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Literature Review For Crisis Leadership
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Literature Review For Crisis Leadership
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The scandal would have an impact on all organizational functions associated with the Penn State. The leadership board, board of trustees, athletic departments, recruiting, marketing, and human resources would all feel the repercussions of the event and determine a strategic plan to minimize the impact to the student body and future revenues. A transboundary crisis has the ability of crossing functional boundaries and impacting numerous departments (Crandall, Parnell, & Spillan, 2013).
Fiske identifies the scandal as a management issue, not a PR issue (Fiske, 2011). The failure to acknowledge and properly report initial incidents created the implosion at Penn State. The board of trustees was not informed emphasizing the problems within the
to make the most of the scandal to sort it out and get a good name.
Casamayou, Maureen. “The Columbia Accident.” Public Administration: Concepts and Cases. Stillman, Richard Joseph. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. 105-114.
Throughout the history of America’s pastime, baseball has continually battled scandals and controversies. From the 1919 “Black Sox” scandal to the current steroid debate, baseball has lived in a century of turmoil. While many of these scandals affected multiple players and brought shame to teams, none have affected a single player more than the 1980’s Pete Rose betting scandal. Aside from the public humiliation he brought his family and the Cincinnati Reds, nothing has done more to hurt Pete Rose than his lifetime ban from baseball making him ineligible for hall of fame. While many are for and against putting Pete Rose in the hall of fame, the four ethical theories, Kantianism, Utilitarianism, Egoism, and Ethical Realism, each have their own unique answer to the question. Through Kantianism Pete Rose should be inducted into the hall of fame, while Egoism, Utilitarianism and Ethical Realism all support the lifetime ban.
The major groups that were directly affected are investors, employees, and suppliers. Here we should make the distinction between different types of investors. There are two major types of investors: insiders and outside investors. Insiders are the investors who know the information that is not known publicly and may benefit them in some way. Outside investors are the investors who only know publicly known information. In our case, outside investors was the group that lost the most. On the other hand, insiders, notably Mickey Monus and David Shapiro, were the one that gains millions on IPO. The group who suffered was employees of Phar-Mor. After the scandal was revealed, most of the stores were closed to cover up losses. As a result, thousands of employees got fired. Another party that was damaged by the scandal was Coopers&Lybrant, the firm that did the audit for Phar-Mor, lost its reputation as a firm who does an audit with integrity. The secondary effect of the scandal was the overall mistrust among investors. They thought that if a giant retailer can forge its accounting books, why smaller companies wouldn’t do the same. As a result, investors became reluctant in investing into businesses that caused harm to the economy as a whole. The last but not least group that was affected by the scandal is Phar-Mor’s suppliers. Mickey Monus was fiercely fighting with them to make the chipset deals to cover up his losses, sometimes using inappropriate pressure and causing suppliers making unprofitable deals. In additions, Monus forced them to pay fees and sponsor his basketball League using buyer power of his company. In addition, a lot of bills for supplies were unpaid for months by Phar-Mor. Some suppliers said that they hated doing business with Phar-Mor, but had no choice since it had an access to vast amount of customers.
Joe Paterno has been at the helm of Penn State football since 1966. In the world of intercollegiate sports it’s hard to find a coach that has a tenure with the same institution for more than ten years. In the past 37 seasons, Coach Paterno has won an astonishing 336 games, breaking Paul “Bear” Bryant’s record of 323 set at the University of Alabama. Besides obtaining the most wins in NCAA Division 1-A football, Paterno has two national championships (1982 and 1986) and a Big Ten conference championship in 1994 (DeLassus). These great moments add to the tradition of Penn State football history, but that’s exactly the point, Paterno’s triumphs are history. The past four seasons, including the 2003 season, have consisted of more losses than wins. Recent trends in college football usually point the blame of a losing football team in the direction of the head coach. For Penn State and Joe Paterno this situation should be no different. The dilemma is in the hands of the school’s Director of Athletics, Timothy M. Curley, who has to convince one of the greatest football coaches to step away from the game he has been devoted to for over 50 years.
The ability of a company to maintain a good reputation is directly linked to the company’s ability to retain its stakeholders (Peterson, 2005). During a negative event or crisis situation, a company needs to ensure that it has effective strategies and resources in place, to deal with it responsibly, efficiently to minimize losses in share price value and public perceptions of corporate reputation (Coldwell .D, Joosub .T, & Papageorgiou .E, 2012). It is always advantageous to analyze past crises in order to develop a conceptual understanding of crisis situations and appropriateness of various means of coping with them (STERN, E. K., pg.1, 2009).
The Southern Methodist University football scandal, also known as Ponygate, was one of the most severe consequences that the NCAA has ever given out to a college or university. In this instance, the Southern Methodist University football program was found to be illegally paying their players after already being in trouble with the NCAA several times. The first time this football program had been caught by the NCAA for not following its rules was in 1985. This was when an incident regarding offensive lineman Sean Stopperich came up. Prior to transferring schools after going through an injury which made him unable to play, he was paid $5,000 by one of the Southern Methodist Universities booster programs to attend the school and play football there. This caused “the NCAA to place SMU on three years of probation in 1985, limit its postseason appearances, ban the boosters involved and strip the football program of 45 scholarships.” This did not show the program or the school a lesson though. Again in 1986 the Southern Methodist University football program was found breaking NCAA rules. This was their seventh time they had broken and been caught breaking NCAA rules. This time it was found that, “an unnamed booster had been found to have paid 13 Mustang players $61,000 from a slush fund with the approval of key members of the SMU athletic staff.” The result of this complication with NCAA rules is what became known as the, “death penalty”. This death penalty declared that there were to be, “no football in '87. only seven games in '88. no television or bowl appearances until 1989 and restrictions on off-campus recruiting and the number of assistant coaches until 1989 SMU which signed no high school players to letters of intent this winter...
Pete Rose is arguably one of the best baseball players to ever to play the game. Unfortunately he was also a part of gambling on the sport which currently prevents him from being in the hall of fame. Even 25 years later this is still one of the most controversial subjects talked about in baseball today. Even though Rose holds the record for most hits in baseball history, with all the evidence and controversy his ticket to the hall of fame may never be punched.
White collar crime is a term created by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 that refers to crimes committed by people of higher social status, companies, and the government according to the book “White-Collar Crime in a Nutshell” by Ellen Podgor and Jerold Israel. White collar crimes are usually non-violent crimes committed in order to have a financial-gain (Podgor and Israel 3). A very well known white collar crime that has even been taught in many history classes is the Watergate scandal. This is a white collar crime that was committed by government authorities. Watergate was a crime that shocked the nation.
The behaviors of the athletic management staff can affect the team performance and temperance. This has been evident in the case scandal of the Baylor university basketball team. However, there is a great need for those in leadership of the universities to evaluate constantly the behaviors of the staff concerned with various games in the school. This will make such cases to be evaded and when problems occur, they can be timely handled.
Have you ever thought the NCAA is corrupt? Well here are 3 reasons why the NCAA is corrupt.They banned a UCF kicker from football because of Youtube.Some college athletes are getting paid to go to Universities.The NCAA’s amateurism are all things that make the NCAA corrupt.
In the NCAA, all of the Division 1-A conferences generate a vast amount of their athletic revenue through their broadcast agreements. ABC, NBC, ESPN, FOX SPORTS, and CBS play a pivotal role in creating exposure as well as allocating funds to universities that are sponsored by them. It’s a strategic business philosophy, and one of the easiest ways to promote athletics. Why? For the most part many of the power six conferences developed a wide and a loyal fan base over a long period of time with limited television exposure. Many teams may have an unofficial count of excess of over 300,000 fans, and most of the universities rigorous task of marketing was already taken care of in the past. Now that there is a high demand of what viewers want to
The one scandal I want to discuss in my paper is the scandal that came along with the Baltimore riots. After the riots occurred there would then be a protest which took place on April 30, 2015. This protest would take place because the officers fatal injured a man by the name of Freddie Gray. Injuries sustained from this would be one that is life threating and end up ultimately in his untimely death. Freddie Gray had suffered a spinal injury as a result of the officer’s use of force; once again we have a case coming up with the use of force. Freddie’s injury was caused on
Lately, the top story in the news day after day, months after months have been about William Jefferson Clinton, also known as Bill. Who could blame them, there is nothing better than a story out of the ordinary, especially one with presidential status. For the past months he has been the most talked about figure, being the essential topic for news, talk shows, late night comedy and even going as far as the big screen. Talk about 'Primary Colors' and 'Wag the Dog.' What has gotten to me the most however, were the constant flow of Republicans, along with a few Democrats, who just want to say how shocked and embarrassed they are along with the people of the United States.The president had not just become the most talked about figure, but also one history had ever seen, so far that is, breaking the record and becoming a topic of conversation and debate 'twenty-four seven.' The people, who I think were most affected by this crisis and feel very sad for, are the Republicans, since they had lost severe amount of sleep over the president's bedroom crisis. They had to perform their republican duties by shocking our brains with the president's affair with Monica Lewinsky. We had to ignore the rest of the world news and its issues while they plough through the valley of lies, abuse of power and something they called high crimes and misdemeanors.