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Water crisis in Pakistan
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Case study
Topic
“Dam’s construction in Pakistan”
“Name: Syed Abdullah Sherazi Semester: B.S 7th Reg No: 096 Submitted to: Sir Khalid Mehmood Subject: Sustainable Development”
Contents
• Introduction
• Dam’s problem in Pakistan
• Controversial Dam issues Pakistan
• Importance of Dams for Pakistan
• Dams in Pakistan
• Diamer Bhasha Dam, many projects are under progress
• Ongoing Projects
• Benefits of Dams
• Conclusion
Introduction:-
An important sustainability issue of the present growth pattern in Pakistan is the energy constraint.
First there is growing divergence between the demand for energy and the measures taken to increase its supply. Second the impact of the energy shortage on domestic industry and investment
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Some people do not drink a lot of other wastes. Witnesses heads grow Suiting woman's hand kilometers floods and harvest massive urban car was watering irrigation, while on the other hand.
Arid land Pakistan is heavily dependent on annual monsoon rains and melting glaciers. From these sources of water flowing down the river and the sea. On the way, escapes to a country that, water or aquifer rocks receive and store water. Most countries, but rarely with little or no precipitation into surface waters. Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP) pointed out that Pakistan's total available surface water for roughly 153 million acres feet (MAF) and the total supply of underground water for about 24 MAF, most of which have been extracted, but not natural recharge. Currently estimated at $ 16 billion, which will be the Pakistani population doubling the 2.5 decades. This means that the availability of water per capita decreases. There may be a net decrease, rather than increase water resources in the country, due to a number of factors, including population growth, climate change and water
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It is not distributed evenly around the world, or even the year of their unequal availability of the same locality so. Although part of the world is water shortages, it is prone to drought, other parts of the world, which is rich in water, facing a tool to optimize the management of available water resources challenging. Undoubtedly, the river is a great gift of nature, and has played an important role in the evolution of civilizations, but in many cases the river, weather, flood, has seriously undermined the lives and properties of people. One of the most important issues in the management of rivers has been, therefore, are considered. Specific plans to optimize water resources management requirements must evolve river as they found after extensive research, technical and economically feasible various basins. Since the advent of civilization, man has built dams and reservoirs to store excess water during the rainy season and during the lean period using available. Dams and reservoirs around the world have been playing water governance and socio-economic growth to accelerate to alleviate the suffering of the dual role of many people in the world from the vagaries of floods and droughts suffered. Dams and reservoirs to meet these basic human needs significant contributing:
Water shortage in arid and semi-arid regions and declining its availability to a crisis ...
The path that the United States took to become the largest consumer of power in the world was one largely chosen by market forces and government intervention. The role of culture on the use of energy is negligible in comparison with the influences of economic and political factors. The choices to adopt several new methods to produce energy were caused by the backing that these energies had in creating wealth or saving money for those who used the new energy and by the backing of the government through direct and indirect subsidies. One can examine the transitions to coal, oil, nuclear power, and current transitions toward green energy in order to see that the market forces are the dominant factor in dramatic increase of energy consumption in the United States.
In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, John Muir, a naturalist, and Marsden Manson, an engineer for the city of San Francisco, engaged in a heated debate over the construction of a dam in Hetchy Hetchy Valley. Muir wanted to preserve nature for the future, so he objected to the dam because he felt it would destroy the beauty of the area. On the other hand, Manson believed building a dam would provide water and electricity to the thousands of people who lived in the city of San Francisco, and this would preserve the well being of the human race for the future. Both men had good points and arguments to support their views; however, in the end you have to look out for your own kind. If there is a choice about the well being of the human race or nature, I believe there is only once choice to be made – the future support of the human race.
As the global population increases exponentially, having passed six billion in 1999, the world population is expected to be 8.9 billion by the year 2050. The worlds energy consumption will increase by an estimated 54 percent by 2025. Energy demand in the industrialized world is projected to grow 1.2 percent per year. Energy is a critical component of sustained economic growth and improved standards of living. One of the major requirements for sustaining human progress is an adequate source of energy. As the world’s technological enhancements and standards of living improve, so too does their appetite for electricity.
One of the largest geographic physical structures in the United States is the Colorado River. Human activity and its interaction with this great river have an interesting history. The resources provided by the river have been used by humans, and caused conflict for human populations as well. One of these conflicts is water distribution, and the effects drought conditions have played in this distribution throughout the southwestern region. Major cities such as Las Vegas, Los Angeles, San Diego, and other communities in the southwest depend on the river. It provides water for over 20 million people, irrigation for 2 million acres of land, four thousand megawatts of hydroelectric energy, and over twenty million annual visitors for recreation purposes. Also, once in Mexico, the river provides water to irrigate half a million acres of farmland, and municipal and industrial water for 2 million people living in this delta region. The river distributes its flow from lakes and canals along its journey as well. Due to climate change, human demand, natural forces like evaporation and human-induced climate change this water supply is in conflict. Also, a recent change that began in March of 2014 will bring a temporary water surge to the delta of the Colorado River for the first time in many years to help restore this region, and it’s possible it could reach the Sea of Cortez once again.
The term ‘energy crisis’ is not unfamiliar to anyone. For almost have a century this ever-growing issue has been disregarded and dismissed as something trivial and insignificant, allowing it to further intensify and develop into a critical situation; a situation that has resulted in becoming the root of all our problems including the degradation of our environment, the downfall of our economy and the dissolution of our social welfare. During the past three decades, promises have been made, projects have been unsuccessful and the issue still exists. On July 15, 1979, President Jimmy Carter delivered his “Crisis of Confidence” speech, whereby he addresses the energy crisis that America was facing due to the lack of oil in the country. In his
Today’s population consumes enormous amounts of energy. Even with the new energy efficient products that are available on today’s market, Stats Canada claims that Canada’s energy demand continues to rise each year. This energy demand growth could be attributed to many causes such as: population growth, dependence on technology, development in under developed world countries.
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, over half of the oil used in the USA is imported. Most of this imported oil is located in the middle east and is controlled by OPEC members. Subsequent oil price shocks and price manipulation by OPEC have cost our economy dearly—about $1.9 trillion from 2004 to 2008—and each major shock was followed by a recession (Reduce). We may never be able to fully eliminate our need to import oil, but we can reduce cartel market control and the economic impact of price shocks by reducing our demand (Reduce). One way we can reduce our reliance on oil is through investing in renewable energy. Solar power, wind power, and hydro power are all forms of energy which come from renewable resources. Unlike oil, solar, wind and hydro electric power is abundant and can be obtained locally.
The year is 2200. The world is going through a fossil fuel shortage. Oil reserves are almost completely consumed and it is becoming impossible to find new fossil fuel sources. Not prepared for this event to occur, The United States, has no alternative options. As a result of the oil shortage, the standard of living deteriorates. Heat in homes, supermarkets full of food, and transportation, all basic necessities taken for granted, will be depleted because fossil fuels are used to power almost everything. The key to the prevention of this future is renewable energy. Unfortunately the support for the use of renewable energy is weak and ineffective. Unless the US puts forth effort to research and promote the use of renewable energy to consumers, conversion from fossil fuels to renewable energy will no longer be an option.
Many people have already dammed a small stream using sticks and mud by the time they become adults. Humans have used dams since early civilization, because four-thousand years ago they became aware that floods and droughts affected their well-being and so they began to build dams to protect themselves from these effects.1 The basic principles of dams still apply today as they did before; a dam must prevent water from being passed. Since then, people have been continuing to build and perfect these structures, not knowing the full intensity of their side effects. The hindering effects of dams on humans and their environment heavily outweigh the beneficial ones.
Developed countries struggle with managing water consumption. Our high demand in agriculture, industry, and domestic use further complicates this issue. With increasing urbanization and extravagant changes in lifestyle, our use and wasting of water will only increase. As of this year, nearly 1.1 billion people live without clean drinking water and 2.6 billion live without adequate water sanitation. The McDonald's down the street, however, will sell you a 1/3 pounder burger for only 150 gallons. Changes in lifestyle can easily reduce this number and help not only save water, but money as well. Currently, with our diminishing water supply, one of the main goals of humanitarian organizations is ensuring that everyone has t...
Agriculture is the lynchpin in the economy of Pakistan and 67% population of this country is living in rural areas with more than 60% earning their bread and butter directly or indirectly through this sector. Pakistan is also blessed with integrated and largest irrigation system of Pakistan serving approximately 18 million hectare of cultivated land. The water of the Indus River and its principal tributaries (Kabul, Swat, and Kunar from the West, Jehlum, Chanab, from the East) feed this system. Thus the reliance of Pakistan agriculture Pakistan on this irrigated system as more than 80 percent of agricultural output comes from irrigated farms. Likewise, 40% of the world’s food supply is produced on the irrigated land (Johnson III 1995). However, canal water is a critical input for agricultural productivity and it’s inadequate and non-availability at critical stages of the crop is forcing farmers devoid of timely application on inputs resulting considerable reduction in yields. It is also apt to mention that agriculture uses 95% of water in Pakistan compared to domestic or industrial usage (Bhatti et al., 2009). The requirement of Water in Agriculture was 149 Million Acre Feet in 2000 and 215 MAF in 2013 and will rise to 277 Million Acre Feet in the year 2025. This situation warrants for immediate action as further deterioration will be suicidal and can harm the federal fabric of this country as well.
middle of paper ... ... g the Energy Revolution." Foreign Affairs. Nov/Dec 2010: 111. SIRS Issues Researcher.
Water scarcity is harmful to human life because when water is poorly managed throughout the world, those who need water are deprived of nutrients they truly need, causing them to die. This eventually affects the global population. Therefore, many experts have proposed several solutions such as the LifeSaver Bottle, TrojanUVPhox treatment system, and Waste Water Recycling. The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well, the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development.
Water is an integral part of not only human beings but all other creatures in the world. We use it every day for different purposes such as domestic, agricultural and industrial. Water has always been a prestigious resource. However, the majority of people do not appraise water’s worth since they do not face water scarcity; whereas, in third world countries it is one of the most serious problems. Nearly 2.4 billion people have a lack of water resources in the world, shows the investigation done by the Pacific Institute, an Oakland, California-based non-profit scientific research group. Moreover, every year this number is growing gradually and more people are suffering (Bloomberg News, 2010). There are certain causes which deteriorate current situation. The most influential reasons are global warming, pollution by human-beings and overpopulation. It is known that India is one of the countries which face water scarcity so this essay will consider the possible ways of solutions of water shortage in India.