Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Organizational theory and behavior
Organization behavior, chapter 7
Organizational theory and behavior
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Organizational theory and behavior
Organisational behaviour is an observed interaction between internal and external individuals to produce success or failure in an organisation. For Example, McDonald’s staff i.e. Counter employees, spend the most time with consumers. Their presence as ‘front of house’ representing the company’s behaviour in the role of ambassador as well as food-server and cashier. Subsequently, if a negative behavioural experience is presented by them such as shouting at, or perceived to verbally abuse a customer in one of the ‘30,000 McDonald’s restaurants’ it could result in a loss of returning customers. This would imply the action of an individual could have devastating impact on the organisation unless its protocols are effective, robust, well defined …show more content…
Frederick Taylor’s case study, ‘Schmidt’ uses an individual who had an ergonomically friendly physique to the machine environment and obeys managerial orders to produce a highly efficient pig iron. Another study supporting organisational behaviour formats a structure to reach success in a large customer demand is Henry Ford’s Model T ,where the need of planning objectives and control situations to ensure individual’s full potential of ‘self-seeking motivation’ on a piece rate creates success. Both studies contribute to the Scientific approach providing evidence of an efficient management proposed to structurally control organisational behaviour to reach success in a …show more content…
A strength to positive attitudes towards employees by T.N.Whitehead is required through consent and attention to produce a happy environment and ensure conspiring of employees is prohibited. Although, McMurray implies reasons of conspiracy to an organisation is the union forming ‘unconscious emotional needs’ to protect jobs and improve pay, (Barittz 1960:175) suggesting negative organisational behaviour experienced by employees can create failure due to unconscious emotions.
A limitation of Human Relations is the concept of unconscious emotion for organisational failure according to Mary Parker Follet because it can be seen hard to grasp when it cannot be measured, unlike the scientific approach where behaviour can be measured through neurotransmitter, suggesting an unreliable concept to whether an organisations failure or success is due to
Langton, Nancy, Stephen Robbins, and Timothy Judge.Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, Controversies, Applications. Fifth Canadian Edition. Toronto: Pearson Canada, 2009. 141, 574-84. Print.
Taylorism is a system that was designed in the late 19th century, not only to maximise managerial control, but to also expand the levels of efficiency throughout workplaces. With this being said, productivity levels increased and fair wage distribution was the main result. However, with other, more recent theories and systems, such as Maslow and Herzburg’s theories, these helped to focus on the satisfaction and motivation of the workers rather than the concern of managerial control and empowerment. Fredrick W. Taylor ended up developing 4 main principles to help increase the work efficiency and productivity in workplaces; these will be discussed later on. Other theories relating to this include, Fayol, Follett, Management Science Theory as well as Organisational-Environmental Theory. All theories listed have an influence on the way businesses work effectively and put their skills to action. This essay will highlight how Taylorism was designed to maximise managerial control and increase productivity, furthermore, showing how more recent theories were developed to focus on empowering employees and to extend the use of organisational resources.
“Management is a process of planning, organisation, command, coordination, and control” (Morgan 2006, p.18). Rational organisation design is a bureaucratic method of management which emphasizes efficiency to achieve the end goal and the management of multiple companies have taken upon this system. Figures such as Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford have both shown and laid a path way for Rational Organisation which has become known as Taylorism and Fordism. The design has received criticism and both Taylor and Ford have been portrayed as villains with Taylor being called “enemy of the working man” (Morgan 2006, p.23) as the system dehumanised workers by taking all of the thought and skill from them and giving it to the managers this is because the tasks given were simple and repetitive. As staff needed little training they became an easily replaceable asset and thus more machine than human.
Obholzer, A., & Roberts, V.Z. (1994). The Unconscious at Work : Individual and Organisational Stress in the Human Services. London: Routledge
An organization’s structure can affect its efficiency and productivity. The two main management theories are the Classic Theory and Theory X. Classical theory is defined as a management theory of a large organization in which management is led by intuition to motivate and control employees (Hamilton, 2008 p. 41). The Classic Theory can be divided into two large subgroups, scientific managers and bureaucratic theorists. Scientific manager’s focus is on reducing production costs while bureaucratic theorists focus is on administrative efficiency (Hamilton, 2008 p. 43). Although Theory X is not a large subgroup of the Classical Theory, it is under the classical theory and its crucial point is that workers are assumed lazy; therefore managers punish them to motivate them. Managers of Theory X believe that the average person; will avoid work because they do not like work, will not strive to achieve objectives, will avoid responsibilit...
Hartel, C. E., Zerbe, W. J., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2005). EMOTIONS INORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
The creation of a strong working psychological contract is dependant on the commitment and effectiveness of the employee within in the organisation. The extent to which their own expectations of what the organization will provide for them and what they owe the organisation in return must match the organisation’s expectations of what it will give and get in return (Schein, 1965).
Since the end of the 19th century, when factory manufacturing became widespread and the size of organisations increased, people have been looking for ways to motivate employees and improve productivity. A need for management ideas arise which lead to classical contributors such as Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol generating management theories such as Taylor’ Scientific Management and Fayol’s Administrative Management. In the late 1920’s and early 1930’s the Hawthorne studies were conducted where Elton Mayo was the predominate figure and contributed to the Behavioural viewpoint. This brought about a Human Relations Movement which included Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y approach. Similarities and differences can be found between the theories due to the relevant time period they were implemented, the motives or goal of the theory and how they view organisations. However the use of contingency theory can help negate the dissimilarities which occur as it allows the relevant elements from each theory to be applied to specific situations.
Knowledge@Wharton. (2007, April 18). Managing emotions in the workplace: Do positive and negative attitudes drive performance?. Retrieved from http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/managing-emotions-in-the-workplace-do-positive-and-negative-attitudes-drive-performance/
A company's understanding and use of organizational behavior concepts can make or break it. Just as important, if a company ignores these same concepts, it can easily spell disaster.
Norman Brinker has become known as an entrepreneur, pioneer, visionary and mentor in the restaurant industry. He has been involved in the industry for over 40 years. In the 1950’s Norman Brinker started his career in restaurants as partner in the Jack-in-the-Box restaurant chain. Here Brinker found a new love for the restaurant business.
Staff behaviors control the performance and capabilities of an organization. Most workers display productive or counterproductive productive behaviors that have effect on workers, clients, and programs. The ability to control these behaviors is a necessary part of delivering exceptional services. Many workers automatically adopt behaviors that fit in with the best interest of the organization. Although these behaviors are common, some employees fail to follow order and create havoc for others around them. Productive behavior allows workers to perform daily functions whereas counterproductive behaviors develop issues that are costly. Good behavior contributes to goals and objectives set by the organization (Britt & Jex, 2008).
J. Richard Hackman, Edward E. Lawler III and Lyman W. Porter Perspectives on Behaviour in Organisations, McGraw Hill 1983
Hawthorne Studies have been subjected to many criticisms. Yet, the evolvement of many of the management theories today would not have come about without the experiments done by Elton Mayo. This essay will cover the various aspects of management that has been refined through the findings of the tests conducted and how improvements were made to aid in the development of organisational behaviour. It will also discuss the various studies and will show how these theories implement Hawthorne studies as the foundation and the basis of the human relations movement. It will also investigate the criticisms that arise within it.
Bibliography Books Brooks, I. (2005) Organisational Behaviour, 3rd Ed, Great Britain, Pearson Education Mullins, L. (2007) Management and Organisational Behaviour, 8th Ed, Great Britain, FT Prentice Hall. Mullins, L. (2006) Essentials of Organisation Behaviour, Great Britain, FT Prentice Hall. E - journals Belbin, M. (2007) Managing through empowerment: