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An Essay On The History Of Old English
According to Algeo 2010 give an account of the old english
An Essay On The History Of Old English
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Old English is the beautiful and complex ancestor of one if the most powerful languages in human history. Its formation from a series of complex and impressive military conquests and cultural growth spurts has given birth to the most widespread language in the world. Born from war, poetry, and knowledge, Old English's intricate grammar, history, and formation has left an undeniably important mark on its modern descendant, Modern English.
The timeline for Old English stretches from its first appearances in the mid-fifth century until the eleventh century when it had been phased out by Middle English and other dialects. One of the unique aspects of the language was its contact with multiple military, ethnic, and political invasions which occurred with nearly every major political entity on Europe. The result was a sponge-like language, quick to adopt ideas and words while still retaining its own cultural identity and flare. The focus of the history of Old English is centered on modern England and the various countries on the British Isles, though a vast and ambiguous territory called Germania and the Viking empires of Scandinavia are also crucial factors. From these regions, the formation of Old English and the relation to Modern English becomes more obvious and explained.
If one had to envision the formation of Old English, it could be described as an arena locked in an endless tournament; Britain was a bloodbath in its early stages of civilization. The history begins with various Celtic tribes inhabiting the British Isles. These tribes were undergoing a constant political mitosis, constantly dividing and fighting amongst each other. However in reality these tribes were ethnically and culturally alike, so historian...
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...nce that would reconstruct the language to the point that scholars recognize the end of Old English with this invasion. It was the Invasion of the Normans, Vikings in Northern France that ultimately brought about Middle English, declaring Old English to be archaic.
Through invasion after invasion, the British Isles experienced influence from across Europe over centuries. Beginning from a cluster of defenseless tribes followed by the iron empire of Rome and the sequence of Germanic invasion, Old English and consequently Modern English are a unique mix of languages, born from bloodshed and intense political blending. Although no single kingdom ever truly conquered the mighty British Isles, the language that emerged from the turbulent times became a monument to the struggles of the land and has certainly etched its achievements in stone for all of humanity to see.
Since it’s been a predominant topic of our discussion, let us talk about the infamous English language. We can be sure that it has painstakingly progressed throughout generations of reevaluation and modernization, and has thus become what it is today. It has gone in several directions to try and mesh with the various epochs of language, from the Shakespearean era to the common English slang we use now, we can all agree that English is a language that has been transcending and will continue to transcend into many
Learning is one of the most important concepts that I hold dear to my heart. In order to advance in life that is something you must be able to do. I have learned many different things from various places, but in this year alone, I have learned a tremendous amount of material in honors English 1301. Not only did my professor, Mrs. Minkel, give me the tools needed to make successful scholarly papers, although it came with some challenges, she also provided her students with the tools needed to be a great student overall.
Linklater, Eric. The Conquest of England. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company Inc., 1966. Print.
Although many students born in the twenty-first century complain about school being very boring, children in the Victorian Era had a much duller education. The teachers were much stricter ( The Victorian School Day 1), the punishments much harsher (Victorian Schools 1), and the classes consisted of mostly copying and reciting (Nick P. 2). In fact, many children didn’t go to school until a law passed in 1880 that made school mandatory (Schools During the Victorian Times 1). During the Victorian Era, more children began to go to school because of school codes and more schools, and teachers taught students a variety of subjects using many different methods.
Literature is the most conclusive way to gauge the past: peoples are laid low, the grandest of monuments will crumble but literature preserves the unblemished mindset of a people long since gone. But even then literature can be lost: their houses are burned or pillaged, their pages decay and language changes. It is often a sad fate that we are left with only a few remaining pieces of a past era, the only works preserved through the ages, those translated and passed down. It is our duty then to decipher these to make out the minds of our ancestors. Such is the condition of British literature. We look at the composite piece and see works such as the Venerable Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731 A.D.), The Dream of Rood (anonymous author, unknown date), Beowulf (ca. 750 A.D.), and The History of the Kings of Britain (ca. 1135-38 A.D.). Now these, of course are only a part of the entirety of early English literature, for an example it will perform masterfully in examining the progression of English religious tendencies.
Sommerville, J. P. "Anglo Saxon England II." History Department, University of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin. Web. 23 Feb. 2011. .
William Butler Yeats stated that, “Supreme are is a traditional statement of certain heroic and religious truths, passed on from age to age….” When he said this, he is most definitely talking about the Anglo-Saxon era and their style of writing. The Anglo-Saxons were very into warriors and heroes and how heir stories are handed down from generation to generation. When these stories were written down, monks wrote them down. The monks then added parts about God and the heavens, and about all the religious facts they could. Thus mixing the warrior and heroic mentality with the religious faith of the Christians.
As its name suggests, Middle English is the language that was spoken in the country of England around the 12th to 15th centuries. Middle English became the prominent language in England near the end of the 11th century shortly after the Norman invasion by William the Conqueror in 1066. Unlike England's preceding language, Old English, Middle English evolved into much more of a written language. There were many writers and educated English scholars who worked to translate Old English texts into the new Middle English language. There were also writers, such as Geoffrey Chaucer, who used the Middle English language to write new works which employed new and creative literary techniques. One such work, The Canterbury Tales, is a work that has been recognized as having an extreme significance on the development of the Middle English language. This work is argued to be the greatest literary contribution to the Middle English language and is credited with popularizing the language among literary scholars. However, despite its historical influence on the Middle English language, the significance of the work is less seen today because of the evolution of Modern English. As a result, it is important to investigate the origins of this work and in so doing, make an effort to realize the overall importance of reading the text in its original Middle English language.
Tharaud, Barry. “Anglo-Saxon Language and Traditions in Beowulf.” In Readings on Beowulf, edited by Stephen P. Thompson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,1998.
It is interesting to see the way that the English languge has grown and changed.
To understand how English became the lingua franca for the world one must begin by understanding the colonization influence of the British Empire, beginning with the Americas in the early 1600’s. Once the language itself had been somewhat established in Great Britain, although not necessarily agreed upon, the next obvious step was to take the language and the culture to new parts of the world and colonize. The British Empire set out to the Americas in two vastly different manners, yet both had major influences on the language of what soon would become America.
It is one of the main languages in the world and it is the international language these days. English language is the language that faced many changes that affects in several things. For example, some changes occur in writing system, phonological system and other changes during many centuries. English language is about four stages: Old English, Middle English, Modern English, and Early Modern English. In each era, there is an affection of other tribe’s languages on English language. As an example, Germanic tribes who moved into Britain and have an impact on Old English language are (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes). In the same way, the effects of the tribes lead to have many changes in vowel system, which calls the Great Vowel Shift .In this paper, I will discuss the Great Vowel Shift and the the process of that huge change.
The settlement of the British Isles by north Europeans followed by Norman French paints the backdrop to this essay which will focus on the period between the early 15th and 17th centuries, when a'standard' English language evolved. It will show that modern-day English is very different to that first introduced to the British Isles, but by identifying changes through time, its continuity can be demonstrated. Finally, it will suggest that present day English is in a position analogous to that which existed before the Norman invasion, when there were many varieties and dialects, and that this may lead to its decline as a global language, due to decreasing intelligibility. The beginnings of English can be found in the occupation of England from the 5th century by north and west German ethnic groups who brought their 'indigenous dialects' (Seargeant, P. 2012, p. 1). The Oxford English Dictionary defines English as 'Of or related to the West Germanic language spoken in England and used in many varieties throughout the world' (Seargeant, P. 2012, p. 7).
The English language arose from the early Anglo Saxon inhabitants in ancient England and spread to Scotland and other European countries via the British Empire and later to the United States through colonial political and economical influences. It later dispersed to other parts of the world through these same influences to become one of the leading languages of the world. It has over the years developed by adopting different dialects to create a language, which is the standard lingual Franca in many countries. The rapid growth of the English language and its adoption by different cultures across the globe is sufficient ground to make it the global language.
Mollin, S., 2006. “English as a Lingua Franca: A New Variety in the New Expanding Circle?”, The Nordic Journal of English Studies 5(2), pp. 41-57. Available from