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Intersectional analysis
Intersectional analysis
Intersectional analysis
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Patricia Hill Collins, an active African American sociologist, is best known for her groundbreaking research in the areas of Black feminism and the extensive development of the concept of intersectionality, a term first popularized in 1989 by Kimberlé Williams. Patricia Hill Collins’ main goals are to better the black community through community work, and with her gift as a sociologist/ author. “Throughout her career Collins has advocated for the power of people, the importance of community building, and the necessity of collective efforts to achieving change…an activist-scholar” (Cole).
Born in Philadelphia in 1948, Patricia Hill Collins was the daughter of her secretary mother Eunice Randolph Hill and factory worker/ WWII veteran father Albert
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Wright Mills Award, and more from organizations such as the Association of Women in Psychology and Black Women Historians with the publication of her first book: “Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment”. It is a piece in which she expressed how it is a necessity for groups to create and have a separate space where they can deal with their specific forms of oppressions (based on race, class, and gender) that only apply to them. This concept of intersectionality was introduced and coined first by a fellow feminist Kimberlé Williams, but Patricia Hill Collins was able to further explore the implications and factors of the term. “Patricia Hill Collins built on the work of other fellow travelers and opened new doors that not only expanded our work but influenced younger scholars” (Higginbotham).The researching and popularizing of this concept or theory of intersectionality is what put Patricia Hill Collins on the map as one of the well-known sociologist in this day and …show more content…
It was titled “Fighting Words: Black Woman and The Search for Justice”. In this book she visited old ideas and concepts presented in her 1986 article “Learning from the Outsider Within”, and would expand on those concepts and further flourish those ideas and theories. In 2004 Patricia Hill Collins would pen yet another award winning book titled “Black Sexual Politics”. In this book she does once again to focus on intersectionality however, she chose to make the main focus of the book heterosexism and racism and explained how they intersect in the black community. “She contends in this book that society will not be able to move beyond inequality and oppression until we stop oppressing each other on the basis of race, sexuality, and class,” (Cole). In this book she basically argues that race, sex and class discrimination play large roles in keeping society from further
America have a long history of black’s relationship with their fellow white citizens, there’s two authors that dedicated their whole life, fighting for equality for blacks in America. – Audre Lorde and Brent Staples. They both devoted their professional careers outlying their opinions, on how to reduce the hatred towards blacks and other colored. From their contributions they left a huge impression on many academic studies and Americans about the lack of awareness, on race issues that are towards African-American. There’s been countless, of critical evidence that these two prolific writers will always be synonymous to writing great academic papers, after reading and learning about their life experience, from their memoirs.
In her article “Black feminist thought in the matrix of domination” Collin states “Race, class and gender constitute axes of oppression that characterize black women’s experience within a more generalized matrix of domination.” By “matrix of domination” she means black women mostly affected oppression because of the race, class and gender factors of the matrix of domination but other group of people might be affected for other dimension of the matrix such as ethnicity and
Collins, Patricia. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York, NY: Routledge, 2000
On Being Young-A Woman-and Colored an essay by Marita Bonner addresses what it means to be black women in a world of white privilege. Bonner reflects about a time when she was younger, how simple her life was, but as she grows older she is forced to work hard to live a life better than those around her. Ultimately, she is a woman living with the roles that women of all colors have been constrained to. Critics, within the last 20 years, believe that Marita Bonners’ essay primarily focuses on the double consciousness ; while others believe that she is focusing on gender , class , “economic hardships, and discrimination” . I argue that Bonner is writing her essay about the historical context of oppression forcing women into intersectional oppression by explaining the naturality of racial discrimination between black and white, how time and money equate to the American Dream, and lastly how gender discrimination silences women, specifically black women.
In our society of today, there are many images that are portrayed through media and through personal experience that speak to the issues of black motherhood, marriage and the black family. Wherever one turns, there is the image of the black woman in the projects and very rarely the image of successful black women. Even when these positive images are portrayed, it is almost in a manner that speaks to the supposed inferiority of black women. Women, black women in particular, are placed into a society that marginalizes and controls many of the aspects of a black woman’s life. As a result, many black women do not see a source of opportunity, a way to escape the drudgery of their everyday existence. For example, if we were to ask black mother’s if they would change their situation if it became possible for them to do so, many would change, but others would say that it is not possible; This answer would be the result of living in a society that has conditioned black women to accept their lots in lives instead of fighting against the system of white and male dominated supremacy. In Ann Petry’s The Street, we are given a view of a black mother who is struggling to escape what the street symbolizes. In the end though, she becomes captive to the very thing she wishes to escape. Petry presents black motherhood, marriage and the black family as things that are marginalized according to the society in which they take place.
Beale, Frances. "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female." An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought. New York: New, 1995. 146. Print.
As presented in many fictional text such as Kindred, Wild Seed and The Appropropriation of a Culture “control” or “power” can be deemed the underlying influence to the concept of oppression and unjust treatment of others due to their race or social status. These fictional texts graphically detail the experiences of African Americans and how they came together as a community when facing the inevitable both in slavery and during the Jim Crow era. There are many other texts that describe the improper regulation of control and what can happen when one race or group has too much. One novel entitled Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston tells the story of a wife who was sentenced to prison after shooting her husband in self-defense after he had contracted rabies and turned violent. Another novel entitled Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor details racism in America during the Great Depression (Goodreads) Despite the slavery era and modern day being two different periods of time, there are still some unresolved issues and situations in which revolve around the idea of racism and oppression. However, unlike back in the day African Americans are able to learn about their heritage and ancestors as well as receive an education so that they may acquired the knowledge necessary to diminish the destruction caused by oppression and dilute the poisonous effects of
Davis employs this tool in order to explain and explore the interaction between race. and class within the context of the women's movement in the United States. those who are predisposed to reject Davis’ primary thesis. Chapter 12 titled "Racism, Birth Control and Reproductive Rights" meticulously examines another issue where tension and conflict is caused by the intersectionality of class and racial oppression. Davis asserts that there was great division.
Historians Mary Dudziack, Micheal Krenn, and Thomas Borstlemann have been credited in this work for their contribution to the struggle for Black equality in that their scholarly contributions share the same historiography as Carol Andersons Eyes off the Prize. Author Carol Anderson uses their works to build upon her own thesis.
us to have intersectional perspectives in order to bring to light real life gendered problems
According to Crenshaw, even though the White House, through their signature gender-and-race targeted initiatives address racism, they still tend to undermine and ignore black girls. Okazawa-Rey and Kirk define racism as racial prejudice and discrimination that are supported by institutional power and authority, where there is an existence of the ideology of white superiority and is used to the advantages of white people and the disadvantages of people of color (Okazawa-Rey and Kirk G-5). This leads Crenshaw, to use the next theory, sexism, as a base to elaborate her article, thus naming it, ‘Black Girls Matter.’ Sexism can be defined as the “attitudes, actions, and institutional practices that subordinate individuals because of their gender” (Okazawa-Rey and Kirk
In her article "Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination" bell hooks argues that the distance between the white and black races created a tense relationship between the two. This tension caused a multitude of problems that are still present today including systems of domination, stereotypes of one another, white naivety of their privilege and fear of white individuals. Similarly, Ruth Frankenberg 's article "White Women, Race Matters" discuss these issues but from the perspective of a white feminist. Many of the same points can be connected to hooks ' arguments because the main aspects with races focus on the idea that whiteness is a perspective in which we see ourselves, others and society and also that whiteness continues to remain
Placing it in a historical and racial framework, both terms serve of major importance in the larger subject. For instance, self-definition, involves challenging the political knowledge-validation process that resulted in the construct and portrayal of stereotypical images of Afro-American womanhood. Whereas self-valuation stresses the content of Black women’s self-definitions, successfully replacing externally-derived images with authentic Black female images (Collins 2000). By presenting both definitions Collins provides an inclusive presentation of both affecting terms. To further explore some of the marginalized subjugation that Black women struggle with, Collins includes a passage from an interview conducted by Ms. White which aims to bring to light an image of a white woman as the white man’s dog and the black woman as the white man’s mule. Serving as a powerful image, the example portrays the stereotypes that women in general face in particular the class division within white and black women face under the white male dominant structures. In tying back the terms of self-valuation and self-definition, Collins explores the dynamics that are involved the themes in Black feminist thought, adding the interlocking nature of oppression, and the importance of redefining culture. Compiled together these themes are what Collins utilizes to question and critique the engagement of Black academics within the realm of sociology. In particular Collins explores “…how the combination of sociology’s paradigms and Black women’s outsider within status as sociologists” led to the questioning and research in various subjects (2000). This is a similarity that Du Bois and Collins shared in that the structure they were a part of—the study of sociology—allocated them and their research as less than, because it did
Thomas, Deborah A. "Modern Blackness: "What We Are and What We Hope to Be"." Small
Racial discrimination was brought to the peak of popularity in mass media in the 1960's with the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. Southern United States was the front line of the battle for equal rights for not only black men, but also black women. The unification through the terrors of racism brought hope and a fighting chance to the cause. Kathryn Stockett uses the characterization of Minny Jackson through point-of-views of herself and other characters in her novel, The Help, to develop the conflicting ideas of the African American women ideology, Africana womanism.