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Organizational Corruption and Power
There are many challenges organizations encounter in attempting to increase productivity, satisfy consumers, and remain competitive. Successfully navigating organizational challenges will require leadership knowledge and skills, perseverance, integrity, and use of different types of power among others. The latter, use of different forms of power, if not carefully managed hold severe consequences for organizations, especially if it is used wrongfully whereby involvement in corruption occurs. According to Singh (2009), success or failure of an organization, increase or decrease productivity, motivation or demotivation, is a result of its appropriate or inappropriate use of power.
Today, many organizations are publicized on social media for involvement in corruption, with Wells Fargo, a banking institution, being one of the latest. Wells Fargo, opened since 1852, appeared several times in news media for allegations of corruption practices. Egan (2017) reported that Wells
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Raven and French, social psychologists, identified five types of power, coercive, reward, legitimate, referent and expert (as cited in Hellebrand, 2017). As it relates to the corruption practices, coercive and reward power were used by Wells Fargo leaders. Coercive power is generated by leaders using pressure or intimidation to get employees to perform. Gabel (2011) notes that coercive power involves application of undesirable stimuli to get compliance. In an organization, these undesirable stimuli may be demotion, lowered wages and salary, and job separation among others. Kent (2016) reported that Julie Miller, former employee of Wells Fargo was intimidated and terminated for not meeting the targeted sales goals established by the leaders of the organization. Clearly, Wells Fargo leaders used coercive power get employees to
First of all, they will not be able to buy tangible properties such as house, car and etc. because of that their credit ratings got a huge hit. Moreover, only 5,300 of the employees that were fired from the Bank, 10% were Managers. What could have motivated them to engage in this sham? This is not an attempt to imply all were of malicious but certainly most them led the way. The aggressive sales goals pushed employees to break the rules. “On average one percent 1 percent of employees have not done the right thing, and we terminated them. I don’t want them here if they don’t represent the culture of the company,” says John Stumpf, the company’s longtime chief executive, in an interview with The Washington Post. It is obvious that simple employees and managers could not break the law if someone from the top did not allow them to do so. But the executive board of Wells Fargo claimed that they only fired 1 percent of below employees and some managers for fraudulent accounts, however they also might be involved in that business crime although to build a case against a company executive, prosecutors would have to show “they knew there was a plan to create false accounts to drive up sales,” said Brandon L. Garret, a professor at the University of Virginia School of Law. Even if it appears that the executive purposefully attempted to avoid knowing about the fraud, prosecutors may be able to build a case. Because they don’t have to participate if there is willful
One of the most recent white-collar crime involved Wells Fargo, a banking and financial services provider. In 2016 San-Francisco based bank Wells Fargo (WFC) employees secretly created millions of unauthorized bank and credit card accounts without permission of their customers. Opening about 1.5 million fraudulent deposit accounts and submitting 565,443 credit card applications allowed Wells Fargo employees to boost their sales targets and receive bonuses. Consequently, customers were wrongly charged fees for accounts they did not know existed. In this business crime scenario, Wells Fargo involved to pay $185 million in fines and refund $5 million to affected customers. Also, around 5,300
Employees were using the cross-selling which is a concept of attempting to sell multiple products to consumers. This concept led to fraudulent actions, in fact employees were encouraged to order credit cards for pre-approved customers without their consent, and to use their own contact information when filling out requests to prevent customers from discovering the fraud. " The Wells Fargo scandal was far different. Instead of a select few doing bad things, the unethical behavior was widespread at the bank, with thousands of employees engaged in secretly creating new bank and credit-card accounts for customers without their knowledge, resulting in overdraft and other fees." (Kouchaki, 2016). According to the Los Angeles City Attorney, employees were opening and funding accounts without customers' permission or knowledge in order to "satisfy sales goals and earn financial rewards under the bank's incentive-compensation program." This means that the board members of the bank were aware of that it wasn't by the employees' own wills. In fact, they were pressured by aggressive goals and performance which led them to immoral behaviors. Facing this problem, Wells Fargo bank had to take some measures to avoid bankruptcy, losing customers, or loosing brand
Probable Causes of Corruption – Different things motivate different people. Some can motivate people to perform beyond expectations and some can lead astray from moral and ethical values.
Power is the source of all corruption as supported by Dickens’s novel A Tale of Two Cities. The characters Monseigneur, Marquis of Evermonde, and the revolutionaries all become corrupt in the end because of the power they possessed. If they did not possess power, they would not have been able to complete the actions they had planned to. Then, if they’re actions did not occur, the corruption they caused would cease to exist
C. Wright Mills in his article “ The Structure of Power in American Society” writes that when considering the types of power that exist in modern society there are three main types which are authority, manipulation and coercion. Coercion can be seen as the “last resort” of enforcing power. On the other hand, authority is power that is derived from voluntary action and manipulation is power that is derived unbeknownst to the people who are under that power.
The first type of power, reward power, is the potential of an organization or member in a specified role to offer positive incentives for good behavior. In an organization these incentives may include bonuses, vacations, or promotions. The incentives may vary from one member of a role to another.
In this paper I will identify and analyze the Wells Fargo scandal as it pertains to the breakdown of leadership and ethics. I will first identify and analyze the event and discuss the challenges and conflicts the scandal presented. Then I will evaluate the issue by explaining why the issue has interest and concern to stakeholders followed by discussing the challenges presented to individuals and/or organizations around this case. Lastly, I will recommend action steps that should be taken to those involved as well as discuss what I have learned from exploring this topic.
Power is everywhere; in organizations, relationships, businesses, government, education, et cetera. Power is defined as a capacity that X has to persuade the behavior of Y so that Y acts according to X's wishes (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Power is essential because without it, organization and leadership effectiveness is eliminated within the confounds of the given relationship. A dependency is Y's relationship to X when X possesses something that Y requires (Robbins & Judge, 2007). In essence, there are five bases of power: Coercive power, Reward power, Legitimate power, Expert power, and Referent power (Robbins & Judge, 2007). The scenario exemplifies each power and how each is used. The scenario also illustrates the dependency relationship of each power for the parties involved.
During the past year Wells Fargo, a well-recognized bank of the United States, has been trying to clean its name and the mess it got itself into, when it was brought to the public that the bank was involved in generating fraudulent checking and savings accounts for its clients without their knowledge or their authorization. “The way it worked was that employees moved funds from customers' existing accounts into newly-created ones without their knowledge or consent”
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
There are several sources of power, some of them are authority, reward, expertise, and coercion.
Corruption in the business world can be compared to a blood clot in the human body. When someone has a blood clot their flow of blood is not as smooth, it is harder for the blood to flow to the necessary organs. When the blood clot begins to increase and more begin to appear this could be devastating to the body and even potentially result in hospitalization, maybe even death. This is the exact same when looking at the corruption of a business. When there is corruption in a business nothing flows as well, it may be hard to notice at times, but if it is not dealt with fast, it could result in the death of the company.
Power is defined in the course study notes as the “ability of individuals or groups to get what they want despite the opposition”. Power is derived from a variety of sources including knowledge, experience and environmental uncertainties (Denhardt et al, 2001). It is also important to recognize that power is specific to each situation. Individuals or groups that may be entirely powerful in one situation may find themselves with little or no power in another. The county Registrar of Voters, who is my boss, is a perfect example. In running the local elections office, she can exercise the ultimate power. However, in a situation where she attempted to get the county selected for a desirable, statewide pilot project, she was powerless, completely at the mercy of the Secretary of State. Power is difficult to measure and even to recognize, yet it plays a major role in explaining authority. In organizations, power is most likely exercised in situations where “the stakes are high, resources are limited, and goals and processes are unclear” (Denhardt et al, 2001). The absence of power in organizations forces us to rely on soley hierarchical authority.
Montesh, M. (n.d.). Conceptualizing Corruption: Forms, Causes, Types and Consequences. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from