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Compare pantheon and parthenon
Compare pantheon and parthenon
Compare pantheon and parthenon
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Introduction
In this week’s assignment I will make a comparison and description of two famous buildings: Pantheon and Parthenon. They are both ancient temples, but built in different periods and with different purposes. Both temples went through (natural and human) catastrophes that damaged their architecture, but fortunately they were repaired (or at least partially).
Discussion
The Pantheon building was built around 113-125 A.D. in Rome, with the purpose of worshiping their gods and today is being weekly used by the Roman Catholic Church. Its columns are characterized by the Corinthian style (8 in the front and 4 in the pronaos) and the medium of this building are many, like marble, granite, concrete and brick. The round shape of the building makes it unique and which is the most unreinforced concrete dome and the largest. This temple went through different periods and served as an inspiration for so many other architects and artists. The temple used to have steps on its entrance, but now its ground level. The church also added details to increment the interior of the temple, putting statues, high altars, paintings and even tombs.
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in Athens, with the purpose of serving the goddess Athena, and today is a museum. The Parthenon’s columns (8x17) are characterized by the Doric style, where the columns fluted and have no base. Getting to the pronaos (front porch) of the temple, you can find six other columns and this is also where you could find the cult statue. On the back entrance, opisthodomos, you could also find six other columns, and this area was used as a treasury. Even though the Parthenon temple in general is considered Doric, there are ionic features in this building like: the frieze around the building in a continuous pattern and “four columns supporting the roof of the opisthodomos” (The Parthenon,
One of the most defining features of both the Pantheon and Jesse Hall is the larges domes that sit atop their structures. When the Pantheon was created, there was no dome ever created to the scale or size of the one that tops the building to this day. The dome itself sits on a drum like structure that supports the structure. The top is not completely curved like many other domes today. A stepped dome is used near the bottom and begins to curve more towards the top where the oculus sits. This oculus allows any sort of element into the building including sunlight, rain, and snow. The Pantheon, being a space of religious worship when originally created used the dome for many different purposes. In Understanding Architecture, extra contributor David Wat...
As the timeline of humans progressed since the very first settlements, so did the way humans built structures. Human beings became smarter and the planning behind enormous structures became more intricate and marvelous. Further back in history, places of worship played an enormous part in the everyday lives of everyone in those times. Different civilizations have built great temples of worship that have expressed their love of a deity (or deities). These great buildings embody the very best that those people can offer: their best engineering, their best carpentry, their best architecture, their best decoration. Two great examples are the Romanesque Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy and the Gothic Chartres Cathedral. While these two structures are
After learning more about these two buildings, I discovered that the Romans were “inspired” by Greek architecture. The columns used in both are common to Greek architecture. Based on the photos that were viewed from online searches, it appears that the Romans were more ornate during the construction of their temple which can be seen by their choice of building materials, such as marble. The Parthenon seems to have had more simple lines. It was rectangular in shape as opposed to the Pantheon that was rounded in many areas, particularly where the sculptures of the gods were. This was to lend to the idea that they were on the same level and that no god was given more preferential treatment since the Pantheon was to honor all of them equally. The structures resemble one another in that they both have those ominous columns as a way to emphasize the dominion the gods had over the
We can observe this through the “civic as well as religious function” that the temple had maintained in the past (The Iconography of Sacred Space: A Suggested Reading of the Meaning of the Roman Pantheon 25). It was originally built in honor of Augustus, yet “as a man at the service of the people”, he felt that it would jeopardize his image (Purpose of the Roman Pantheon). Hadrian later rebuilt this piece of
Pantheon and Hagia Sophia Pantheon and Hagia Sophia are two extremely outstanding architectural pieces of their times. They have been built according to the traditions of those particular times. The materials used to built these buildings and the purpose for which they were used are all very important aspects and have been briefly covered in this report. Pantheon The statesman Agrippa built pantheon in 27 B.C. Then it was completely rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian. The Pantheon is remarkable for its size, its construction, and its design. The dome was the largest built until modern times. The present structure was probably originally built as a temple for all the pagan gods. We do hear of it as being a law-court and a reception area for Emperor Hadrian meeting his quests too. Some say that the rotunda of the building was once a Roman bath. Due to all this mystery, the Pantheon is often referred to as the Sphinx of Rome. The visitor will probably not appreciate the construction as much as the Flavian amphitheatre, but it is still a great masterpiece of engineering and well worth a visit. Most Roman and Greek temples at the time of the Pantheon's construction were large, colonnaded, rectangular enclosures with sanctuaries situated in their centers. The Pantheon was different. It consisted of a large circular drum topped with a hemispherical dome. It is a masterpiece of both engineering and art a lasting memory of Ancient Rome’s might. Roman architecture is architecture of wall and enclosed tactile space. Individual column with entablature is no longer the basic architectural unity. Spatially, it shows a development from closed, simple space units and regular articulation to more complex spatial relations, more fluid interpenetrati...
Building the Parthenon was a greater feat than they ever would have known. Work on the Parthenon began in 477 BC. A much smaller shrine already stood on this site, one to which we can attribute various pieces of surviving decorative material--lions and snakes, a cornice incised with flying birds, and a blue-bearded trinity that may conceivably represent Cecrops, Erechtheus, and Poseidon. If such an edifice in fact existed, it was torn down to make way for a huge limestone platform, roughly 252 by 103 feet in size, that was built as a base for the new temple. The slope of the Acropolis was such that while on the north side the foundations rested directly on bedrocks, the southeast corner needed to be built up with no less than twenty-two courses, in order to correct a vertical drop of thirty-five feet. This was only the beginning of the temple. The actual base of the new temple was smaller than the platform, as can be still be clearly seen. The temple itself was Doric, with a peristyle of six columns at each end and sixteen along the sides. Except for the lowest course of the base, the structure was to be built entirely of Pentelic marble.
The foundation of Greek culture was balance, reason, and harmony which can be unveiled in their art. As the civilization heavily revolved around religion, massive temples were built to serve the Gods. Greeks believed in many Gods, meaning they had polytheistic views . This notion of polytheism passed down to the Romans who adopted nearly the exact same deities and built similar architecture as well. One of the most famous buildings of worship was the Greek Parthenon built around 447-432 B.C.E, worshipping the goddess Athena . While building these brilliant pieces of art, concepts regarding laws and the natural world from philosophers were being incorporated in the structure. Pillars were often built in temples and various buildings in both Greek and Roman cultures. Doric, ionic, and Corinthian stand as the main three pillars built; each of them becomes increasingly more elaborate by order. For example, the Corinthian was the most intricate. Romans quickly developed a taste for this form of architecture and incorporated into theirs later on. The Romans however were very inventive, and began to develop the arch, vault and dome to add to what they emulated from the Greeks. Using these elements the Romans built what is known as the Coliseum, built over a 10 year span from around 70 AD to 80 AD. The Coliseum was said to hold 50,000 spectators and was used for entertainment
As one of the greatest structures in Rome, the Pantheon was built between 118 and 128 CE. It is described as the most remarkable ancient building surviving in Rome. After being destroyed and rebuilt twice, it was renamed the “Temple of the Gods”. In 126 AD, the Pantheon was restored to its glory, by the architects who at that time has learned and mastered their craft in concrete construction in the Greek Classical order. They constructed a massive 25 foot thick walls which was to support the huge dome made of concrete to be placed at the top. The dome was the largest ever made of unreinforced concrete at 43.4 meters in diameter (Matthews, Roy and Platt pg. 5).
During his visit back to Rome as emperor; Hadrian created plans for the revered Pantheon (McEwen 1993: 56). Hadrian played a key role in the many buildings constructed during his reign. McEwen writes that “unlike those of Augustus, and of the imperial builders who succeeded him, Hadrian’s building activities involved, to an uncommon degree, the personal participation of the emperor himself. If, like his predecessors, Hadrian was a client who commissioned buildings, he was—exceptionally—their architect as well.” (McEwen 1993: 55). The participation of the emperor in constructions is interesting to note since many rulers chose architects to create their monuments rather than participating directly with their designs. The Pantheon is praised for its architectural construction and monumentality that is not present in other pieces. Very few buildings were domed like the Pantheon but they never reached its scale (Mark & Hutchinson 1986: 24). Three important sections compose Hadrian’s Pantheon which are: the pronaos, an intermediate block, and the domed rotunda (Stamper 2005: 188). The temple went through many changes over the course of time. The once bronze tiled roof shone brightly with bronze statues that were removed in later years (Joost-Gaugier 1998: 27). These additions to the temple created an impression of extravagance and it also reinforces the relations with the sun.
A diversity of skilled laborers was employed to build a framework required to raise stones required to make ceramic tiles for rooftops. Specialists were utilized to measure the fittings to fortify the block of stones to form the essential paraphernalia for modeled scenes. Athenian sculptors discretely etch sculptures for the roof and columns of the temple’s structures. Columns are made of limestone and marble as a foundation to support the ceilings. For example, the Parthenon, made in 447 B.C. to 432 B.C. in Greece, representation of a municipal designed by architects that took interest in each part of the development. The Greek establishments have been fundamental to the general architectural exquisite components regularly that utilizes of reconstructing a whole building. Despite the fact that the Ancient Greeks constructed numerous buildings, the temple best represents the points and techniques for the designs that the Greeks signify. The temple ordinarily fused on at least one or more sections of columns encompassing each of the four sides. The perpendicular formation of the temple adjusted to a request to alter the course of structures bound together by the standards of symmetry and
The Parthenon is an amazing Greek temple that was built 2,500 years ago. Even the architects of today have numerous questions about how it was constructed and how it has held up through its eventful past. The Parthenon's detailed appearance is not its only meaningful quality. The Parthenon was constructed as a temple to the goddess, Athena, and as an icon of the Greek people themselves. The Parthenon represents the Greek ideals of humanism, idealism, and rationalism.
The Parthenon was built during the Golden age in Athens, Greece. The Parthenon is made of mainly columns; there is a 9:4 ratio. It was almost destroyed in war; the ruins that remained were dedicated to Athena. The purpose of the Parthenon was to house the statue of Athena, made of ivory and gold, and also Athena’s treasure. The ratios and the equations used to make the Parthenon were used as a sign of the harmony in the natural world around us. The mathematical harmony in the world shows how we can work with the world rather than destroy to make it what we want. The Parthenon also has no straight lines. The columns of the Parthenon are angled going up getting smaller the higher they get. This was done so that you could get the best lighting
The Parthenon was a stepping stone in architecture for many other cultures because it was something that hadn’t been built like anything else before and made other want to try and built something as similar to it as possible. With modern day stone cutting implements, construction of the Parthenon by the same stone masons and sculptors would require at least double the time, and the quality of the surfaces would not approach the level of perfection left by ancient tools so it would be I’m possible today to complete construction in so perfect manner in the astounding time of eight years. The Parthenon was built as a temple in honor of the goddess Athena. I feel as though The Parthenon was built as a stylized, spiritual, peaceful and complex piece of art. It was spiritual because it was a temple where the people during this time would come worship
In Ancient Greece, religion dominated their life, so it is understandable that their architecture would be dominated by their religion. Before Greece became many different city-states, they had kings, and they would build a room called a megaron to show they King’s authority. A typical megaron is a single chamber with a fire pit in the middle with a throne off to the side. This room opened up into a porch (portico) that had four columns in the front. After there were no more kings these megarons turned into temples. The fire pit, which turned into some type of altar or a place to show a sacrifice for that god, was now outside in front of the temple. The altar was now outside so people could see you make these sacrifices to their gods. The first Greek temples were made out of wood and were long rectangular buildings with a porch all the way around which was supported by columns made from tree trunks. A Greek temple consists of five basic parts: the pediment, entablature, columns, base, and the cella, or the inner sanctum. The pediment is triangular and would have a type of sculpture or ornament known as acreteria on each corner. An entablature consists of three parts: the cornice, frieze, and architrave, which holds up the pediment. The columns are the support between the entablature and the base. The base usually consists of three steps. The cella is the inner sanctum, which has different rooms with more columns for support. Each temple would have a cella but they were not identical.
First and foremost the Parthenon was the largest structure to use a doric order design, which is the first style of classical architecture and set the standards for beauty, harmony and strength for all European architecture. Today, many political buildings are made from marble or a similar material further representing wealth while friezes today are heavily decorated the same way as the Parthenon's. From the White House in Washington DC to ancient temples in Rome, it is very common for a town's local library, museum or court house to be influenced from the Parthenon. The Greeks having the first true form of democracy which America has later adapted for their capital buildings. The Parthenon was an expression and symbol of Athenian wealth and successes.