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Psychiatric literature on borderline personality disorder
Psychiatric literature on borderline personality disorder
Psychiatric literature on borderline personality disorder
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There are some mental health conditions that therapists have found very difficult to where the therapy styles that had been used never worked. “Until recently, borderline personality disorder was viewed as untreatable. Over the past 15 years, several studies have established the efficacy of different forms of psychotherapy in reducing core features of the disorder.” (McMain, et al., 2009) With certain types of therapy the person whom once qualified for borderline personality disorder was no longer able to qualify because some of the criteria were able to be reduced. To be qualified for borderline personality disorder, a patient would need to be diagnosed with at least five of the following criteria: 1. A person that feels abandonment or avoid abandonment whether real or imagined. 2. An unstable and intense pattern within interpersonal relationships whether the person is between the extremes of idealization and devaluation. 3. A person whom is unable to find their identify because they have insecurities that are persistent within their self-image or sense of self. 4. A person whom is self-damaging in at least 2 of these areas such as spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving or binge eating with impulsivity. 5. A person whom is …show more content…
What some studies would find “Patient change in BPD is conceptualized primarily as helping the patient to engage in functional, life-enhancing behavior, even when intense emotions are present. Ultimately, our goal was to provide guidance for theoretically and empirically grounded research on the mechanisms of change in DBT.” (Lynch, Chapman, Rosenthal, Kuo, & Linehan,
People with Borderline Personality Disorder tend to view the world as simple as possible. People who view the world like this, confuse the actions of others. (Hoermann et al, 2005) Recurrent thoughts about their relationships with others, lead them to experience extreme emotional reactions, great agony which they have a hard time controlling, which would result in engaging in self-destructive behaviors. Diagnosing a patient with this disorder can be challenging which is why is it is labeled as one of the difficult ones to diagnose. (Hoermann et al, 2005)
An estimated 1.6%-5.9% of the adult population in the United States has BPD, with nearly 75% of the people who are diagnosed being women. Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder include Frantic efforts to avoid being abandoned by friends and family, Unstable personal relationships that alternate between idealizations, Distorted and unstable self-image, Impulsive behaviors that can have dangerous outcomes, Suicidal and self-harming behavior, Periods of intense depressed mood, irritability or anxiety lasting a couple hours/days, Chronic feelings of boredom or emptiness, Inappropriate, intense or uncontrollable anger - often followed by shame and guilt, and Dissociative feelings. The three main factors that could cause this mental illness are Genetics, Environmental factors, and Brain function. This illness can only be diagnosed by a mental health professional after a series of interviews with the patient and family/friends of the patient. The patient must also have at least five of the nine symptoms of this illness in order to be diagnosed. The most common treatment for this illness is some form of psychotherapy. Some other treatment options are to prescribe medications and if needed a short-term
The first case study that I found was of a 26-year-old female named Dal who was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder just by the way of her relationships and her attitude towards them, which would be strong willed not easily to be run over. Now just by looking at her age and how many relationships she said she has had that were serious, which would be six, I believe that she is too young to be considered to even have had one serious relationship. Being her age and the relationships, she has stated that she has been in seriously, is ridiculous. If she has had one partner a year, in which I doubt, that means she has had one partner since the age of maybe 19 or 20. At this age it is hard to even know who you are and what you want in life to even be serious with someone else. I believe her immaturity and little life experiences attributed to her rage, anger and lashing out in her relationships. She has admitted to getting physical and into heated arguments with some of her partners. And with a relationship per year where is the time for self-reflection, there is none, before wounds and scars are healed she has dove into another mentally demanding position in the blink of an
This paper looks at a person that exhibits the symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). In the paper, examples are given of symptoms that the person exhibits. These symptoms are then evaluated using the DSM-V criteria for BPD. The six-different psychological theoretical models are discussed, and it is shown how these models have been used to explain the symptoms of BPD. Assessment of
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has been a disability surrounded by stigma and confusion for a long time, and the time to bring awareness and public understanding to this disability is long overdue. The disability itself often gets misdiagnosed as an other disability since the symptoms overlap with many other disabilities (NIMH, n.d, para 16), or worse case scenario, a medical professional refuses to diagnose or treat the disability due to the belief that these people are untreatable because of a negative schema about the disability and clinical controversies on whether BPD is a legitimate diagnosis (Hoffman, 2007) . However, after nearly three decades of research, it has come to light that BPD does indeed exist, does have a good prognosis for remission with treatment (BPD Overview, n.d, para 3), and that there are many treatment options available such as three different types of psychotherapy (Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Schema-focused therapy), omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and/or medications (NIMH, n.d, para 29, 30, 31, and 39, 41). Even though the disability started as a psychoanalytic colloquialism for untreatable neurotics (Gunderson, 2009), BPD is very treatable and doesn’t deserve the stigma it currently carries throughout society.
In the past, BPD was believed to be a set of symptoms between problems associated with mood and schizophrenia. These symptoms were believed to be comprised of distortions of reality and mood problems. A closer look at this disorder has resulted in the realization that even though the symptoms of this disorder reveal emotional complexity, this disorder is more closer to other personality disorders, on the basis of the manner in which it develops and occurs in families, than to schizophrenia (Hoffman, Fruzzetti, Buteau &ump; Neiditch, 2005). The use of the term borderline has however, resulted in a heated controversy between the health care fraternity and patients. Patients argue that this term appears to be somehow discriminatory and that it should be removed and the disorder renamed. Patients point out that an alternative name, such as emotionally unstable personality disorder, should be adopted instead of borderline personality disorder. Clinicians, on the other hand, argue that there is nothing wrong with the use of the term borderline. Opponents of this term argue that the terms used to describe persons suffering from this disorder, such as demanding, treatment resistant, and difficult among others, are discriminatory. These terms may create a negative feeling of health professionals towards patients, an aspect that may lead to adoption of negative responses that may trigger self-destructive behavior (Giesen-Bloo et al, 2006). The fact however, is that the term borderline has been misunderstood and misused so much that any attempt to redefine it is pointless leaving scrapping the term as the only option.
According to the DSM-5, Personality Disorders are characterized by “impairments in personality functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits”. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of ten personality disorders listed in the DSM-5. The DSM-5 lists several criteria that must be met in order for someone to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. They are quoted as follows:
In the future, awareness of borderline personality disorder and other mental illnesses is critical.We need to be rewired to say the least. Our society needs to better informed on mental illness.These clients should not be ashamed of something they cannot choose to change. As healthcare professionals, we need to become more involved and lend a helping hand to those suffering from mental illness.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) hinders people’s security, makes interpersonal and interpersonal relationships difficult, worsens the person suffering from the disorder’s life and those around them, effects their affect and self-image, and generally makes a person even more unstable (Davidon et al., 2007). This disorder is a personality disorder which effects the people’s emotions, personality, and daily living including relationships with other and job stability. People with BPD may experience a variation of symptoms including but not limited to: intense contradictory emotions involving sadness, anger, and anxiety, feelings of emptiness, loneliness, and isolations (Biskin & Paris, 2012). This disorder makes it hard for the person with the disorder to maintain relationships since they have tendentious believe that people are either strictly good or bad. Also, they are sensitive to other people’s actions and words and are all over the place with their emotions so those in their life never know which side to expect. (Biskin & Paris, 2012)
Although, Susanna was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. I would like to make the case that she was misdiagnosed as while she exhibits some symptoms of the disorder, she doesn’t actually meet the diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder. According to the DSM-5, borderline personality disorder is “a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts” (Diagnostic and Statistical). In order to have the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder an individual must meet five or more of the criteria as stated by DSM-5. Yet, Susanna only meets three of the diagnostic criteria for borderline
Before Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was clearly defined, it was called a “wastebasket” disorder. This meant a patient could be diagnosed with it if they didn’t fit clearly within another certain diagnosis. BPD was often confused with schizophrenia, non-schizophrenic psychoses, and anxiety and depressive disorders. This disorder was commonly said to respond poorly, if not at all, to treatment. Today mental health professionals have proved this remark false. Unfortunately though, BPD is still held under this stigma and is frequently thought to be “untreatable.” According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, BPD is a personality disorder, or Axis II disorder, in Cluster B. This essay will not only provide important information about Borderline Personality Disorder but it will thoroughly outline the etiology, symptoms and prognosis. It will also tell how one can be diagnosed with BPD, how it can be treated and it will highlight a recent study about the brain activity of this disorder.
Linehan addressed the need for effective and empirically supported psychotherapeutic treatment for borderline personality disorder. She discovered important shortcomings in standard cognitive and behavioral (CBT) treatments (Chapman & Robins, 2004). DBT was developed to address difficulties faced when implementing standard CBT to ...
The history of BPD can be traced back to 1938 when Adolph Stern first described the symptoms of the disorder as neither being psychotic nor psychoneurotic; hence, the term ‘borderline’ was introduced (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15). Then in 1960, Otto Kernberg coined the term ‘borderline personality organization’ to describe persistent patterns of behavior and functioning consisting of instability, and distressed psychological self-organization (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15).
What causes BPD is still uncertain but medical professionals such as psychiatrist, psychologist and clinical workers think that it has something to do with genetics, environmental factors and brain functions. Many years ago, people speculated borderline personality disorder resulted from bad parenting. It is now said that Borderline personality disorder can be inherited from a family member who may have had an encounter with the disorder. A family member doesn’t have to have BPD but a related disorder such as bipolar disorder or depression. 60% of people get BPD from their genetics. People who have BPD have different results when taking the MRI. These results oft...
In Medea, Medea shows copious traits of an unstable individual, which I believe to be characterized by borderline personality disorder. “Borderline personality disorder is a mental health disorder that impacts the way you think and feel about yourself and others, causing problems functioning in everyday life. It includes a pattern of unstable intense relationships, distorted self-image, extreme emotions and impulsiveness” (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015, p. 1). Throughout the various actions and emotions displayed by Medea, sorceress and wife of Jason, you can see the relevancy of borderline personality disorder on herself.