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Othello: A modern perspective
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Othello: A modern perspective
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Through studying Shakespeare’s and Cinthio’s Othello, I explored the concept of ‘The Moor’. ‘The Moor’ is a disrespectful and racist term , often used by white Europeans referring to arabs and blacks, and people of other races with relatively dark skin, such as Othello. During Shakespeare’s time, blacks are considered to be outsiders and are inferior to white people. In Cinthio’s work, it stated that moors are hot-headed as evident in this quote ‘you moors are of so hot a nature that every little trifle moves you to anger and revenge’ which is evident that moors are hot-headed. In scene 1 of the play, Iago told Desdemona father that his daughter was robbed by a thief, Iago uses metaphor to describes Othello as a “black ram”. Desdemona’s father was shocked that his daughter will fall in love with a black man. He believed that Othello must have use some magic to make his daughter fall in love with him; as there is social class difference at that time and it is unimaginable that a white woman will love a black men.
The description of Othello’s appearance by Iago makes him looks inferior to the others. Othello is was described by other characters using stereotypes against moorish people, such as a barbarian with a great sexual appetite, and as a thief who stole the heart of a beautiful white woman by illegitimate means, particularly sorcery. Desdemona father and Roderigo both believed that. This is obviously racial discrimination.
Although Othello and Desdemona are deeply in love at the start as evident in them holding each others’ hands tenderly. Iago can easily manipulate Othello to think that Desdemona has an affair with Cassio. This is due to the fact that Othello does not have enough confidence himself. He is not totally...
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...whelmed by jealousy and rage and murdered his wife. Overall, Othello showed numerous characteristics of a great fighter who at that time is associated with Black people. However, there are parts of the story that show Othello is a learned man and can discuss and argue with others. Even though creating,viewing and reading increased my understanding of ‘The Moor’ concept, creating was the brought me the most understand of ‘The Moor’ concept out of these three medias. Recreating the piece allowed me to further understand the cultural and social aspects of ‘The Moor’ especially when the conceit of our plotline was motivated by the audience imperative. When we wrote the script, we maintained the basic plotline but twisted it a bit through changing setting and the language and the costumes to allow the audience imperative to understand the play and connect to it better.
To begin, race is the first and clearest of differences between Othello and other major characters. However race is also the least seen issue in the play. Racism is, as stated by Martin Okin “confined to Iago, Roderigo, and Brabantio” (Orkin, “Othello: and the”). Emilia herself has her moments of racism, going from using Moor as a describer of Othello to using it as an insult. Brabantio shows this racism when he discovers that Othello has wed his daughter stating:
In the Sixteenth century, as we see clearly from Othello and other works of both Shakespeare and Cinthio's original version of Othello, race was a topic of great debate and discussion. Today, in the twenty-first century the debate retains its controversy and passion. However, attitudes towards race have taken a dramatic turn during the last century. In the developed world people are now living in an increasingly cosmopolitan society would undoubtedly be more tolerant and would reject or even be offended by racial discrimination to any person or sections of the community. Openly 'racist' people today are seen as outcasts. Taking this into account, the way a modern audience would react to race and racism in Othello is dependent upon the way in which that modern audience would interpret 'Othello'. This prompts the questions of what sort of message Shakespeare wanted to send to his audience and was Othello the moor portrayed as a tragic hero or did his character eventually come to resemble the prejudices of which he was a victim. Shakespeare also discusses the issue of race with other characters such as the hateful Iago and the prejudices hidden deep in Barbantio.
As the play progresses, we are shown how the other characters in the play view Othello and Iago. Othello has the negative stereotype of a black Moor: disrespected and hated, except to those who know him and his nobleness. He is referred to as “the Moor” constantly and disrespectfully. “Othello is not addressed by name until the Senate scene, when the Duke, paying tribute to his prowess as a soldier, greets him as ‘valiant Othello’” (Hall 82). Even though Othello is a valiant soldier, whom the Duke acknowledges, there are many characters in the play that choose to see only his skin color. “The audience is constantly reminded that Othello is a black African not only by his physical presence onstage, but also because almost all the other characters in the play, who are white, regard him as different from, and possibly inferior to, themselves” (Hall 82). Though some characters accept the stereotype of “the Moor”, others admire him and are able to look past his blac...
Texts and their appropriations reflect the context and values of their times. Within Shakespeare’s Othello and Geoffrey Sax’s appropriation of Othello, the evolution of the attitudes held by Elizabethan audiences and those held by contemporary audiences can be seen through the context of the female coupled with the context of racism. The role of the female has developed from being submissive and “obedient” in the Elizabethan era to being independent and liberated within the contemporary setting. The racism of the first text is overtly xenophobic and natural, whilst the “moor” is unnatural whereas the updated context portrays Othello’s race as natural and racism as unnatural. Therefore these examples show how Shakespeare’s Othello, and it’s appropriation, Geoffrey sax’s Othello, reflect the context and values of their times.
Most likely, Shakespeare used the race issue to describe his protagonists in order to create controversy and not to suggest racial prejudice. In fact, if there is any racist hint in Othello, successfully countered it by portraying Othello as a noble and eloquent foreigner, worthy of respect of his Venetian employers. In a time when Moors are ridiculed because of their barbaric nature, Othello was a contradiction because he is not barbaric or uncivilized at all. On the other hand, one might point out to Othello’s race as Shakespeare’s leverage for justifying Othello’s aggressiveness towards his wife at the later part of the play. It is quite possible to speculate that Shakespeare consciously made Othello a Moor so he can validate the death of Desdemona from Othello’s hands. As if to say that Othello’s barbaric side emerged when he became jealous of Desdemona. Such assumption, however, would violate the development of Othello’s character. Apparently, his downfall was not of his doing. In fact, one might say that Othello was powerless because he knows nothing about the conspiracy led by Iago to ruin him. Othello’s responses, for instance, are just natural responses to anyone who faces a similar scenario. If given a similar scenario, it is quite likely that an English gentleman would also act similarly out of rage and jealousy. It was, therefore, human nature that motivated Othello from acting
In his production of Othello for BBC television (1981), Jonathan Miller asserted that Othello's race does not greatly impact his downfall in the play. He maintains that while Shakespeare touches upon the issue of race, the cause of Othello's demise lies elsewhere.1 However, the implications of race in the play directly lead to its tragic ending; it is this issue that impels the characters to set the tragedy in motion. Brabantio would never revolt against the union of Othello and Desdemona if it were not for Othello's blackness. Roderigo could never be motivated to pursue Desdemona were it not for his belief that their relationship is unnatural. By far the most significant racism is Othello's own, racism that Iago brings to the surface by playing upon Othello's racial insecurities. Finally, it is racism that serves as Iago's primary cause in his destruction of Othello.
The discussion of race in Shakespeare's Othello has received a great deal of critical attention. Virginia Mason Vaughn, in her book Othello: A Contextual History, surveys this critical history, beginning with Marvin Rosenberg's 1961 book The Masks of Othello (a book documenting the nineteenth-century tendency toward representing Othello as light-skinned), and continuing through to Jack D'Amico's 1991 book The Moor in English Renaissance Drama. According to Vaughan herself, "The effect of Othello depends . . . on the essential fact of the hero's darkness, the visual signifier of his Otherness" (51). Arthur L. Little, Jr., in his article "'An essence that's not seen': The Primal Scene of Racism in Othello," claims that "The three crucial structural elements of Shakespeare's play are Othello's blackness, his marriage to the white Desdemona, and his killing of her" (306, emphasis added) as if there were no other "crucial structural elements." It is not my intention to undercut or undervalue the attention that has been given to the discourse of race, the opposition of black and white, in Othello; however, I contend that an exclusive focus on this discourse radically reduces and simplifies the play, and I wish to focus on a different discourse, a different opposition in the play-the discourse of honesty and whoredom, the opposition of falseness and loyalty.
In Othello, written by William Shakespeare, racism is the main theme and focus. Othello was called several racist names like “the Moor,” “Thick lips” “Old black ram.” Othello struggled a great deal during the play due to his dark skin color. Othello was the only brown sheep in a herd of white sheep. Racist comments were made by many of the characters threw out the story. Iago, Roderigo, and Emilia were the main characters who called him racist names. The racial difference had a tremendous impact on Othello. He was judged by the color of his skin and not his mind set and good judgments. He started to become self-conscious of his skin color. He stated “her name, that
Othello is the one of a succession of tragic masterpieces that Shakespeare wrote in the early years of the 16th century. The race is the important element in the “Othello”. In this play, Othello, the main character was a black Moor and in fact, the image of black, white, light and darkness are most often repeated in the play, Othello. In the play Othello, his blackness makes him an outsider in the eyes of the Venetian society and also in his own eyes; and that is why he doubts himself as a proper match for the white Desdemona. This play is about Othello, the main leader, (Black man) secretly marrying a white woman (Desdemona). In the first scene of the play, Roderigo and Lago begin with Othello racial epithets, not
Rosa Parks once stated, “Racism is still with us. But it is up to us to prepare our children for what they have to meet, and, hopefully, we shall overcome.” Hundreds of years before racism would be blatant, the story of Othello became popular based on the story, “Un Capitano Mor” by a disciple of Boccaccio, first published in 1565. This brilliantly concocted writing surrounds four characters: Othello, a tragic general in the Venetian army; his beloved wife, Desdemona; his devoted lieutenant, Cassio; and his trusted but ultimately unfaithful assistant, Iago. Given its varied and enduring themes of jealousy, betrayal, repentance, love and ultimately racist, Othello describes the life of a tragic hero.
Othello is a black general living in a predominantly Caucasian society in Venice. Othello knows that without his “feats of broil and battle” (I.iii.87) he would not be recognized. Through alliteration of “b” the writer emphasises that Othello uses these accolades of battle to maintain and improve his favorable standing. Othello feels self-conscious and often paranoid without his rank as general. As a result, Iago is able to manipulate him to believe that Desdemona is committing adultery. Iago plans “out of her own goodness make the net/That shall enmesh them all” (II.iii.339-340) by revealing to Othello the notion that a lovely, young woman like Desdemona could never be faithful to old, black man like Othello. Othello’s fear of betrayal stems not from his love for Desdemona, but from his anger at the idea of being a cuckold and damaging the reputation that he has worked so hard to obtain. In act three, Othello in spite decides: “Haply, for I am black” (III.iii.265-267 ) but “I am abused; and my relief/Must be to loathe her” (III.iii.268-270). He believes that true love requires trust, and Othello’s insecurities prevent such an idea from ever being a real life
Shakespeare demonstrates how Othello, ‘the Moor’, is seen as an outsider because of the colour of his skin. In the beginning of Act one scene one Iago, Othello’s flag barrier who failed to be promoted as a lieutenant have a heated conversation with Roderigo -- Iago referred Othello as ‘his Moorship’s ancient’ while arguing that Casio (who managed to be a lieutenant) is just a ‘bookish theoric’ who haven’t been on battle before and only
In Othello, racial stereotypes are thicken up the plot but yet making a problem that requires a solution. The racial comment between Othello and Desdemona is mention in when Iago tells Brabantio that ‘an old black ram/ is tupping your white ewe'. In calling Othello ‘black ram’, Iago relates physically and animality with Othello and blackness. Yet words that come out of Iago makes Othello erotic, foreign or monstrous, But yet he is also human and sympathetic, vulnerable compared to what Iago lied out of his mouth, the reason the target is Othello is because his difference makes him an easy target to use on. But if Othello was white and secretly having sex with Desdemona and Iago knew he wouldn't tell her father because there isn't much to go against Othello, he isn't much different than the
In the play by Shakespeare, Othello, we see a similar distinction between racial identity. Othello being a Black Moor and is seen inhuman to Iago. Othello and Desdemona are deeply in love. Consequently, society did not approve of Othello, being a man of color, to be with Desdemona while was seen as a perfect innocent human being. Iago describes Othello as an "old black ram" that “is tupping your white ewe” (Act 1 scene 1). Iago is referring to a hideous animal, as well as not being a real human. Society is applying stereotypical views onto Othello, although he has done nothing
To recap the play, Othello, who is a Moor, marries Desdemona, who is a young girl from Venice, which creates conflict between Brabantio, the council, Cassio, Rodrigo, and Iago. Igao is angry at Othello for giving his promotion to Cassio, and Rodrigo and Brabantio is angry at Othello for marrying Desdemona. Iago plots a scheme to get back at Othello by using his honesty against him. This idea creates irony throughout the play, because Iago is referred to as “Honest Iago”, and he is far from honest. Dramatic irony often takes place throughout the play, when the audience is told Iago’s multiple plots to get back at Othello, and Othello has no clue that Iago is behind all the manipulation. To accomplish the manipulation, Iago plays on Othello’s jealousy to make him act out a certain way. The theme/ idea racism comes into the play to create more conflict. To accomplish his plan, Iago enrages Brabantio by taunting him that a “black ram” has sullied his daughter. Throughout the play, Othello is referred to as an outsider, a Moor, and the word “black” is used to describe his skin color, which brings the theme of racism to light. Since it is a tragedy, many of the characters die such as Desdemona, because of jealousy, and the play implies that everyone who deserves justice will receive it. The reason why students should read this play even though it explores the