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A critique of orientalism
Orientalism introduction summary
Orientalism introduction summary
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The first step that reached out to the soil of the Middle East by American scholarship on the ground of understanding the enlightenment, realism, and erudition of the Oriental literature, is generally considered to be a reflection of America’s commercial relations with the Orient. It was the beginning of the Orientalism in American readership and ramified into four major theoretical approaches: Old Orientalism (O.P. Kejriwal).New Orientalism (Edward Said).Orientalism (David Canadine. Subaltern Studies (Gyatri Spivak) and Appropriate Model of Orientalism (Raymond Schwab). These models stroke up to scrape the stratum between the Orient and the Occident and this propensity helped them understand each other. This discernment on the part of American scholarship esteemed the art, occult and literary treasures of many Oriental writers very highly. Myriad of American artists and intellectual elite, set sails to the East in search of religious panoramas and mysticism for their canvases. One of the well known American painters was Frederick Church (1826-1900) whose writings revolve around the Oriental objects and ideas which are derivative of the East. His Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives (1870 ) figures landscape paintings, having prototypical of Biblical scenes, spiritual interpretation of nature, amalgamation of "Persian" and Occidental styles. We have another devotee of fine arts of the Orient and, a descriptive writer named Frederick Bridgman, (1847 –1928), an American artist, is known for his paintings of the Oriental themes. Whose prominence is of no question in the field of paintings, he had two studios. “One was decorated in the ancient Egyptian style, the other was filled with palm trees, textiles, some glimpses of traditio...
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...Ed. Seymour Gross and Rosalie. USA: OSU
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Information from the textbook and Hays’s article help illuminate the events depicted and their significance in culture and art of the New Kingdom, and how the style ties into the art of the time.
Frederic Edwin Church was clearly an epic and defining figure among the Hudson River School painters, particularly in his collaborative efforts in developing a sense of national identity for America, but also in fostering tourism through landscape painting, political influence, and entrepreneurialism. By answering the national call for artists and writers to define American landscape, Church took the first steps towards becoming, not only one of America’s greatest painters, but also a successful entrepreneur when it came to selling his own work to make a living. Church was dedicated to preserving “scientific accuracy” in his interpretations of nature and beauty, which were stimulated by the scientific writings of geographer and explorer Alexander von Humboldt.1
Within Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits Marxism is a significant theme and the
The Los Angeles County Museum of Art, or LACMA as it is commonly known, is among the world’s largest art collections in North America, and to be specific enough the most prevalent artwork in the western United States (Compton 165). This massive art museum has a collection of over 100,000 artworks, which extends from the ancient times to present days (Gilbert and Mills 174). These collections, which are mainly from Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin-America and America itself, are grouped into several departments within the museums buildings, depending on the region, culture, media, and time period. This paper analyzes the different genres of art and explains the main features that make the Islamic artworks distinguish themselves as historic masterpieces, by using stylistic and interpretive analysis methods.
The Asian American history is the history of the ethnic and racial groups in the United States who are of Asian descent. Spickard (2007) shows that the "'Asian American' was an idea created in the 1960s to bring together the Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino Americans for a strategic and political purposes.
"The Imaginary Orient", an article by Linda Nochlin, brings up that the apparently photorealistic quality of the paintings allows JL Gérôme to display an improbable scene as though it were a genuine portrayal of the east. Nochlin thinks of it as better a portrayal of the West's colonial ideology.
Orientalism, which became famous as a term after Edward Said’s book written in 1978, explains a power relation between the Orient and the Occident inspiring from the Foucault’s The Archeology of Knowledge and
presence (Tablet I: 30-38). In addition, he emerges more divine than human (Tablet I: 50)
Originally from Japan, Soyen Shaku was the first Zen master to arrive in America. His followers urged him not to come to a nation that was so ill-mannered and uncultivated and that the Japanese were facing extreme discrimination. Shaku’s countrymen Hirai Ryuge Kinzo “offered pointed examples: the barring of a Japanese student from a university on the basis of his race; the exclusion of Japanese children from the San Francisco public schools; the processions of American citizens bearing placards saying ‘Japs Must Go!’” (Eck 185). After several decades, there was a Zen boom of the 1950s and that was how Buddhism affected western culture, especially in regards to entertainment. “‘Zen’ is “the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese character "chan," which is in turn the Chinese translation from the Indian Sanskrit term "dhyana," which means meditation’” (Lin).
Attic style in Greek literature and art was replaced, for a time, by the more decorative and florid Asiatic style. Attic would resurface again, as the ideal, suggesting a more ascetic, brief, and witty concise style. Both styles influenced writers and speakers in Rome, and much later in Britain. Writers like Matthew Arnold made use of an Attic prose style, while the more florid Asiatic style had its proponents as well. In the Roman era, Cicero analyzed these styles and suggested there were several Attic styles and the simple style was not the only one. Cicero became embroiled in the Attic-Asiatic debate; he was said to be an Asiatic writer by those who wanted to discredit him.
Based on the theme of this movie, the travesty of Japanese history in ’47 Ronin’ can be seen as a failure. Whereas the ignorance in cultural differences of clothing and hairstyle between Japan and China is one of the most obvious examples. In the Edo period, the Japanese traditional hairstyle worn by samurai is called Chonmage (topknot haircut). Only men of high rank and status such as nobles and samurai were allowed to have this haircut. Besides, it was considered a disgrace to have the topknot cut off. (Yasuka, 2015). Yet, a hair style for men in the movie all have long hair and did not tie it up which similar to the hairstyle during Hun period in Chinese history. This might imply that the chonmage hairstyle is not well-accepted by European
Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner’s Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Vol 2.13th ed. Boston: Wadsworth/ Cengage Learning, 2010.
Said, Edward. “Orientalism.” Literary Theory: An Anthology. Edited by Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishers Inc. 1998.
The artistic inheritance of the west is strongly identified with Catholic images that were brought upon heavily by the Church’s influence. The eighth and ninth centuries witnessed the growth of a destructive heresy called iconoclasm. Iconoclasm rejected the veneration of images of religious figures, and went as far as to reject the depiction of Christ and the saints in art at all. (115) This idea however, could not take hold, since it ran directly counter to the Catholic understanding of and appreciation for the created world. Woods provides this information to describe the influence and importance of the church in artwork, in which, as I strongly agree, sparked a period that created beautiful paintings, sculptures, stained glass, and illuminated manuscripts; which were major parts during the growth of Western civilization. Theologians referred to Catholic theological in defense of art that depicted Christ, the saints, and the religious scenes that have defined so much of Western artistic life, and broadly, Western Civilization. Woods is describing the influence of the Church, overcoming iconoclasm and having an enormous influence on the arts, which sparked the g...
Western civilization, generally speaking, is extremely egotistical and has the view that Western culture is superior to all others. They believe they are more civilized and more educated than the rest of the world and because of this, stems the idea that it is the duty of Western civilization to take other, less developed societies under their wing. These concepts of supremacy and domination are closely related to Said's ideas of Orientalism. In his book, Orientalism, Edward Said explains in detail exactly what he believes the word Orientalism means. He tries to prove his concepts through the words of statesmen, including Britain's Evelyn Baring Cromer. Cromer's words reflect the concepts introduced by Said.