not to duplicate my unfortunate actions. Many times I have been told to consider the consequences of my actions prior to acting. I have found, though, that this may not always be the best approach. I would not argue this to be true in every situation, however. What is to be said, for example, of those who have acted on their emotions, only to find themselves in prison? One must be able to know instinctively which situations are appropriate to be dealt with solely on emotions, and which are to require a certain amount of development. Nevertheless, as von Kleist states, in “On Thinking Things Over: A Paradox”, the proper time to reflect on an action is after the act has occurred.
Emotions play a role in everyday life in all things big or small, but particularly in making decisions. When an individual is deciding on what to do, they take into account what their expected emotions would be, but the determining factor is the immediate emotions they feel while making the decision. With expected emotions, an individual will think about how happy or upset they may feel for instance if they win a monetary cash prize, or gamble too much and walk away with nothing. Often ...