Natural Disaster Pamphlet - Volcanos
What are Volcanoes?
A volcano is a opening or rupture on the earth’s crust. The rupture leads to a pool of molten magma, near the core of the earth. When the earth’s crust ruptures, pressure builds up, resulting in an eruption occurring to release the pressure. Toxic gases and rocks shoot up through the opening, overflowing the air with hot lava fragments. This can bring floods, avalanches, and can even provoke tsunami and earthquakes.
How are they formed?
Volcanoes are created when magma from within the Earth's crust rises to the surface. At the surface of the volcano, the manga erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time, these lava flows and ash deposits increases in size.
What are
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Continental Crust The hard, exterior layers of the earth, in which these include the rocks that make up the continents.
Dormant volcano A volcano which is currently inactive, however there may be a chance of it erupting again.
Eruption The procedure by which all sorts of materials are ejected into the earth's atmosphere and onto the surface of the earth. These eruptions vary from the flowing of liquids to powerful explosions.
Extinct Volcano A volcano that is not erupting and is unlikely to for a very long time in the future. It is usually called a dead volcano.
Fault A break or rupture in the earth's surface. When the fault moves, earthquakes are caused, releasing magma and letting it rise to the surface.
Fissures Small and long cracks on the sides of a volcano.
Hot Spot The centre of a volcano that is usually 100 to 200km across and has been going on for tens and millions of years, meaning that there is still a consistent rise of hot mantle material inside the volcano.
Lava Lava is basically magma that has arrived to the surface of the earth after a volcanic eruption. This is usually used to describe liquified rock that comes from a
Over the centuries, the making of the Big Island as we know it today eventually entailed the growth and conjoining of six separate volcanoes, building all the way up from the seafloor, some 18,000 feet below the ocean’s surface. These volcanoes, from northwest to southeast, are named Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa and Kilauea, and become younger as one moves north to south. Mahukona Volcano, just off the Big Island’s northwest coast, was the first volcano to start forming. Now submerged beneath the surface of the ocean because it is sinking into the Earth’s crust under its own vast weight, Mahukona is no longer visible. As the Pacific Plate slowly continued moving northwestward over the hotspot, the location of the rising magma moved relatively southeastward, and through time the rest of the Big Island volcanoes formed along that path.After Mahukona, Kohala Volcano, the precursor to today’s Kohala Mountain, erupted next. As Kohala Volcano emerged from the sea and joined with Mahukona, a much larger Big
...e than 30 volcanoes that have erupted over the past 300,000 years in the Lassen Peak volcanic area.
Basalt forms due to the partial melting of the layer of the mantle called the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is the plastic zone of the mantle beneath the rigid lithosphere. Mantle plumes coming from the mesosphere can cause the asthenosphere to melt with heat or even if pressure decreases, which is called decompression melting (Richard 2011). The magma that forms from this melting is mafic magma that solidifies once it reaches the earth’s surface and cools quickly. The above process mainly occurs mainly during intraplate igneous activity which is the main explanation for volcanic activity that occurs a long distance away from a plate boundary. If the tectonic plate above the mantle plume is moving it can create a string of volcanic activity such as in Hawaii. See Fig 2.
Volcanoes. The naturally forming landforms that can look remarkably beautiful. Gentle slopes, or high rising heights with snow caps and greenery that seems to attract many tourists and sightseers around the world. These magnificent landforms can also cause major destruction and can produce forces that can explode, burn, and create a great deal of damage. Two of these extravagant wonders of the world is the Mount Saint Helens composite volcano in Washington, US, and the Mauna Loa shield volcano in Hawaii, US. These landforms have a eruption history of many colors. One has a great power in eruption, but another has a eruption that is quiet and gentle. In comparing these two volcanoes there are many likes, and dislikes, to consider. So the following
Stories about volcanoes are captivating. Myths come in different versions, but all of them are capable of capturing yours, and everybody’s imagination.
It has a strombolian eruption style but hasn’t erupted in this century. Another massive volcano in Mexico called Iztaccihuatl is located right next to Popocatepetl. Iztaccihuatl is the third highest mountain in Mexico and is a stratovolcano. It’s nickname woman in the white comes from it looking like a sleeping woman when looking from the valley in Mexico. The last earthquake nearby Iztaccihuatl was on July twenty-seventh two thousand and fifteen. The last time this volcano erupted is unknown but they predict it was less than eleven thousand years ago. Paricutin is a volcano that grew right on top of a cornfield and was witnessed by the farmer. This volcano has a strombolian eruption style which means it has many different explosions that shoot a few meters into the air. This volcano is located in west central Mexico and is currently dormant. It consist of cinder cones that have been active but are not currently. The Tacana volcano is on the Mexico Guatemala border. It’s a stratovolcano that stand four thousand and sixty meters tall. Tacana is currently dormant but last erupted in nineteen eighty-six. When it erupted it spit out some ash which killed some plants but otherwise cause no
Volcanoes can cause damage by spewing lava, but earthquakes before the eruption can also cause damage. These earthquakes open fissures and let magma out to the surface. When the magma exits these fissures, streams of lava up to hundreds of feet can shoot into the air. The picture below shows the lava erupting from the fissures created by the earthquakes in...
Super volcanoes are formed when magma rises from the mantle to create a scorching reservoir in the Earth's
same liquid rock matter that you see coming out of volcanoes. On Earth's surface, wind and water can break rock into pieces. They can also carry rock pieces to another place. Usually, the rock pieces. called sediments, dropped from the wind or water to form a layer.
comes up in a crack in the Earth’s crust, it does not come to the surface, but
Volcanoes can be one of the most destructive forces on Earth. It is estimated that some
Igneous rocks are formed from the ejection of earth’s volcanoes. Deep down inside earth’s mantle there lies hot magma. Magma is molten rock that is kept below the surface. This mixture is usually made up of four parts: a hot liquid substance which is called the melt; minerals that have been crystallized by the melt; solid rocks that have made themselves tangled in the melt because of loose materials, and finally gases that have become liquid. Magma is created by an increase in temperatures, pressure change, and a alter in composition. When this magma is ejected from earth’s crust it earns a new name called lava. The lava hardens and becomes an Igneous rock.
The interior structure of the earth is made up of crust, the mantle and core (inner core and outer core). Earthquakes occur on the crust. Crust forms the external layer of the earth surface. On the crust, the plate tectonics forces are in charge of causing the abrupt earth movements. Due to the existence of an immense temperature and concurrent pressure difference in the outer layer and inner layer of the earth, convection currents occur at the mantle. This energy results from overwhelming decomposition of radioactive substances contained by the rocks found at the interior of the earth. The developed convection currents lead to movement of lava; cold lava finds its way to the interior of the earth crust, while the molten lava which is generally hot, leaves the interior of the earth to the outside of the earth crust. These kinds of circulations occur at different locations of the earth surface and consequently results in segmentation of the earth due to movement in different directions.
Volcanoes are formed when magma is expelled from the Earth’s surface, resulting in volcanic eruptions consisting of ash and lava. Over time, the lava cools and forms into rock on the Earth’s surface. Whenever an eruption occurs, the newly-formed rock from the lava layers continuously until the volcano takes its shape. Volcanic eruptions have taken place for thousands of years, and even today, according to the U.S Geological Survey (2010), there are approximately 1500 active volcanoes located throughout the world.