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Societal gender norms
Women cultural expectations
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Many cultures are very different from one another they often times have different traditions or way of living. In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe he writes about a society during precolonial times in Nigeria, the Ibo. Ibo society has many gender expectations as we follow Okonkwo, the main character, it becomes very evident that both male and female gender expectations play a huge role in their life. In Things Fall Apart gender expectations build burdens such as men held to high standards, women required to be submissive, and men expected to be masculine.
Firstly, in Ibo society men are held to high standards. The main character, Okonkwo, son of Unoka is not pleased with his father's lack of responsibility, laziness, and failure
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Achebe describes a scene where Okonkwo reveals how he feels about a young boy he is taking care of but will not express it openly. The novel states, “Even Okonkwo himself became very fond of the boy- inwardly of course. Okonkwo never showed any emotion openly, unless it be the emotion of anger. To show affection was a sign of weakness,-the only thing worth demonstrating was strength” (Achebe 28). This represents how Okonkwo really feels about the boy but because he is a man he can't express his emotions because he needs to keep his strong image. He does not want other men to think he is not masculine. Another example is found where Achebe describes the killing of the young boy Okonkwo was taking care of which reveals how Okonkwo maintains his image. The novel states, “As the man who had cleared his throat drew up and raised his machete, Okonkwo looked away… he heard Ikemefuna cry my father, they have killed me! as he ran towards him dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought weak ” (Achebe 61). This shows how although Okonkwo was hurt by killing him he had to do it so he would not ruin his image of a masculine man. He did not want the other men to think that he was weak, that would be the worse things that could happen to him as a
Okonkwo is a man of action, he would rather settle things with his strength rather than talk it out with the person he is mad at. This is very unsympathetic because not only is he going to use violence towards others, he is doing it just because he can not get his point across with using his words. This quote shows that he does not care towards others emotions because he would rather just fight them than talk it out. Another quote that shows Okonkwo’s unsympathetic behavior is,“He rules the household with a heavy hand” (Achebe 13). Okonkwo is shown to be someone who disciplines where he sees fit, if he does not like what is going on then there might be a high chance that the heavy hand is going to come down onto you. It shows how unsympathetic Okonkwo is because it shows how he might not care about his family’s feelings towards getting hit when they disobey him. His wives are more often beaten, especially Ekwefi, who has been beaten almost to death because Okonkwo was in a bad mood. It shows that he lets his emotions get the best of him and he does not control them very well, he would rather let it all out violently than talking it out with the people that he is mad at. Those quotes show how Okonkwo can be seen as a very unsympathetic person from his
From birth Okonkwo had wanted his son, Nwoye, to be a great warrior like him. His son instead rebelled and wanted to be nothing like Okonkwo. Okonkwo would not change so that his son would idolize him, as he had wanted since his son's birth. He chose not to acknowledge his son's existence instead. This would weigh heavily on anyone's conscience, yet Okonkwo does not let his relationship with his son affect him in the least bit.
(204) This is a graphic illustration of Okonkwo?s desperate last attempt to reassert his manhood and to make a statement to the tribe. Regrettably for Okonkwo though it was a failure, and Okonkwo knew that the tribe would never stand up and fight, like he wanted them to. This incident is directly related to Okonkwo?s obsession with not looking weak like his father. Some people might say that Okonkwo was just trying to protect the tradition and culture of his tribal village, but in actuality this is far from the truth.
“.If Ezinma had been a boy, I would have been happier. She has the right spirit”(Achebe, 66); Okonkwo kept saying that he wished Ezinma was a “boy” and that she “has the right spirit”, which shows that he likes her but will not show these emotions, this and many other choices Okonkwo makes are due cultural influences. Despite kind feelings, cultural influences betrayed him in the end. “Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him down. He was afraid of being weak”(Achebe, 61); Okonkwo is almost always afraid of being considered weak....
by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo depicts his masculinity in many different ways, even if it hurts the people closest to him. He feels it is necessary to display his manliness so he does not end up like his father Unoka. “He had no patience with unsuccessful men. He had no patience with his father” (4). Okonkwo correlates virility with aggression and feels the only emotion he should show is anger, leaving him no way to cope with the death of his culture.
Okonkwo is “a man of action, a man of war” (7) and a member of high status in the Igbo village. He holds the prominent position of village clansman due to the fact that he had “shown incredible prowess in two intertribal wars” (5). Okonkwo’s hard work had made him a “wealthy farmer” (5) and a recognized individual amongst the nine villages of Umuofia and beyond. Okonkwo’s tragic flaw isn’t that he was afraid of work, but rather his fear of weakness and failure which stems from his father’s, Unoka, unproductive life and disgraceful death. “Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and weakness….It was not external but lay deep within himself. It was the fear of himself, lest he should be found to resemble his father.” Okonkwo’s father was a lazy, carefree man whom had a reputation of being “poor and his wife and children had just barely enough to eat... they swore never to lend him any more money because he never paid back.” (5) Unoka had never taught Okonkwo what was right and wrong, and as a result Okonkwo had to interpret how to be a “good man”. Okonkwo’s self-interpretation leads him to conclude that a “good man” was someone who was the exact opposite of his father and therefore anything that his father did was weak and unnecessary.
In the situation with his youngest wife, Ojiugo, Okonkwo was waiting for her to bring him his dinner, but to have it to never come due to her leaving the house to get her hair plaited. Okonkwo becomes angered because of this, and when she returned he beat her, even though there should be no violence during the Week of Peace. He had other wives at the time who were in the household that could have gotten his meal at the time, but because he was so overwhelmed with anger that she defied him, he resorted to violence. Okonkwo’s anger was not justified, he did not have to beat his Ekwefi or Ojiugo in either of those situations. The only reason he beaten them in the first place was a way for Okonkwo to assert his dominance and show that he should not be opposed of, that he is “strong.” This is a clear example of toxic masculinity being shown through Okonkwo’s action of the traits of domestic violence and the devaluation of women. Although women are generally considered to be the weaker sex in the Ibo culture, they hold an important role in the tribe as
Since the beginning of time, gender has played a big role in how one acts and how one is looked upon in society. From a young age children are taught to be either feminine or masculine. Why is it that gender plays a big role in the characteristics that one beholds? For centuries in many countries it has been installed in individual’s heads that they have to live by certain stereotypes. Women have been taught to be feeble to men and depend on them for social and economical happiness. While men have been taught to be mucho characters that have take care of their homes and be the superior individual to a woman. For the individuals who dare to be different and choose to form their own identity whether man or woman, they are out casted and secluded from their community. These stereotypes that people have been taught to live upon have been a huge burden on women because they are the ones who have been taught to be the inferior individual. Women have struggled to obtain their own identities and become independent, but as time has evolved women have developed and are able to be independent. Surprisingly it is being accepted.
Okonkwo is the son of a man named Unoka, who was known as somewhat of a failure and was not able to repay debt. Unoka preferred music and friendly gatherings to working in the field and was therefore more focused on things as seen as unimportant to the Ibo culture such as playing his flute and drinking palm-wine rather than earning titles and growing yams as an Ibo man should. Okonkwo developed a deep shame and hatred for his father and worked tirelessly to erase him from his memory by attempting to become his opposite by earning
Throughout the novel, Oknonkwo does many things to prove his masculine quality. Many of these things are debatable as to whether they affirm Okonkwo's masculinity or if they bring out his true weakness and lead to his destruction. (Goldman 2)
Okonkwo, the main character of the book, was born the son of Unoka, who was a loafer. Unoka was too lazy to go out and plant crops on new, fertile land, and preferred to stay at home playing his flute, drinking palm wine, and making merry with the neighbors. Because of this, his father never had enough money, and his family went hungry. He borrowed much money in order to maintain this lifestyle. Okonkwo perceived this as an imbalance toward the female side in his father's character: staying at home and not using one's strength to provide for the family is what the women do. In reaction, Okonkwo completely rejected his father, and therefore the feminine side of himself. He became a star wrestler and warrior in his tribe and began providing for his family at a very young age, while at the same time starting new farms and beginning to amass wealth. He is very successful, and soon becomes one of the leaders of his tribe and has many wives and children. His big ambition is to become one of the powerful elders of the tribe, for what could be more manly than that?
Okonkwo’s firm belief regarding how men must behave overemphasizing masculinity and does not allow for self-reflection or change for Okonkwo. It is the fear of looking weak ,or feminine that hastens his own destruction after his return to Umuofia. Okonkwo, upset by the changes by the white people but also “he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia who had so unaccountably become soft like women” (183). The idea of extreme masculinity reveals how much his village and clan have change. He believes that as soon as the men stop acting masculine, they are failures and the clan collapses.
He was afraid of being thought weak.” Okonkwo suffers greatly for what he did though his change in mood. The boy he killed was a boy that lived with him and had become part of his family, but out of fear of being thought of as weak he killed a boy who he now thought of as his son. This took a toll on him mentally and increased his spiral downward. He didn’t eat at first and he was more irritable.
Starting off very early, Okonkwo’s idea of what it is to be a man and his self-worth strongly connected. Unlike his lazy father Unoka, Okonkwo was a heroic and stoic wrestler, funder and defender of his household, possessor of lands, and the companion to more than one woman, going as far as taking another man’s wife. Though he sometimes showed affection for his loved ones, he did not show mild emotion after a machismo slashing of his adopted son’s Ikemefuna’s head. If it was not a display of great violence like beating women and children, or fighting against other cultures, then it was too feminine for Okonkwo to classify with. “Okonkwo ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper… (Chapter 2, pg. 12) Through his examples of what a man should do, have, and be like he considered his biological son, Nwoye as having the weakness of a
Okonkwo sees his father’s gentleness as a feminine trait. He works hard to be as masculine as possible so that he will be the opposite of his father and overcome the shame his father brought to his family. Okonkwo deals with this struggle throughout the entire book, hiding the intense fear of weakness behind a masculine façade (Nnoromele 149). In order to appear masculine, he is often violent. In his desire to be judged by his own worth and not by the worth of his effeminate father, Okonkwo participates in the killing of a boy he sees as a son, even though his friends and other respected tribe members advise him against it. (Hoegberg 71). Even after the killing of Ikamefuna, Okonkwo hides his feelings of sadness because the emotions are feminine to him. He goes so far as to ask himself, “when did you become a shivering old woman” (Achebe 65), while he is inwardly grieving. The dramatic irony of the secret fears that Okonkwo has will open the reader’s eyes to how important gender identity is to him. This theme is also presented among Okonkwo’s children. He sees his oldest son, Nwoye, as feminine because he does not like to work as hard as his father (Stratton 29). When Nwoye eventually joins the Christian church, Okonkwo sees him as even more feminine. On the other hand, Okonkwo’s