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Relationship between stress and physical illness
Stress impact on health short note
Stress impact on health short note
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In the past thirty years there have been a significant number of studies done to establish a connection between psychological stress and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD refers to the negative change towards the normal process of the heart and blood vessel system (What Is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)?, online). Psychological stress is defined, but not limited to being a demanding condition in which the normal behavioral conditions are exceeded thus overwhelming the behavioral resources of the organism (Kamarck, 2012). In the world today it has been shown that the impacts of psychological, social, and environmental stressors from daily lives are increasing the physical well being of individuals. Two different types of stressors can attain cardiovascular responses: "acute major life stressors and chronic exposure to continuing stressors" (Dimsdale, 2008). A stressor is any condition which causes stress on an individual. One may be exposed to acute stressors during periods of intense stress that are not regular to one’s lifestyle. Those who are exposed to constant chronic stressors are at an increased risk for hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke (Hojt, online). The increased levels of psychological stress present in individuals lives is providing for alarm due to the direct correlation it has with risk for cardiovascular disease. Research done by Thomas Kamarck exposes the association between psychological stress and cardiovascular disease. Kamarck's studies focused on monitoring ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) within a group of individuals. ABP is unique in that it is measured in regular intervals. ABP measurements are collected in the “natural environment” of the test subject and have been associ... ... middle of paper ... ... Journal." Psychological Distress as a Risk Factor for Death from Cerebrovascular Disease. N.p., June 2012. Web. 04 June 2013. Herd, J. A. "American Physiological Society Physiological Reviews." Cardiovascular Response to Stress. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 June 2013. "High Blood Pressure (hypertension)." Netdoctor. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 June 2013. Hojt, D. A. "Effects of Stress on Your Heart." EzineArticles.com. EzineArticles.com, n.d. Web. 04 June 2013. Kamarck, Thomas. "Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: An Exposure Science Perspective." Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: An Exposure Science Perspective. N.p., Apr. 2012. Web. 04 June 2013. "Stress and Cardiovascular Disease." European Heart Network (2006): n. pag. Web. "What Is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)?" What Is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)? N.p., n.d. Web. 04 June 2013.
In the Unnatural Causes film, UC Berkley Professor and Epidemiologist, Leonard Syme, states that an important component of overall health is the “ability to influence the events that impinge on your life,” or another words, the means by which you are able to effectively manage the stressors in your life will greatly impact your health (2015). It is common knowledge that stress can negatively impact your health and the film points out that chronic stress affects the body by increasing cortisol levels, heart rate, blood pressure, circulating glucose levels and decreases the immune system’s response. All of this increases the risks of diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic illnesses (Smith, director, 2015). If we have power, control and
Therefore, prolonged stress included adverse psychological and physical health effects as well as the increased risk of premature death (Denollet, J., et al.
Jones, F, Bright, J, Clow, A (2001). Stress: myth, theory and research. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. p. 12.
"Cardiovascular Disease: Facts, Disease Prevention and Treatment Strategies." Cardiovascular Disease: Facts, Disease Prevention and Treatment Strategies. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013.
Recently, studies of stress have shifted from demonstrating relationships between psychological factors and somatic outcomes, to investigations of the mediational pathways involved in these associations. For example, (Cohen and Williamson, 1991) have built on the work of Lazarus’ model by suggesting that once an environmental event is encountered, it is appraised, and an affective response is made. After this response is made, a cascade of behavioral and physiological processes is activated. Behavioral factors such as increased alcohol use, reduced exercise, changes in sleep quantity/quality, and changes in diet, have shown to be related to stress. In turn, stress-related changes are associated with many hormonal fluctuations known to influence susceptibility to disease (Schedlowski and Tewes, 1999).
What is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)?. (n.d.). What is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)?. Retrieved October 23, 2013, from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Caregiver/Resources/WhatisCardiovascularDisease/What-is-Cardiovascular-Disease_UCM_301852_Article.jsp
The pounding of your heart is preparing you for what’s ahead. If you 're breathing faster, it 's not an issue. It’s only leading more oxygen to the brain. And participants, who learned that their stress response is helpful in their performance, were less anxious, less stressed and more confident. In a typical stress response, your heart rate rises, and blood vessels constrict. This constriction is why chronic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease. Although it is not healthy to always be in such a tranquil mood, participants view their natural responses as strengths and their blood vessels remained relax. While their heart was still pounding, it is a healthier cardiovascular profile. . This “profile” actually resembles what you see moments of joy and courage. Over a countless amount of stressful experiences, this simple biological change could be the difference between a stress-induced heart attack at age 45 and living well into your 80s. This shows that your views on stress really do
As opposed to the 19th century where the prevalence of preventable infectious disease was the leading cause of mortality, we face a new challenge today: decreasing the occurrence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and strokes. Overwhelmingly so, cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the United States. This can be attributed to the state of poor psychological health and poor behavioral choices promoted by a variety of biological, psychological, and social influences. A healthier lifestyle is linked to a longer lifespan and better quality of life for an individual, so in order to promote a healthier lifestyle the dangers and risks of everyday life must be recognizable and approachable. Current questions I want to answer is; What is the most effective heart disease prevention, onset, and intervention methods? Looking through the biopsychosocial model scope is useful because it is a recent and practical framework to implement and operationalize.
People are exposed to numerous amounts of positive and negative events throughout their lifetime. No one is given a life that is perfect or free from difficulty. Whether it is a death in the family, chronic illness, house fire, automobile accident, or any other type of impacting event, stressors are bound to occur throughout one’s life. Since people are constantly exposed to stressors in life, it is essential that one is able to adequately cope. There are three types of responses to stress. The first is the positive stress response, which is a normal and brief response to stress and is characterized by a mild increase in heart rate (“Toxic Stress,” 2017). One example of a positive stress response could be the slight apprehension one feels before
Just as breast cancer is killing our African American women, heart disease is also one of the major diseases killing our women. Heart disease is one of the nation’s leading causes of death in both woman and men. About 600,000 people die of heart disease in the United States (Americas heart disease burden, 2013). Some facts about heart disease are every year about 935,000 Americans have a heart attack. Of these, 610,000 are a first heart attack victim. 325,000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack. Also coronary heart disease alone costs the United States $108.9 billion each year. This total includes the cost of health care services, medications, and loss of productivity. Deaths of heart disease in the United States back in 2008 killed about 24.5% of African Americans.
Stress has been known to have an adverse affect on an individual’s physical, mental and social health. Stress can be defined as an autonomic response to any demand that can include change (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d.). These demands or stressors do not affect all people equally and can contribute to illness through various direct and indirect health behaviors (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanath, 2008, p. 211). Due to positive or negative stress, health behavior characteristics affect each individual differently. “ How individuals experience and cope with stress affects whether and how they seek medical care and social support”, which can cause a negative impact on the addressed health behavior (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanath, 2008, p. 212).
Chronic stress can worsen an already existing problem in the body. In a recent study, the participants improved drastically from chronic stress after learning how to control the triggers of stress (Nguyen, 2012). The triggers included negative thoughts and pain. For this reason, stress is a more of a negative social determinant of health. This section analyzes stress as a social negative determinant of health based on several considerations supported by scientific research (Stroebe, 2011). According to recent scientific reports, stress affects the health of an individual in two ways: physiologically and psychologically. Firstly, it is clear that the human body is build to withstand a given degree of stress. When the stress surpasses this level, it becomes distress, a negative stress stimulus (Karelina & Devries,...
Stress." helpguide.org. Ed. Melinda Smith, Joanna Saisan, and Lawrence Robinson. N.p., Nov. 2010. Web. 11 May 2011.
During this response certain hormones are released, which speed the heart rate, slow digestion, and reroute blood flow, in order to elicit the desired response of fight or flight. The behavioral response to stress involves coping. “Coping refers to active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress” (Weiten & Lloyd, 2006, pp.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Another positive effect of stress is the body’s ‘fight or flight’ response. Emergency situation cause your body to need increase amounts of blood, oxygen and food to support your muscles in either fighting the danger or escaping from it. “Stress aids survival, especially in cases when extraordinary effort can overcome real physical danger. Stress prepares the body to fight against or to escape from danger. This so called fight-or-flight response was particularly useful for prehistoric people who faced life-threatening predators”. (Ronald, 2014). The experience of Steve Kux and Warren Everal shows how amazing our emergency response system is in our bodies. When Steve Kux’s helicopter went down and Kux was pinned underneath, his co-worker Warren Everal lifted the 1500 kg helicopter off of his friend’s body. The extreme stress Everal’s body was under caused his adrenal glands to mass produced epinephrine in that moment allowing him to display ‘superhuman’ strength. His emergency response system activated due to stress permitted him to save his friends life.