Akutagawa tells the story of a murder (or suicide) of a man through several perspectives in the form of a police investigation. The police interrogate a combination of both witnesses and relatives of those who directly witnessed the murder; a bandit (Tajomaru), the widow (Masago), and the dead man himself (Takehiro). These direct witnesses are also questioned and retell different ways in which they perceived the murder - all of them claim to have murdered the man and in the case of the dead man, he claims to have committed suicide. A variety of elements of this story can be explored by the well-known Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye’s theories. I will be using a few of his theories, including Female archetypal imagery (FAI) and thematic modes, to demonstrate that reality is relative to the perceiver’s point of view.
According to Frye, thematic modes are a way of analyzing the relationship between the poet and their society and audience, in relation to the story (poem) in question. The poet can either speak for a god, to remember history, in behalf of a nation or tribe, in behalf of themselves, and the poet doesn't speak for any of these, the poetry speaks for itself. While, Frye’s Female archetypal imagery (FAI) consists in dividing women in fiction into two main categories, maternal and marital; maternal referring to a woman that is either married or a mother, while marital referring to a single
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One of the major examples that prove this is when Tajomaru calls her “an absolute bodhisattva of a woman” (Akutagawa 13). In Buddhism, bodhisattva refers to a person who is able to reach enlightenment but delays doing so out of compassion to save others, simply put a person that sacrifices themselves for the benefit of others. The moment he first sees her he immediately admire her beauty and perfection, the perfection that as a thief he must
What is otherness? Otherness is defined as “the quality or fact of being different”. We see this term thrown around, but what does it really mean? In the world we live in today, being viewed as “other” is considered a negative aspect of a person's personality. Through the society that impacts how we see ourselves, the thought of otherness has been constructed based off of a person's social identity. In the essay “Between the Sexes, a Great Divide” author Anna Quindlen states that different genders should not define the social aspect of one another. Similarly, in Paul Theroux’s essay titled, “Being a Man” he acknowledges the fact that in the society we live in, “being a man” is a standard stereotype that men should not compare themselves to in order to be considered “manly”. Both authors identify the problem of gender expectations that results from otherness; however, while theroux makes the divide worse by generalizing with a bitter tone, Quindlen invites everyone to “do the dance” despite the discomfort and awkwardness that might occur between both genders.
After this obstacle in her life, Mary must decide whether to return to the husband she despises or follow the man she loves. Wollstonecraft expresses: “one moment she was a heroine, half-determined to bear whatever fate should inflict; the next, her mind would recoil – and tenderness possessed her whole soul” (1788: 46). Provided that Mary must now make important decisions in her life, she demonstrates that she is evolving into an independent woman. She has developed from being a sentimental eighteenth-century woman, which Wollstonecraft portrays in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, to speaking what she believes is true. She now incarnates the type of woman the feminist Wollstonecraft truly wants to characterize in her fiction. In other
The quote of Simone de Beauvoir, “ One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.” is saying that anyone can be a woman and is able to know more about women than a woman. Since we have different beliefs, we shouldn't judge people by the biology terms. Both news article authors are feminists and support of feminism, but they propose different perspectives on the word, woman. I agree with the quote because trans women are increasing in the community and receiving unfairness where also the change of society, cultures have a major effect on ideas and people's preference.
The 1890’s were an era of rapid social change in regards to women’s rights. In 1893, Colorado was the first state granting women the right to vote with Utah and Idaho following soon after in 1896. This soon set momentum towards of ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920. It was in 1899 the Kate Chopin published The Awakening, a novel telling the tale of a suppressed mother, Edna Pontellier, and her desire for something more in her life. Literary scholars consider Chopin’s The Awakening as a subtle yet effective portrayal of women of the late 19th century and consider it as an important piece of the feminism movement. Throughout the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, women had felt controlled by men and the demands society put upon them. Men had held a discriminatory view of women throughout this era, for they merely saw women as property. Women were expected to bear a man’s child, care for the child, and watch over the household while the man was away. The Awakening was an eye-opening novel in that it challenged the social structure of the time in which men dominated society. This novel showed the discriminatory view of women and treatment of women. The novel also does a great job in showing the dissatisfaction in the women’s lives, particularily through the actions of Edna Pontellier. Due to society’s expectations, women were not allowed to pursue their psychological or sexual drives, for it was scorned by society. Edna pursues these drives as she eventually cannot tolerate her way of living. In The Awakening, Chopin’s use of three characters, Edna Pontellier, Adele Ratignolle, and Mademoiselle Reisz, exemplifies the accepted roles of women in the late 19th century.
The first theory to be discussed is structuralism, this theory is composed of many different branches. The branches that this paper will be looking into is archetypes. The definition of of archetype is typical images, characters, narrative designs and themes and other literary phenomena. Archetypes have their own form of criticism that is called archetypal criticism. Archetypal criticism means the generic, recurring and conventional elements in literature that cannot be explained through historical influence or tradition.
In the story “Two Kinds”, the author, Amy Tan, intends to make reader think of the meaning behind the story. She doesn’t speak out as an analyzer to illustrate what is the real problem between her and her mother. Instead, she uses her own point of view as a narrator to state what she has experienced and what she feels in her mind all along the story. She has not judged what is right or wrong based on her opinion. Instead of giving instruction of how to solve a family issue, the author chooses to write a narrative diary containing her true feeling toward events during her childhood, which offers reader not only a clear account, but insight on how the narrator feels frustrated due to failing her mother’s expectations which leads to a large conflict between the narrator and her mother.
The poem “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allen Poe is a beautiful story that outlines events that happened between the speaker and his love. The story paints a mental picture of a love that is so strong that angels become jealous and take Annabel Lee away from the speaker, but even though she is gone, his love for her never ended. The story is full of imagery that leads to the central message of the story, which is love.
Even in today’s society, sexism is still prevalent and inhibits the people who are affected by it. For the purpose of this essay, sexism will be defined as any action that consciously contributes to a gender stereotyping society. In her essay, Marilyn Frye notes this definition of sexism stating that “making decisions on the basis of sex reinforces the patterns that make it relevant” (846). Therefore, any decision that contributes to the gender binary and its framework is considered sexist. The musical Gypsy has instances in which the main character, Rose, can be considered both going against and contributing to the “patterns that make sex relevant.” In one scene, Rose can be seen subjecting her children to gender roles which feeds in to sexism,
What would it be like to witness a murder? How would you react? Franz Kafka forces his readers to consider the concept of innocent bystanders in his short-story A Fratricide. The reader must think about what it means to do nothing when you witness something terrible, and whether that affects the bystander. In Kafka’s A Fratricide, the use of descriptive imagery combined with a cold tone makes the reader feel as if he were there, witnessing the murder just as Pallas is witnessing it, in order to make him question whether those who observe a crime are obligated to try to stop it.
Throughout “The Temple” by Joyce Carol Oates, she uses a lot of literary terms to influence her way of writing. Oates displays a pretty smooth and flowing plot line from the beginning to the end of the short story. Along with the plot, she also displays an inner conflict with the character of the story, uses imagery in describing the environment and how the character is feeling, uses symbolism, and also seems to show an antagonist. Although starting slow, she soon begins the direct the story to what seems to be a comparison to a child birth with the character finding the mysterious bones.
Who cares what people think about my body? For years, these words were almost exclusively uttered by men and self-secure people alike. However, with increasing societal pressures and expectations, abdominal muscles seem to be getting more attention than ever and male models seem to be just as highly coveted as women in the modeling industry. It seems that, the rise in men’s desire for a more masculine, defined body, in conjunction with the women’s desire for a man that has comparable beauty to the men they see in advertisements, come together to create revolutionized shift in the male body image. All these things seem to be true due to the exposure they get from social media. However, this is mere exposure; while in actuality male modeling advertisements has not significantly changed since the 1990s nor has societies view of the male body.
However, it is irresponsible to assert that the narrator “learnt” the misogynist outlook solely from the Brotherhood, but rather, the disdain at the women is deemed as a general societal fashion at the time, because the narrator’s attitude toward women remains constant if we recall his reaction in the “battle royal” scene. Much ink is spilled when the narrator sees the blonde in the ballroom. He “desire to spit on her”; “destroy her” and even “murder her” (Ellison 19). However, if we scrutinize the scene more carefully, it is underlined that the narrator’s feeling is remarkably conflicting. As a matter of fact, the narrator is also “strongly attracted”; he also wants to “caress her” and “love her” (Ellison 19) in the scene. Apparently, the
Controversial events can happen in this unstable and opinionated society at about anytime, and about anything as people with different opinions and views clash in order to get their viewpoint across. These include about racism, gender and political events that have happened. Enid Blyton is a typical example, as she was a very controversial English child writer, whose books have been among the top sellers in the world ever since the 1930’s. Blyton was mainly recognized for her works like ‘The Secret Seven’, ‘The Famous Five’ and ‘Noddy’, just to name a few. However from the 1950’s onwards, these books became challenged by literary critics, teachers and parents as it came to light that these books were hugely controversial. This was due to the
Yukiko tells her experience to ‘I’, who then tells the story to the audience through a third person point of view. Even though the ultimate narrator of the metadiegetic story is ‘I’, it is precisely Yukiko who recollects the past as an active agent and thus has an enormous impact on the way how the characters are described. As a primary narrator of the metadiegetic story, Yukiko is able to interact with the story and her current thoughts are often manifested between lines where she describes particular scenes or feelings of the past. For example, at the point of time when she was just gazing at the quarrel between the brothers, she describes that “her heart was uneasy and disturbed” and thought that “she would not be able to look at them anymore” (83). However, in the very next line, she says “when she [Yukiko] recollected the past, she came to realize that she might have regarded them primarily with jealousy. Yukiko felt attracted by the sweet, sentimental desire that emanated from the abyss of their violent passion for each other” (83). The young Yukiko at the time of the event thought she was disturbed by what she saw from the two brothers. Notice that during this time, she was not only at the bottom of the power structure but was on the verge of losing her female subjectivity. Thus, the homosexual implication of the brothers’ relationship only reassured the fact that there is no place for her heterosexuality to stand up. However, as soon as the old Yukiko intervenes the story, her confession acts to emphasize the transformation of her role from a powerless being, desperate to secure her existence, to an observer who is fully aware of her emotion and the corresponding meaning of
The feeling of not being heard or not being allowed to do what you want is placed upon women in the 1930s. Harper Lee’s depiction of women, in her novel To Kill A Mockingbird, is they should be able to have an important voice in society, make changes they feel are important, and do certain actions without conforming to gender normalities.