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Literature review of total quality management
Literature review of total quality management
Literature review of total quality management
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Organizational Assessment of Total Quality Management
To adequately measure continuous improvement, organizations must use a set of assessment criteria that completes the following:
(1) Highlight the leader's role in setting organizational direction, goals, and reviewing results.
(2) Reveal the level to which all processes are linked and aligned toward achieving the results required for success.
(3) Ensure strategic plans and action plans are focused on customer and mission performance requirements that must be met for the organization's strategy to succeed.
(4) Consider customer satisfaction and expectations to anticipate requirements and link them as key input to strategic plans.
(5) Examine the collection, analyses, and use of performance metrics information to sustain a fact-based system for improving organizational performance excellence.
(6) Align human resource development efforts with the organization's strategy to maintain a work environment conducive to performance excellence.
(7) Challenge key operational and work process management efforts to achieve flexibility, cost reduction, and cycle time reduction.
(8) Focus on measured results that are linked to the strategic goals of the organization.
(9) Facilitate communication and sharing of best practices information.
(10) Serve as a working tool for understanding and managing performance, planning, and training.
Once completed, the assessment becomes the basis for refinements of the strategic plan and the supporting action plans. Three sectors have been selected and identify the methods of improvement. The US Army has been chosen in the government sector, Resurrection Life Church as a non-profit sector, and Veteran's Administration for the service sector.
The Army Performance Improvement Criteria (APIC) is used to improve upon processes and is based on the Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence, a national quality award for private industry, and the President's Quality Award, a federal quality award. It provides a common framework for all Army organizations to measure how well they are meeting their stated goals and customer needs. It provides a systematic review that indicates the degree to which these processes are linked and aligned toward mission accomplishment and leads to informed management decisions. The APIC helps the manager at higher levels view the linkages between the various functional areas and multiple processes that comprise the organization. This assessment framework can be applied equally no matter which specific management discipline or philosophy is adopted by an organization. According to AR5-1 (March 2002), the application of APIC supports Total Army Quality in three ways:
(1) It provides a systematic, disciplined approach to deal with the dynamics of change by providing a working tool for strategic planning, conducting organizational assessments, analysis, and performance improvement planning.
Specific: It should show a clear outline of what the organisation aims to achieve
It is important to have some information about the organization that the strategic planning will cover. This section of the strategic plan gives a rapid review of the organization in order to understand the circumstances that the organization is performing in.
Once an organization develops a mission statement, the next step in strategic planning is to align the company’s goals. The goals for a business should reflect the vision and mission of an organization, as well as assist in achieving the overall purpose of the company. Establishing organizational goals promotes the business’ mission and specifies the focus in which staff members should implement in day to day operations.
Evaluation and review should be an ongoing process of learning, embedding a process of continual improvement and development. The key to evaluating is knowing what we are measuring. We cannot monitor and evaluate the team’s progress towards agreed objectives without clear advance planning of what we want to do and how it will be achieve. Effective strategic and operational planning, incorporating clear measurable objectives, is therefore an important
Ensure that effective measurements and monitoring mechanisms are in place to determine whether implemented solutions have yielded predicted benefits and to drive continuous process improvement.
Organizational performance results: How the organization performs in all key business areas, including customer satisfaction, financial performance, human resources, partner performance, operational performance, governance and social responsibility. (ASQ, n.d.)
Explain the importance of defining the objectives, scope and success criteria of the decisions to be taken
Performance measures, or quality indicators, are metrics based on objective data that allow one to assess whether a system is achieving an intended goal. A requisite of metrics will need to be established to maintain ongoing efforts to show variable
At its most fundamental core, quality improvement of healthcare services and resources requires disciplined attention to the measurement, monitoring, and reporting of system performance (Drake, Harris, Watson, & Pohlner, 2011; Jones, 2010; Kennedy, Caselli, & Berry, 2011). Research points to performance measurement as a significant factor in enabling strategic planning processes and achievement of performance goals (Tapinos, Dyson & Meadows, 2005). Thus, without a system of measurement that accounts for the performance behaviors of healthcare professionals, managers and administrative employees, quality improvement remains a visionary abstraction (de Waal, 2004).
In order to ensure that my personal goals reflect the goals of the organization the first step is to clearly understand the goals of the organization. Once clearly understood employees should find commonalities between their own goals and organizational goals. Employees should also take help from experienced managers and take their help to align their goals with the organization in case they find a contradiction between their goal and the organizations goal. 2) What strategies could you use to help the team member understand the goals of the organization and the team, and realign their work goals to reflect the organizations plans and
Establishing metrics is crucial to any organization, especially in technology related company projects. Metrics permit organizations to measure its performance against industry sectors to determine how well the company is doing. Furthermore, metrics allow organizations to evaluate and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its processes. Metrics are designated in different categories. The categories identified in this document include output, in-process, and people. (Duris 2003) The organization must first determine exactly what the company is trying to accomplish or determine. Metrics are then identified based on what is relative to the subject matter. Finally, metrics are verified when tracking progress against previous records or a company given standards or goals.
While developing key performance indicators might seem like a challenging task, it is an essential one for a
An organisation’s mission is the back bone of all strategic decisions; the mission will have an influence on all activities performed within the organisation, because if they aren’t achieving their mission an organisation is failing. The long term strategic goals of an organisation should directly aim to achieve their mission and these goals are what performance can be measured off. Without specific goals attempting to measure performance is pointless, and identifying who or what the main focus of these goals is the key to optimisation.
One of the 12 key areas of Performance Management System by Ferera Otley wants to emphasize on the organization’s key performance measures that illustrate which of the organization’s goal have been achieved. Key performance measures are sometimes referred to as key performance indicators (KPI). KPJ believe the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) helped to define critical success factors and measure progress towards major organizational goals. As KPJ venture forth, they have specific goals and priorities in strengthening the KPIs with focus on customer service; prioritizing employee development programs; enhancing policies pertaining to employment practices and people development; and making enhancements to HR-related technology.
TQM is a system of continuous improvement of work processes to enhance the organization’s ability to deliver high-quality products or services in a cost-effective manner [2]. The focus of TQM is to improve customer satisfaction and reduce waste [3]. Customers include ...