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Borderline personality disorder case study
Borderline personality disorder case study
Borderline personality disorder case study
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“The disorder that doctors fear most,” or borderline personality disorder as it is known throughout the medical community, is only one of several personality disorders plaguing society today (qtd. in Aldhous). Unfortunately most people suffering from personality disorders do not attempt to seek psychiatric help and go undiagnosed and the bulk of those who do contact medical professionals are already in the midst of a problem or only search for help following a reckless act (Aldhous). Personality disorders are one of the most prevalent diagnoses of the psychiatric community, with thirty-six to sixty-seven percent of patients in psychiatric hospitals or facilities diagnosed with some sort of personality disorder (Yeandle 21). Even in an age full of so many technological advances in the psychiatric field, an understanding of personality disorders is not common among non-medical personnel, and it is important for people to take a closer look at the types of personality disorders and their respective symptoms, the diagnostic process and its need for reform, and the existing therapies and treatments available for those living with the heavy burden of a personality disorder. People typically think of personality disorders as a simple concept, but they are truly a complex topic with several different classifications. The most major division of the types of personality disorders is into clusters, the first being Cluster A (Burton). Cluster A is comprised of odd, bizarre, and eccentric personality disorders, such as paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorder (Burton). Paranoid personality disorder is best described as a severe lack of trust, even in the people closest to the affected (Burton). Those with paranoid personalit... ... middle of paper ... ... several various types of personality disorder, every aspect is complex and widely misunderstood by the general populous. Works Cited Aldhous, Peter. "Fix You." New Scientist 27 Aug. 2011: 46-49. Print. Burton, Neel, MD. "The 10 Personality Disorders." Psychology Today. Sussex Publishers, LLC, 29 May 2012. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. . Daniel, Pamela. "Types of Therapy for Mental Health." CRS - Adult Health Advisor (2013): 1. "Treating Borderline Personality Disorder." Harvard Mental Health Letter 26.12 (2010): 1-3. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. Yeandle, Jane, Liz Fawkes, Chris Gordon, and Elizabeth Challis. "Risk Assessment and Management of People with Personality Disorders." Mental Health Practice 17.2 (2013): 21-23. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Dec. 2013.
Denise Gilmartin, a 26 year old female, exhibits behaviors which meet criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder. Denise exhibits unstable intense interpersonal relationships characterized by idealization and devaluation (Criterion 2). She has a history of brief tumultuous relationships and friendships. They start of with quick intense attachments and are described by Denise as “wonderful” and “incredibly special” (idealization); however, these feelings quickly devolve into “contempt” and “loathing” (devaluation). Additionally, Denise displays an unstable sense of self (Criterion 3). Her unsteady employment history is partially explained by dramatic shifts in interests. She switched from marketing to legal work to waitressing. It is also important to note that interpersonal issues underly most of her
Feature, Matthew. "Cognitive Therapy Treatment for Depression: Techniques & Benefits." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 23 May 2014. .
In order for someone to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, they must experience at least five of the following symptoms: 1) fear of abandonment, 2) a history of intense and unstable relationships with family, friends, and loved ones, which often go back and forth between idealization (which includes love and extreme closeness) to devaluation (which includes extreme hatred or anger), 3) a disto...
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects about 4% of the general population, and at least 20% of the clinical psychiatric population. (Kernberg and Michels, 2009) In the clinical psychiatric population, about 75% of those with the disorder are women. BPD is also significantly heritable, with 42-68% of the variance associated with genetic factors, similar to that of hypertension. BPD can also develop due to environmental factors such as childhood neglect and/or trauma, insecure attachment, and exposure to marital, family, and psychiatric issues. (Gunderson, 2011)
In addition, it seems that some individuals with borderline personality disorder have a number of regions on their brain with abnormal function and structure. It is suggested that many individuals with this illness have altered functioning of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in their brain. This alteration has been linked to depression, aggression, and difficulty in controlling destructive urges. Two other neurotransmitter, dopamine and noradrenaline, though little evidence has been found suggests that if altered they may be associated with emotional instability. Researchers have been using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to study the brains of individuals with this mental illness. They discovered that problems in the amygdala, hippocampus, and the orbitofrontal cortex may be linked to the symptoms of borderline personality disorder. (Borderline personality disorder- causes,
middle of paper ... ... Retrieved June 16, 2002, from http://nimh.nih.gov/publicat/numbers.cfm. National Mental Health Association. 2000 May 15.
The history of BPD can be traced back to 1938 when Adolph Stern first described the symptoms of the disorder as neither being psychotic nor psychoneurotic; hence, the term ‘borderline’ was introduced (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15). Then in 1960, Otto Kernberg coined the term ‘borderline personality organization’ to describe persistent patterns of behavior and functioning consisting of instability, and distressed psychological self-organization (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15).
The purpose of this paper is to discuss Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and treating said disorder with Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). BPD is a mental illness that is distinguished through problems having to do with controlling emotions. The inability to control emotions often leads individuals to have unpredictable moods, a low self-esteem, and become deficient in relating to others. DBT is one of the more beneficial types of psychotherapy when addressing BPD. The main focus of this type of psychotherapy is to assist individuals in regaining authority
This often leads to misdiagnosis because borderline personality disorder is typically comorbid or similar to A.D.H.D or A.D.D in this particular aspect. In a general sense it also has other comorbidity such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. These other symptoms often lead to completely missing the diagnosis. Furthermore, there is a large stigma with personality disorders because there is not a lot of information on them and many therapists and psychiatrists refuse to treat them. There is no specific drug or cure to this disorder only coping methods or a suppression of symptoms are available. Many borderlines that do seek out treatment are often turned away or seen as resistant to change, additionally, Hancock
The ways parents adhere to the importance to the upbringing of their children are early factors that can lead to or prevent BPD later in life. The strength of family and history of intrapersonal relationships of first between both parents and then their influence and actions towards their children also are of emphasis when understanding BPD. Last but not least, tragic and emotionally harming events like sexual abuse act are also not to be ignored or forgotten. While DBT is a useful way to seek help and treatment, it is not a first priority in terms of stopping the development of Borderline Personality Disorder. The first priority is psycho-education so that these types of disorders can be decreased in terms of prevalence and prevented from occurring at all. Since many cases of BPD start at early and young ages of childhood, it is important that growth at these ages is carefully monitored. If during these early stages of life parents, family re-evaluate the importance of their roles and negative environments can be avoided chances of developing these types of disorders can decrease. Some ways that parents, family and friends can help is by developing positive social communication. Conversations that are open, honest and being sincere listening are all ways that individuals who have felt invalidation or neglected can feel accepted less stigmatized and trust in others. Not only does this allow for the development of well rounded, diverse personalities but also reduces early BPD onset patterns of low self-esteem, abandonment, and impulsions. Additionally, if both parents discuss the importance of their relation and understand how poor relationships negatively affect the future of their children it makes it less risky. By parents setting a good example, generally the child will follow and look up to that later in their life. And last but
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most common of the personality disorders (Psychiatric Nursing 2015). BPD patients may appear sincere, yet they will exhbit a darker side at times of stress, and in fact may experience a roller-coaster type of conflict with self-destructive behavior. This behavior can encompass a large part of their lives and also negatively affecting those around them. BPD patients have problems functioning in their daily lives as the disease pervades their work, social relationships, and their leisure activities.
To be qualified for borderline personality disorder, a patient would need to be diagnosed with at least five of the following criteria: 1. A person that feels abandonment or avoid abandonment whether real or imagined. 2. An unstable and intense pattern within interpersonal relationships whether the person is between the extremes of idealization and devaluation. 3. A person whom is unable to find their identify because they have insecurities that are persistent within their self-image or sense of self. 4. A person whom is self-damaging in at least 2 of these areas such as spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving or binge eating with impulsivity. 5. A person whom is
Borderline personality disorder is a serious mental health condition that can be detrimental to the victim and everyone around them. It has been known to cause unbelievable social turmoil in the surrounding areas. It is hard to maintain relationships with these people, this includes family ties. People with this disorder are known to have self-destructive tendencies, subconscious or not. They struggle to maintain steady friendships and have wild mood changes. It is known to affect about one in every 33 women and about one in every 100 men. It is also estimated that 1.6% of the adult population of the U.S. is affected by BPD but because most BPD cases are misdiagnosed as other mental disorders it is more likely 5.9%. Also in research studies
The primary features of borderline personality disorder (BPD), according to the DSM-V, include emotional instability, unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image issues, impulsive behaviors, fear of abandonment, an intense need for intimacy, and a fear of rejection. A person must meet 5 of 9 criteria to receive a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Alternative criteria based on trait research, with a minimum of four of seven maladaptive traits are also acceptable under the DSM-V (APA, 2013).
This classification infers that the disorder is the result of permanent personality traits and requires continuous treatment. The personality disorder did not appear until the manual’s third edition in 1980. Over the years, the term borderline has come to refer to a collection of symptoms that create an unstable personality arrangement which a person can have (Ogden, Janine). The term borderline personality disorder was coined in 1938 by Adolph Stern (Hebblethwaite, Caroline) and is used to refer to individuals that displayed behaviors that fall on the “borderline” or margins between neurosis and psychosis; meaning one can experience symptoms of neurosis, such as feelings of anxiety, obsessional thoughts, compulsive acts, and physical complaints without tangible evidence of disease, in various degrees and patterns which dominate the personality. An individual will also experience psychosis symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations that indicate flawed contact with reality. According to my research, Axis I disorders such as anxiety or depression, coincide with BPD. It is estimated that more than 90 percent of those with BPD also meet the criteria for depression. Other Axis II personality disorders are also associated with this disorder, such as antisocial personality disorder (APSD), histrionic personality disorder (HPD),