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Causes and effects of Hiv/Aids
Introduction and conclusion in the origins of hiv
Introduction and conclusion in the origins of hiv
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Recommended: Causes and effects of Hiv/Aids
According to the World Health Organization, HIV/AIDS is the leading infectious killer in the world with the death toll estimated around 36 million people (WHO, 2014). HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV is very different from other communicable disease because the virus takes over cells in the body and weakens the immune system. It does that by destroying healthy, important cells that fight off disease and infection. The reason your immune system cannot fight this virus is still a question many scientists are seeking to answer, (AIDS, 2014). Scientists know that HIV is capable of being undetected in the cells of our bodies for long periods of time. The HIV virus invades our T cells, which are in charge of cellular immunity, and is able to duplicate itself in these cells and then destroy them. When too many T cells become destroyed the body is unable to fight off this virus, which leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS, (AIDS, 2014).
Scientists are unsure of the exact origins of HIV, but many believe it started when humans came into contact with a certain type of chimpanzee from Western Africa, (AIDS, 2014). There is evidence that monkeys do have a virus like HIV called Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, or SIV, that has been around for many years. Scientists believe SIV transferred to humans from chimps when hunters came in contact with the animal and ate infected meat.
HIV is transmitted in several ways. The virus is transmitted thought sexual contact, childbirth, breast-feeding, occupational exposure and IV drug use, (AIDS, 2014a). Workers in the healthcare field are at a higher risk of getting HIV since it lives and reproduces in body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, an...
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...re heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, and stroke, (CDC, 2013). The life expectancy for a male living in the United States of America is 77.11 years, while a female’s life expectancy is considerably higher at 81.94 years as of 2014. The average birth rate in 2014 in the United States is 13.42 births per 1,000 people, while the death rate is 8.15 per 1,000 people. Infant mortality rate total in 2014 is 6.17 percent per 1,000 live births, (CIA, 2014).
The United States of America is considered the largest and most powerful economy in the world with the highest industries being technology innovator, motor vehicles, and telecommunications, (CIA, 2014). The GDP of the United States sits at $16.72 trillion, which is a 1 percent increase from 2012. The unemployment rate for 2013 is 7.3 percent, and the poverty line is 15.1 percent, (CIA, 2014).
...cused of being patient zero and the one who purposely and knowingly infected as many as 250 men a year on both sides of the Atlantic was nothing but one of the many wrong hypotheses made in this process of finding the origin of the HIV/AIDS virus. The fact that he had single handedly started the epidemic, today is largely discredited by most scientists. With time computer models estimated that the first human infection occurred around 1930, give or take 20 years. The earliest known infection of an identified human dates back to 1959 which was found in a plasma sample taken from an adult male living in the Belgian Congo. Many assumptions and hypotheses were made and a human eating a chimp seems to be the likeliest form the infection occurred.
The United States is ranked 11th in GDP, which is very healthy considering that is has been growing and we should expect it to continue growing. America’s most recent GDP per capita statistic shows that we are at $54.6k . Germany’s GDP is healthy considering its population density. Germany ranks number 16 in the world for GDP Per capita at with 46.4k per capita (OEC.edu). The United States GDP increased by the thousands showing a large increase in the flow of employment throughout the country. Meanwhile Germany’s GDP has increased aswell but not at the same rate with major drops in the past 50 years. The statement is surprising due to fact that their unemployment rate is lower than that of the united
It is crucial to understand that, unlike most transmissible diseases, AIDS/HIV is not transmitted through sneezing, coughing, eating or drinking from common utensils, or even being around an infected person. Casual contact with AIDS/HIV infected persons does not place others at risk. HIV/AIDS can be passed through unprotected sex with an infected person, sharing contaminated needles, from infected mother to baby during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding, and through direct exposure to infected blood or blood
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a new disease in 1981 when increasing numbers of young homosexual men succumbed to unusual opportunistic infections and rare malignancies (Gallant49).During this time, many people were contacting this disease because it was not discovered yet and people did not have knowledge about it.Scientists believe HIV came from a particular kind of chimpanzee in Western Africa. Humans contracted this disease when they hunted and ate infected animals. A first clue came in 1986 when a morphologically similar but antigenically distinct virus was found to cause AIDS in patients in western Africa (Goosby24). During this time, scientists had more evidence to support their claim about this disease. Once discovered this disease was identified as a cause of what has since become one of the most devastating infectious diseases to have emerged in recent history (Goosby101). This disease was deadly because it was similar to the Black Death, it was killing majority of the population. Since its first identification almost three decades ago, the pandemic form of HIV-1 has infected at least 60 million people and caused more than 25 million deaths ...
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which is a virus that attacks the human immune system. Once the body is unable to continue fighting the infection, the disease is more severe and known as AIDS. It usually takes more than 10 years to progress from the HIV virus to AIDS which is a deadly disease that has killed over than 25 million people around the world. HIV can be transmitted between people many different ways. Any kind of unprotected sexual intercourse is a very common way for HIV to be passed on. As well sharing needles, unsterilized tools for tattoos or piercings and exposure in health care settings. HIV can even be passed on to an infant during birth by their infected mother.
First, population plays a large role in every country’s economy. USA’s population is almost 280 million people, whereas, UK’s population is a little less than sixty million people. However, due to the difference in land area of the two countries - UK: 244,820 square kilometers; USA: 9,629,091 square kilometers - the United Kingdom is much more crowded than the United States. Even with these differences the two countries have similar age breakdowns and life expectancies of both males and females. The GDP per capita in the United States is $12,100 more than that of the United Kingdom.
Just as breast cancer is killing our African American women, heart disease is also one of the major diseases killing our women. Heart disease is one of the nation’s leading causes of death in both woman and men. About 600,000 people die of heart disease in the United States (Americas heart disease burden, 2013). Some facts about heart disease are every year about 935,000 Americans have a heart attack. Of these, 610,000 are a first heart attack victim. 325,000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack. Also coronary heart disease alone costs the United States $108.9 billion each year. This total includes the cost of health care services, medications, and loss of productivity. Deaths of heart disease in the United States back in 2008 killed about 24.5% of African Americans.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was once considered a taboo disease that made its appearance in the United States around the late 1970s. Little was known about the virus and it was originally thought to just be found in the gay male community. As more and more research has been done people now understand the virus and realize that it affects men and women as well as all races, ages, and sexual orientation. It is believed that HIV is a mutated form of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) that is found in chimpanzees. It most likely moved to the human population from people hunting monkeys, coming in contact with their blood, and eating their meat (The Origin of HIV/AIDS, 2014).
IMMUNE DEFICIENCY? Catching the AIDS virus can be lethal because it affects the immune system, which is the system in the body that fights against diseases. A person with the AIDS virus has lower levels of CD4+ cells. These cells, commonly called "T-helper" cells are an essential part of the immune system. Normal people usually have between 500 to 1,500 CD4+ cells in a milliliter of blood.
So what exactly does AIDS mean? AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. This basically means that this syndrome is something you acquire after birth and not something that you inherit from your parents. It targets your immune system, which includes all the organs in your body that fight off infection and or disease, and causes it to not function properly ("What Is HIV/AIDS?," 2012). AIDS is a very complex disease that causes many different complications as well as symptoms. Some might not know that AIDS is in fact the final stage of the HIV infection. HIV is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus that can only infect human beings. This is similar to many other viruses like the flu but there is one very important difference. Our bodies for some reason are not able to get rid of this horrible virus and scientist are still trying to figure out why this is ("What Is HIV/AIDS?," 2012). This virus weakens your immune system by destroying cells that are important to fighting disease and infection ("What Is HIV/AIDS?," 2012). These cells are called T cells or CD4 cells. The way it works is that the virus invades the T cells to use them so that the virus can replicate itself and later destroys the cells ("What Is HIV/AIDS?," 2012). Once your body has lost many of these T cells your body can no longer fight infection or diseases and that’s when HIV leads to AIDS ("What Is HIV/AIDS?," 2012). So where did this syndrome and virus originate and how does it come to be you ask? Well scientist believe that HIV in fact may have come from Western Africa by means...
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are generally transmitted through sexual contact, during unprotected sexual intercourse, some are also transmitted from mother to child during antenatal, intranatal and postnatal period and through unsafe blood, blood products, donated organs or tissues and contaminated needles, their consequences are more devastating and prevalent among women than men.1
As American society has evolved in the past 100 years and technology has increased and improved, so has the life expectancy for individuals. Currently, females can expect to live for 81 years on average, while males can expect to live for 75 years, giving an average life expectancy of 78.3 years (Santrock, 2013, p.536). According to Santrock (2013), “since 1900, improvements in medicine, nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle have increased our life expectancy an average of 30 additional years,” but another important factor is the decreasing infant mortality, allowing a larger population of people, including older adults (p.536). Making good choices in diet, regular exercise, avoiding drugs and alcohol, along with getting enough sleep and maintaining a low and healthy stress level can all increase life expectancy. Relationships, emotional well-being, and having purpose all also play an important role in determining how long an individual will live. As people are living longer, more ...
Henry Allingham (6 June 1896 – 18 July 2009), First World War veteran and, for one month, the verified oldest living man in the world, was an anomaly. Supercentenarians themselves are rare, of course, but male ones are particularly so[2]. However, it is not merely amongst the old and frail where women outlive their male counterparts - in fact, it has been noted as a near universal truth, spanning all ages, locations and recent times that when it comes to life expectancy, women have the upper hand. The reasons for the trend have been extensively explored by physicians, epidemiologists, biologists, demographers, actuaries and laymen - but the opinions of these experts greatly differ. As Nathanson (1984) stated:
Introduction: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a disease of the human immune system, which is caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus.
Technology in terms of medicine has also increased the life expectancy of the average person. With new technological advancements in surgeries, medicines and treatments the average life expectancy is still on the increase. A recent study shows that the average life span for 2004 of a United States Citizen is 77.4 years old. This has increased significantly from 1900 where the average lifespan for a male was 48.2 and for the female 51.5. Thanks to technology we can now live longer.