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Causes of Panic Disorder
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Panic Disorder Research Paper
Skyllar Boos
Psychology
Panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause. Panic attacks do not happen out of normal fear. Panic attacks happen without reason or warning. If you have panic disorder it could come from one of the following: family history, abnormalities of the brain, substance abuse, or major life stress(Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-panic-disorder). This disorder is in the category of anxiety and depression. Panic disorder belongs to axis one, which is clinical disorders, this is the top level of the DSM multiaxial
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Women are more likely to have panic disorder than men. Early adulthood and adolescence is when people usually develop panic disorder(Retrieved March 28, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_disorder). An average of six million adults living in America will experience panic disorder in one year(Facts & Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, from http://www.adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics). The essential features in the DSM are recurrent, unexpected panic attacks(Panic Disorder (DSM-IV-R) - Panic Disorder, Cont. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2016, from http://www.biopsychinstitute.com/psychiatric-disorders/panic-disorder?start=1 ). According to the DSM, two unexpected panic attacks are required for the diagnosis, but most people have more. Individuals with this disorder frequently also have predisposed panic attacks. The doctor bases the diagnosis off of the intensity of the symptoms, the frequency of panic attacks, and the doctor's observation of the patient's behavior. Moderate is considered once a week, severe is considered daily. A lot of people do not know that their disorder is a real life thing and treatment is highly effective. Many people blow it off and don't speak up about it, making it worse. The associated features documented in the DSM are feelings of anxiety that are not focused on any situation or event. Individuals often …show more content…
Even though there are ways to help it become minor, no one should have to live with this.
This visual represents the main types of anxiety. Panic order being one of them. As you can see it's labeled that it's a quick hit of terror. Also, as I was saying earlier, it comes with symptoms such as difficulty of breathing. This picture that is with it really goes well because it's surprising and unexpected.
People with panic disorder feel all of these things, it probably makes most or even all, sick to their stomachs. Just like this picture is
Agoraphobia is a psychological disorder characterised by panic and anxiety. This particular anxiety disorder involves the fear of experiencing a panic attack in a public place where safety may be unavailable, which causes discomfort (Lilienfeld, 2017). This disorder is commonly recognized in women and often arises during adolescent years. Often times, people develop agoraphobia after a previous panic attacks, which than causes them to worry about having another in the future (Agoraphobia, 2017). This results in avoidant behaviours, such as evading places where an attack may occur. There are many causes, symptoms, effects on both the individual with the disorder and their loved ones, as well as a variety of treatments available.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual has, until now, classified Agoraphobia as a Panic Disorder. With publication of the DSM-V, it is now a stand-alone disorder, and is no longer coupled with Panic Disorder.
Panic disorder- sudden intense and unprovoked feelings of terror and dread. People who suffer from this disorder generally develop strong fears about when and where their next panic attack will occur, and often restrict their activities as a result.
There are many characteristics associated with anxiety. Frequently, people with anxiety experience tightness in their chest, a racing or pounding heart, and a pit in their stomach. Anxiety causes some people to get a headache, to sweat, and even make them have the urge to urinate.
The onset of Panic Disorder can begin in between late adolescents and mid 30’s, 3-5% of people can develop this disorder with it being more prevalently developed in women....
Panic disorder and generalized anxiety according to the DSM-IV-TR are classified as anxiety disorder. In this paper we will be discussing panic and generalized anxiety disorder looking into the different aspects such as contributing theories and what appropriate treatment can be use to help ease the symptoms of these disorders. According to the DSM-IV-TR panic disorder is a recurrent panic attack. It typically begins with the sudden onset of intense apprehension, fear, or terror. Panic disorder is a serious condition that strikes without reason or warning, for example they do not occur immediately before or on exposure to a situation that almost always causes anxiety. Therefore attacks can’t be predicted and may cause people to become stressed, anxious or worried wondering when the next panic attack will occur. Statistics show that 40% of all young adults have occasional panic attack, especially during times of intense stress, such as exam week.
Along with being the most widespread mental health disorder, women are more likely to be affected by most anxiety disorders than men. Anxiety disorders are often characterized by feelings of worry, uncertainty, anxiety, or fear, which can be so intense, it can interfere with a person’s daily activities. Therefore, it is likely for a person struggling with an anxiety disorder will find themselves unemployed, financially dependent on others and even have poor quality social relationships as well. As an anxiety disorder may affect other functional impairments, it is also important to be aware of its development considering an anxiety response affects various populations and individuals differently.
Everyone at some point have experience fear due to a situation that overwhelms us. This is an essential response of our bodies that can help us survive. However, when these fears are constant, they can disable an individual. Panic disorder (PD) it’s a mental illness that leads a person to have recurring panic attacks, (Strickland, 2001). Panic attacks in people with PD arise unexpectedly, situationally predisposed and / or by situations that remind them experienced dreadful events. PD can be categorized under two types: PD with or without agoraphobia. Agoraphobia is the fear of being in a situation or place in which the person thinks that would be difficult or embarrassing to escape. Some individuals develop agoraphobia after the first episodes of panic attacks; others acquire it years later, (Key, 2012).
Panic disorder is an anxiety-repeated disorder that affects approximately five percent of the population (Roy-Byrne, Craske, & Stein, 2006). A diagnosis of panic disorder requires that the individual experiences recurrent panic attacks with any of the following: worry about the possibility of future attacks, avoiding places or situations in which the individual fears a panic attack may occur, fear of being unable to escape or obtain help, or any other change in behavior due to the attacks (Roy-Byrne, Craske, & Stein, 2006). Panic attacks are often sudden and the sufferer usually experience physical symptoms such as autonomie, otoneurological, gastrointestinal,or cardiorespiratory distress (Roy-Byrne, Craske, & Stein, 2006). Individuals who suffer from panic disorder typically utilize medical services at a higher rate than those who do not have panic disorder, an impaired social life, and a reduced quality of life (Taylor, 2006). Often times those who suffer from panic disorder may also suffer from depression and general anxiety (Taylor, 2006). According to the Stanford University School of medicine, approximately 50 percent of patients diagnosed with panic disorder will develop depression and approximately 50 percent of depressed patients will develop panic disorder (Taylor, 2006). In addition those who suffer from panic disorder have a higher incidence of suicide, especially those with comorbid depression (Taylor, 2006). Not everyone who experiences a panic attack suffers from panic disorder (Roy-Byrne, Craske, & Stein, 2006). The same physical symptoms of panic disorder may occur when an individual is faced with specific fears and potentially dangerous situations (Roy-Byrne, Craske, & Stein, 2006). The difference b...
"Anxiety/Panic: Symptoms & Types." WebMD - Better Information. Better Health. Web. 10 June 2010. .
Anxiety disorder is a type of abnormal behavior characterized by unrealistic, irrational fear. These types of disorders are diagnosed two as often in women as in men. Although these disorders can be very chronic and serious, they are easily treatable. Generalized anxiety disorder is when people experience fear and worry that is not focused on one specific aspect; nevertheless, they suffer greatly with headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations, and insomnia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, better known as OCD, involves persistent, unwanted, obsessions and irresistible urges to perform compulsions in order to relieve anxiety. Unlike other anxiety disorders, OCD consists more of anxiety and worry rather than fear itself. Many people who experience OCD are aware that there is no motive behind their actions, however their anxiety is heightened when they try to ignore the compulsions. People with such anxiety disorders often experience sensitivity to other people’s views as well as worry over their surroundings.
These are many variations of symptoms that a person may encounter which have very different side effects some more severe than others. One of the main problems associated with panic disorder is the intense fear of having another attack. It’s recommended to seek out medical help as soon as possible – they are very hard to manage on your own and my subsequently become worst over time. Possible factors that may contribute to the many causes would be genetics, major stress, temperament that is more susceptible to stress, certain changes in the way parts of your brain function, major changes in your life, experiencing a traumatic event, Some research suggests that your body’s natural fight or flight response to danger is involved in panic attacks – (Mayo Clinic)
Panic attacks are the third kind of phobia. They can change the quality of a person’s life. Someone with a phobia this bad may be shopping at the supermarket and suddenly experience dizziness and a feeling of being out of control. At that moment, the person experiences a fear of dying, with no safe place to go. When this happens more than once, the person might think they are going crazy. Someone with panic attacks soon won’t leave the house because of fear of a panic attack happening outside the house. Soon, depression s...
...se of mental health services through health reform (2006). Many mental disorders can be treated effectively and people do recover (2010, 09 06). Many times mental disorders go untreated and it is very important that family and friends don’t let this go ignored and seek help for their loved ones.
People who are feeling anxious often exhibit some physical symptoms that are easy for a person to identify, while others are harder to recognize visually. For example a person may feel restless, have a choking feeling, increased heartrate, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, hot flashes or chills, and numbness which people are unable to notice unless they the person with these symptoms tells them what is happening. A person would be able to see someone feeling anxious starting to shake, breathing heavily, or having sweaty palms. People that are feeling anxious will also exhibit behavioral differences. For example, they will begin avoiding situations, trying to leave situations they feel anxious in, becoming self-destructive, limiting themselves, and becoming attached to objects and people. People who engage in these kinds of behaviors are usually coping with the feeling of anxiety or trying to avoid feeling anxious to begin with. Anxiety can also change ones cognitive thought processes, causing them to question various aspects of their lives, even if they have no direct effect on them, or it the effect would not occur for a while. Anxious people have difficulty handling the unknown, often feel they are going crazy, and feel trapped. It is important to identify these behaviors and physical symptoms in oneself and in others to avoid a potentially dangerous situation and to prevent one from allowing their anxiety to become uncontrollable or to find someone help if it is already becoming too