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Something that I found interesting when looking through the chapters in the book was the concept of memory gaps and errors. It’s an intriguing thought that people can believe they saw one thing when they actually had not experienced that specific event. The example the book uses is really mind-opening. It describes a tragic event in which a plane lost control and crashed into a building. When people were asked about the event, the researches asked if they had seen the movie where the plane crashes. The majority of the people questioned said they had seen the movie and could remember specific events although this event was never recorded or made into a film. It really made me wonder if I have any recollections of events that I believe happened in one way but that really happened in another way. …show more content…
After the Oklahoma City Bombing happened, a mechanic thought that he recalled seeing a man with Timothy McVeigh at a body shop. This was important because McVeigh got a van from that shop that he used to carry out the crime. It turned out that the mechanic had confused an innocent man he had seen another day with whom he thought was McVeigh. The mechanic had “combined accurate bits of memory from two separate episodes into a single recollection.” This made me wonder how someone could strongly believe that they had witnessed an event with specific details when they actually may be confusing the details for something
In unit six we learned about anthropology and entomology and how forensic scientist use it different cases. Even though entomology was not that useful in The Oklahoma bombing case, anthropology was extremely useful for identifying the victims. Since it was an explosion, Forensic anthropologist had to study different remains of the victim's body and use different techniques (such as examining bone development) to identify who they were. For example, the death toll was originally 169 people (one person higher) than it is now because of an unidentified left leg was found and they couldn’t find the body it originally came from. Later, medical examiners compared the size of the tibia of the leg to other victims right leg. Finally forensic found
The Oklahoma City Bombing was a domestic terrorist bomb attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in April 19, 1995. It was lead by Timothy McVeigh, an Army veteran of the Persian Gulf War. The explosive was a homemade bomb which was built by McVeigh and the help of Terry Nichols; the bomb consisted of a deadly cocktail and was put inside a rented Ryder truck in front of the Murrah Federal Building . McVeigh then proceeded out of the truck and headed towards his getaway car a few blocks away. He then started the detonation of the timed bomb at exactly 9:02 A.M. then the bomb exploded. To the people of Oklahoma it was a traumatizing moment for all, many lost families, dozens of cars were incinerated and more than 300 buildings were destroyed and caused about $652 million worth of damages. The “OKBOMB” affected hundreds of people; it killed “168 people -- 19 of them children -- and injured more than 500.” (CNN.com) Within 90 minutes of the explosion, McVeigh was pulled over 80 miles north of Oklahoma City by a state trooper who noticed McVeigh's missing license plate. He was later arrested for having a concealed weapon. From there, a investigation was held and agents found traces of chemicals on McVeigh’s clothing similar to the ones from the bomb. They learned that McVeigh’s plan was due to the anger over the events at Waco Siege two years earlier. The bombing investigation was one of the most exhaustive in FBI history; “the Bureau had conducted more than 28,000 interviews, followed some 43,000 investigative leads, amassed three-and-a-half tons of evidence, and reviewed nearly a billion pieces of information.” (FBI.com) Oklahoma City bombing was “considered the worst and the largest terrorist act eve...
What caused the intelligence failure of 9/11 and how can this be corrected in the Future?
On April 19, 1995 two former US Soldiers blew up a the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, killing over 150 people. Bill Clinton, President of the United States at that time, wrote a speech where he shared his sympathy for the friends and family of victims and united the country through his use of parallelism, patriotic language, and inclusive wording.
In the ted Talk video, Elizabeth Loftus tells her viewers an interesting fact, not all memory is true. It is a proven fact that the brain sometimes has blanks while recalling a memory. The brain subconsciously makes up a false memory to go in this lost memories place. In the novel The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien, O’Brien tells what the reader thinks are true war stories. While reading the book, the reader soon finds out that this novel is full of false memories. Not only does Tim O’Brien use false memories, but he uses other ways to present the story as well. Tim O’Brien uses the way he portrays his story to explain what he went through and to tell this traumatic story through the story truth and the happening truth.
Sometimes, what we see and remember is not always accurate or real. For instance, Gould talked about a trip that he took to the Devils tower when he was fifteen, he remember that he can see the Devils tower from afar and as he approaches it, it rises and gets bigger. However, about thirty years later, Gould went back to see the Devils tower with his family, he wanted to show them the awesome view of the Devils tower when it rises as they approach closer to it, but when they got there everything was different from what he remembered. Then he found out that the Devils tower that he saw when he was younger wasn’t really...
minds of many and all of America would be listening to his reaction to the
The attacks that occurred on 9/11 took place on September 11th, 2001. In this devastating event, four different attacks had taken place. Each of the attacks were carried out by terrorists. The group responsible for the attack was Al-Qaeda, a militant Islamist organization that is known to be global in present day. The group itself has a network consisting of a Sunni Muslim movement that aims to make global Jihad happen. Furthermore, a stateless, multinational army that is ready to move at any given time. This terrorist group focuses on attacking non-Sunni Muslims, those who are not Muslim, and individuals who the group deems to be kafir. Ever since the late 1980s, Al-Qaeda has been wreaking havoc all around the world. The leader of the group once being Osama bin Laden. Three planes were bound for New York City while another plane headed towards Washington, D.C. which was supposed to take out the U.S. Capitol. Two of the airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center. One plane hitting the North Tower and the other hitting the South Tower. The third plane had crashed into the Pentagon taking out the western side of the building. The last and final plane was focused solely on taking out the U.S. Capitol in Washington D.C. but failed due to passengers of the plane coming hijacking it from the hijackers. The passengers attempted to take out the hijackers but sadly failed, crashing it into a field in Pennsylvania. Throughout the content of this paper, we will be focusing on the role of media when it comes to 9/11; more specifically: how the media's coverage of 9/11 manipulated our feelings towards 9/11, how it affected Islamophobia in America, and the lasting effects of 9/11.
Do you remember the conflict that America had in the Persian Gulf a few years back? An incident occurred there where a man drove a truck loaded with explosives into the building where more than 100 Marines were stationed. He blew up the building, along with the Marines. The incident was published by the AP Press soon after. Now do you remember the bombing just four years ago, in Oklahoma City? Suspects Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols drove a Ryder Van loaded with 4,800 pounds of fertilizer and fuel oil to the front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, where it subsequently exploded, killing 169 people and injuring some 500 others. Of course you do. While both were massive acts of violence involving American citizens, the impact of such acts is always felt the most when it happens right here at home.
On April 19, 1995 the history of Oklahoma was drastically changed. Buildings crumbled, lives were taken, and hearts shattered. Timothy McVeigh’s actions resulted in the destruction of the Alfred P. Murrah building, and the lives of people for many years following the event.
One cannot always accurately reproduce information due to the stages of memory processing that occur after witnessing an event. With each stage, the accuracy of the memory decreases. According to Aronson, Wilson, and Akert (2013), the first stage is acquisition. Acquisition is the process by which people notice only certain information in a particular setting because they cannot perceive everything around them. Also, witnessing a crime often occurs quickly, unexpectedly, under poor viewing conditions, or while focus is on another object, such as a gun. These circumstances significantly decrease the amount of accurate information that the observer will acquire, and the likelihood for accurate reproduction of the event in testimony is lessened (Aronson et al., 2013). According to Fradella (2006), acquisition is dependent upon the same individualized factors that are present in perception and expectations. Expectations impact what information an observer seeks out or avoids, ultimately impacting their overall memory (Fradella, 2006).
In March of 2016, a 7-year-old-girl, Jenna Viloria, dialed 9-1-1 after her dad fell unconscious to the floor. Jenna Viloria, remained calm and was able to provide dispatchers with her complete address and patiently waited for help to arrive, consequently saving her father’s life. 9-1-1 centers, such as the one Jenna called, are responsible for coordinating first responders, this task is an integral part of the Homeland Security mission. In 2013, days after the marathon bombing, a call came into a 9-1-1 center stating that there was a person hiding inside man’s boat that was located outside his home. With a suspect on the loose, 9-1-1 dispatcher informed officers in the area. Two minutes later, law enforcement officers secured the scene, and
Killing 168 people and injuring more than 680, the attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Downtown Oklahoma would remain the biggest act of terrorism before September 11, 2001. The truck bomb explosion took place on April 19, 1995 at 9:02 a.m. Memorials are set up for the lives taken that day, including a field of empty chairs.
There have been several experiments done to try to prove that false memories can indeed be formed. One experiment, for example, was tried with a 14-year-old boy. The boy was told four memories, one of which was falsely constructed but similar to that of a true memory. The memories that were suggested took place when the boy was about 10 years younger. As the false memory was retold to him, he was asked to explain in detail what he had remembered from that event. Surprisingly, he claimed to remember the event, even though it was falsely created by the interviewer and his brother, and went on to explain what he remember to have happened, details and all. After collecting everything he had said about the four memories, he was told that one of the suggested memories was made-up and he was asked to guess which one it may have been. When he couldn’t decide which one it was, he was told that it was in fact the memory of getting lost in a store. He was confused and had trouble believing the truth.
Eyewitnesses of an event, whether it is traumatic or not, can create false memories and insist a specific event happened when in reality, it did not happen. Their memories are vulnerable to an assortment of errors in remembering precise details and their memories can be manipulated, causing a distorted occurrence that on no occasion happened. After reading three research papers on memory blindness with eyewitnesses, it has been proven that eyewitness accounts are not completely accurate and also shows how attributions, choice blindness, and certain circumstances play a role when they are asked to recall the event.