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History of modern architecture
History of modern architecture
History of modern architecture
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*Introduction:*
The Parthenon and Pantheon are both important, creative and innovation architectural pieces of structure that have enormous impact and play important role in the lives of people during their time. Both structures come from distinct cultures and time but share some similarities in their overall symbolism and meaning.
The aim of this write up is to consider the style and function of each building as examples of their structure.
It also aims at drawing a comparison and differences between both structures. These will be captured in the details below as their bases of comparisons and similarities.
*Background information:*
The Parthenon was built in ancient Greece and pre-dates the Pantheon by about six centuries; it was built
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Columns:
The column of the Parthenon is larger in size and each is a piece of stone. Also the floor of the Parthenon are of Doric column this represents a style of architecture and implies that, there are some designs on the top called triglyphs and metopes.
Light is let in between column.
The column of the Pantheon is of the Corinthian order (more fanciful). It is toppled with a dome; with granite imported from Egypt a symbol of their dominance on Egypt. Concrete was also used. Granite was mostly used for the column while concrete was used for the floor and most part of the building. Light comes from the hole in the middle of the roof.
Similarities
Both structures are ancient buildings and were used as temples for gods.
Both uses column and geometrical structures; the Parthenon used rectangle while the Pantheon used a sphere.
The interior of both are made of bronze.
*Conclusion*
The Parthenon and Pantheon are well known structures during their time. The Parthenon is an epitome of the Greek's magnificent architecture and the Pantheon shows how the Roman architecture is both similar and different to that of the
Although the Pantheon and the Cathedral of Chartres are both some of the greatest architectural advances in history they are very different. We can compare the time that each of the buildings was built, where and for who they were built for, and why they were built. Another thing we can compare is the structure of the buildings and the type of material they are built from.
The Parthenon was an amazing and important temple. Dedicated to Athena, the goddess of war and wisdom, it was a very important temple to the Greeks. Greeks worshiped all of their gods by building temples for them and giving sacrifices. Most of the sacrifices were sacred tiles designed especially for the gods, not many were human.
The exterior of the Pantheon, like its history, went through many metamorphoses. The porch of the old temple used to stairs since the construction later raised the ground level leading to the portico. The temple has a Greek facade that has a granite pediment that lies upon the giant Corinthian columns. Although the columns are not like the Greek ones that have drums: they are not segmented. The temple was originally framed by a colonnade and surrounded with other temples as well. The structure was built with with concrete and was once faced with marble. Basalt was used for its foundation; and pumice was used to build the building’s upper structure (Rickerson, 222). The building composed of a rectangular pronaos (portico) with
Pantheon and Hagia Sophia Pantheon and Hagia Sophia are two extremely outstanding architectural pieces of their times. They have been built according to the traditions of those particular times. The materials used to built these buildings and the purpose for which they were used are all very important aspects and have been briefly covered in this report. Pantheon The statesman Agrippa built pantheon in 27 B.C. Then it was completely rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian. The Pantheon is remarkable for its size, its construction, and its design. The dome was the largest built until modern times. The present structure was probably originally built as a temple for all the pagan gods. We do hear of it as being a law-court and a reception area for Emperor Hadrian meeting his quests too. Some say that the rotunda of the building was once a Roman bath. Due to all this mystery, the Pantheon is often referred to as the Sphinx of Rome. The visitor will probably not appreciate the construction as much as the Flavian amphitheatre, but it is still a great masterpiece of engineering and well worth a visit. Most Roman and Greek temples at the time of the Pantheon's construction were large, colonnaded, rectangular enclosures with sanctuaries situated in their centers. The Pantheon was different. It consisted of a large circular drum topped with a hemispherical dome. It is a masterpiece of both engineering and art a lasting memory of Ancient Rome’s might. Roman architecture is architecture of wall and enclosed tactile space. Individual column with entablature is no longer the basic architectural unity. Spatially, it shows a development from closed, simple space units and regular articulation to more complex spatial relations, more fluid interpenetrati...
The philosophical ideas of Plato that relate to the Parthenon include whether the structure is an element of the Visible World or the Intelligible World. In my opinion, Plato would view the Parthenon as an object in the Visible World. The Parthenon is a one of a kind monument that is tangible and exists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Plato's view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics, the Tripartite Soul, the simile of the line, and the artistic qualities of architecture, Plato's, as well as my view of the Parthenon will become evident.
Building the Parthenon was a greater feat than they ever would have known. Work on the Parthenon began in 477 BC. A much smaller shrine already stood on this site, one to which we can attribute various pieces of surviving decorative material--lions and snakes, a cornice incised with flying birds, and a blue-bearded trinity that may conceivably represent Cecrops, Erechtheus, and Poseidon. If such an edifice in fact existed, it was torn down to make way for a huge limestone platform, roughly 252 by 103 feet in size, that was built as a base for the new temple. The slope of the Acropolis was such that while on the north side the foundations rested directly on bedrocks, the southeast corner needed to be built up with no less than twenty-two courses, in order to correct a vertical drop of thirty-five feet. This was only the beginning of the temple. The actual base of the new temple was smaller than the platform, as can be still be clearly seen. The temple itself was Doric, with a peristyle of six columns at each end and sixteen along the sides. Except for the lowest course of the base, the structure was to be built entirely of Pentelic marble.
From the front the building looks like a lintel and post style build, but it is actually a circular building. If you approached the Pantheon when it was originally built you would have approached through a colonnade that would have hidden the barrel shaped of the main part of the building. When looking at the Pantheon from the front you see the traditional architectural design of the time, for a grand building, the pillars and the pediment. The pillars are made from single pieces of marble in a Doric style, which were imported from Egypt. The pillars rise up from the floor and fuse with the pediment with intricate Corinthian capitals. The Doric style presents itself again in the frieze because it is plain and only contains a Latin phrase.
The foundation of Greek culture was balance, reason, and harmony which can be unveiled in their art. As the civilization heavily revolved around religion, massive temples were built to serve the Gods. Greeks believed in many Gods, meaning they had polytheistic views . This notion of polytheism passed down to the Romans who adopted nearly the exact same deities and built similar architecture as well. One of the most famous buildings of worship was the Greek Parthenon built around 447-432 B.C.E, worshipping the goddess Athena . While building these brilliant pieces of art, concepts regarding laws and the natural world from philosophers were being incorporated in the structure. Pillars were often built in temples and various buildings in both Greek and Roman cultures. Doric, ionic, and Corinthian stand as the main three pillars built; each of them becomes increasingly more elaborate by order. For example, the Corinthian was the most intricate. Romans quickly developed a taste for this form of architecture and incorporated into theirs later on. The Romans however were very inventive, and began to develop the arch, vault and dome to add to what they emulated from the Greeks. Using these elements the Romans built what is known as the Coliseum, built over a 10 year span from around 70 AD to 80 AD. The Coliseum was said to hold 50,000 spectators and was used for entertainment
The Pantheon of Hadrian is known as one of the most important architectural buildings of ancient Rome. The Pantheon that stands today was built by Hadrian and his architects between the years 118 and 128 A.D. (Stamper 2005: 186). Designed by Roman emperor Publius Aelius Hadrinus, or Hadrian, the building served to celebrate his ascension into power. This paper emphasizes on the design of the Pantheon’s rotunda and its ties to divinity. Its circular design easily identifies the iconic building along with the oculus feature that allows sunlight to stream from the top. The Pantheon is a structure meant to connect the human world with the realm of the cosmos and order.
The Greek Parthenon was a triumph of its time. Its practical function has given shape to buildings ever since. It was used as a bank, civic center, temple and museum. These are the kinds of buildings that line modern streets. Its rustic style gave way to domes and Corinthian columns but its fundamental design continues through the ages. As for the Pantheon, it still stands as a marvelous museum because of its strength in design and awe inspiring shape.
Their most recognizable columns are the Ionic, Doric, and Corinthian. These different columns can be found on notable buildings such as the White House, or just driving through various neighborhoods. One of the most recognizable building in Greece is the Parthenon, which directly influenced the Supreme Court Building. Though the Parthenon has Doric columns and the Supreme Court Building Corinthian, they both have the same first impression. Both, when viewed from the front, have eight columns supporting a triangle of marble. The triangle is very ornate, possessing detailed sculpting of various
Its dome remains the largest dome in the world up until now (to this day). Historically the original name of the Pantheon was lost. But we know that ‘pantheon’. The Pantheon has the open structure of columns in front of the main entrance. The triangle roof of the portico called the pediment. It was originally filled with bronze sculptures. The portico has eighth Corinthian columns in front, each a roughly forty feet tall and two groups of four columns behind those. At the back of the portico, near the main entrance, are several niches that probably held statues of Julius Caesar, Augustus Caesar and Marcus Agrippa.
A diversity of skilled laborers was employed to build a framework required to raise stones required to make ceramic tiles for rooftops. Specialists were utilized to measure the fittings to fortify the block of stones to form the essential paraphernalia for modeled scenes. Athenian sculptors discretely etch sculptures for the roof and columns of the temple’s structures. Columns are made of limestone and marble as a foundation to support the ceilings. For example, the Parthenon, made in 447 B.C. to 432 B.C. in Greece, representation of a municipal designed by architects that took interest in each part of the development. The Greek establishments have been fundamental to the general architectural exquisite components regularly that utilizes of reconstructing a whole building. Despite the fact that the Ancient Greeks constructed numerous buildings, the temple best represents the points and techniques for the designs that the Greeks signify. The temple ordinarily fused on at least one or more sections of columns encompassing each of the four sides. The perpendicular formation of the temple adjusted to a request to alter the course of structures bound together by the standards of symmetry and
The Parthenon is an amazing Greek temple that was built 2,500 years ago. Even the architects of today have numerous questions about how it was constructed and how it has held up through its eventful past. The Parthenon's detailed appearance is not its only meaningful quality. The Parthenon was constructed as a temple to the goddess, Athena, and as an icon of the Greek people themselves. The Parthenon represents the Greek ideals of humanism, idealism, and rationalism.
While houses, and stoas did have columns they were certainly not as ornate as columns on temples like the Parthenon. So to an ancient Greek the column would have been primarily associated with monumental temples. However, in Rome the collm j was used in a number of different buildings from, basilicas, to baths, to the emperor’s palace. The use of columns as decorations also began in Roman times as seen in buildings like the colosseum. In much more recent times, elements from both Greek and Roman architecture have been combined and used on numerous important buildings. Some of the most obvious examples of this are courthouses, which often have a very striking columnar faced emulating that of Greek and Roman temples. So through the study of ancient architecture one can understand why this architectural style means today, as well as what it means