Pea Essay

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Pulses are high protein foods that are used for human and animal nutrition around the world. The human consumption of pulses is lower in Europe than in other regions of the world (Schneider, 2002). In Europe, however, field pea is an important pulse crop used for both livestock feed and human nutrition.
Field pea, which is also known as common pea, dry pea, yellow pea and garden pea, is a cool-season legume cultivated worldwide. ‘Green pea’ is the term used by the FAO for peas harvested when the seed is still green and succulent to be eaten as a vegetable either fresh or processed. In this review only grain pea cultivated for dry production will be considered.
World grain pea production in 2013 was more than 11 million tons (Table 1). About …show more content…

Snow peas and podded sugar peas are eaten as whole pods (‘mangetout’). Immature pea seeds (green peas or ‘vining’ peas) are also usually canned or frozen and used as the familiar vegetable. Dry peas, for example marrowfat peas, are widely used for soups and similar dishes.
Pea seeds are nutritious due to their high protein content (23 to 31% of seed dry matter), minerals, carbohydrates and fibre (Dahl et al., 2010; Gueguen and Barbot, 1988; Świątecka et al., 2010). Moreover, peas contain several active compounds. These include polyphenolics, vitamins, saponins and galactose oligosaccharides (Dahl et al., 2012). Seed composition is influenced by climate and soil (Nikolopoulou et al., 2007).
For livestock feed, Lanza et al. (2003) noted that replacing soybean meal with peas did not significantly affect the growth and meat quality of lambs. According to Brenes et al. (1989) and Gatel and Grosjean (1990) pea seeds are used for non-ruminants animals (i.e. pigs, poultry) feeding in Europe. Field peas are also grown as forage crop for hay. Intercropping field peas with cereals for forage has become more common in recent years. Lithourgidis et al. (2011) observed that pea-triticale and pa-wheat mixtures produced better forage quality (high crude protein yield) than the other

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