P53 Protein Lab Report

Introduction

TP53, more commonly known as the Tumor Suppressor Gene is what protects a gene from over developing into cancerous cell. TP53 is responsible for regulating nuclear processes within the chromosome ultimately maintaining the cell's cycle and making sure it stays on its correct course, even assisting in apoptosis. The TP53 gene sends signals to make a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This protein is the tumor suppressor itself, it regulates cell division by keeping cells from proliferating too fast or uncontrollably. The p53 protein is located at the nucleus of all cells in the body, and it binds directly with DNA. Human protein p53 is a phosphoprotein; it has a very specific structure closely related to its function. The

P53 is very significant to apoptosis, DNA damage, and gene stability through complex mechanisms. P53 can respond to DNA damage through DNA repair protein. An example of this would be when DNA damage occurs, p53 gets started and begins the transcription of repair protein XPC and DDB2. The domain p53-XPC-DDB2 can repair the DNA damages(Adimoolam and Ford, 2003). As Well, p53 put a halt to the cell cycle at S, G1, and G2 phase (Agarwal et al., 1995), which can provide time for proteins repair to fix the damaged DNA.

The beginning of apoptosis,, is the most significant anti-cancer function of p53. If DNA damage is not repairable, p53 can activate pro-apoptosis genes such as p21, DNA-damage-inducible protein 45, Bcl-2 family, and growth arrest, etc. Furthermore, p53 can interact with hundreds of proteins to maintain the cells processes and apoptosis. P53 can also keep the cell cycle in check by repressing the expression of genes like bcl-2, bcl-X, cyclin B1, MAP4 and survivin (Bai and Zhu, 2006). The physiological responsibilities of p53 are keeping the genetic stability and regulating the normal cell cycle through a regulatory network system. A mutation of Tp53 gene would cause a loss of function in the p53 protein, ultimately resulting in a cellular canceration. The function of p53 is preventing cancerization of cells by repairing genes or activating apoptosis. To achieve these functions, p53 interacts

A tumor suppressor may have several mechanisms to suppress cancer cell growth. The most important tumor suppressor p53, as it’s associated with about 50% of human cancer cases, can trigger DNA repair processes, induce the transcription of other tumor suppressors, such as p21 and p16, and initiate cell apoptosis. Besides extreme growth in cancer research and discovering of many tumor suppressors, the underlying mechanisms that allow tumor suppressors function are not clear. Only four major mechanisms of tumor suppressors have been discovered: induction of apoptosis, suppression of cell division, inhibition of metastasis and DNA damage repair. Generally, p53 can lead to nucleotide excision repair which removes damaged DNA portions and facilitates synthesis from other