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Relationship between comedy and tragedy
The philosopy of sophocles
Relationship between comedy and tragedy
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In “Oedipus the King” Sophocles is trying to convey to his audience that while these exact events might not happen in real life, the way the characters feel and act do happen. Sophocles exaggerates and creates outrageous plot points to entertain his audience while still showing them the harsh realities of life. However, he tends to exaggerate more than stay true to real life so he can entertain. The purpose of his writing is to create a dramatic effect. While not everyone can relate to the struggles Oedipus goes through, like believing they may have killed their father, almost everyone can relate to other feelings Oedipus has. Sophocles makes it so his characters face mundane challenges as well as unnatural obstacles. “Creon, the soul of my
trust, my loyal friend from the start steals against me.” Many people can relate to feeling betrayed, however, Sophocles takes this feeling to a new level when Oedipus threatens to kill Creon. Sophocles took everyday problems and made them more dramatic for entertainment and effect. Many books, movies, and television shows also create unnatural plots and take after “Oedipus the King”. One show that creates this synthetic drama is Sherlock. Sherlock is a show that was originally based off of the books by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. However, as a contemporary version, dramatic events have been added for entertainment value to the show. Just like in “Oedipus the King”, many events happen that most likely would not happen in real life. For example, in Sherlock, Sherlock fakes his death and hides from the people he loves. In “Oedipus the King” Oedipus is accused of marrying and having children with his mother after he killed his father. These stories are told to keep their readers or audiences engaged, but are very unlikely to happen in real life. This writing style is effective for the viewers and readers because it keeps them engaged and helps them imagine a world that is not their own. It allows readers and viewers to escape their own reality; it keeps them paying attention to what is going on in the stories. Writing these types of plots is very effective because it is not predictable and it helps the reader experience something that is not from their own life.
Insuring the portrayal of his theme, Sophocles targets the tension of his tragic play, Oedipus Rex, through the growth of the main character, Oedipus, rather than the mystery. Utilizing literary devices such as dramatic irony, soliloquies, and foreshadowing, Sophocles reveals to the audience the conclusion to the mystery of Oedipus before the hero has solved it himself; forcing the audience’s attention towards character growth of the hero, over the actual development of the mystery.
Oedipus the King conveys many lessons that are relevant to people living today despite the fact that it was written by Sophocles twenty four centuries ago. Oedipus is a child destined to kill his father and marry his mother. During his life, he makes many mistakes trying to avoid his fate. These mistakes teach us about the nature of humans under certain circumstances. Oedipus possesses personality traits which causes him to make wrong decisions. Attributes like arrogance and his inability to make calm decisions in certain scenarios due to his anger causes his downfall. Oedipus’ excessive pride, like many people today, was an important factor that brought him grief. Oedipus’ lack of patience caused him to make hasty decisions which lead him to his greatest agony. Oedipus’ massive ego turned into excessive vanity, this was the first step to his downfall. Oedipus talks to Creon about the murderer of Laius. He declares, “Then I’ll go back and drag that shadowed past to light… but by myself and for myself I’ll break this plague” (Sophocles, 11). Oedipus is saying that he will be the on...
In the plays Oedipus of Rex and Antigone by Sophocles, Oedipus and Creon exert similar characteristics as leaders that ultimately result in their characterization as tragic heroes. Their overbearing determination, relentless pride, uncontrollable fate, and enormous grievances all portray the inevitable outcome. Sophocles writes that the characters in the plays are chasten not because of something they had done in the past but merely it is their fate. Oedipus and Creon can not stop their fate no matter what great lengths they go to. Revealing that catharsis is created when the audience has pity or fear when they see that bad things can happen to good people. For this purpose, neither Oedipus nor Creon where good leaders because both were hypocritical tragic heroes. Initially, both Oedipus and Creon exert an overbearing determination that can be the tragic flaw that destroys their lives. However, both have contrasting motives. Oedipus was determined to find the killer of King Laius saying, "As for the criminal, I pray to God- whether it be a lurking thief, or one of a number- I pray that that man's life be consumed in evil and wretchedness and as for me this curse applies no less…" (World Lit 316). Creon' s motive of determination was not to back down from his word and law. The law was whoever buries Polyneices would be publicly stoned to death, since Polyneices didn't deserve a proper burial for his actions in war. Creon later finds out that Antigone has buried her brother and Creon replies " She has much to learn. The inflexible heart breaks first, the toughest iron cracks first, and the wildest horses bend their neck at the pull of the smallest curb…Breaking the law and boasting of it. Who is the man here she or I, if this cri...
Fate is the power that controls all of mankind. There is no way to escape the events that are predetermined for man; there is no such thing as free will. Every decision one makes is not their own choosing, but rather an inescapable course of actions foreseen and determined by a higher power. Sometimes prophets or oracles can show the Destiny of others, such as the oracle of Delphi who speaks the words of Apollo the God of Light and Sun. This exact oracle revealed the prophecy of a man by the name of Oedipus, he is smart, he is heroic, but more than any trait he is cursed. Oedipus learned that he shall murder his father and one day marry his mother who in turn will give birth to his children. That is exactly what happened: he ran away from his adopted parents, killed his true father and won his mother’s hand in marriage by defeating the Sphinx. But in the end, Oedipus had no idea he ruined his family, and once he saw the truth, he cut out his own eyes and exiled himself from Thebes. Since the beginning of time the Immortals of Greece have anticipated the birth of Oedipus; throughout his entire life: birth, teenage years, and adulthood the Gods have known his Destiny and they forced him to fulfill his painful prophecy.
The great Sophoclean play, Oedipus Rex is an amazing play, and one of the first of its time to accurately portray the common tragic hero. Written in the time of ancient Greece, Sophocles perfected the use of character flaws in Greek drama with Oedipus Rex. Using Oedipus as his tragic hero, Sophocles’ plays forced the audience to experience a catharsis of emotions. Sophocles showed the play-watchers Oedipus’s life in the beginning as a “privileged, exalted [person] who [earned his] high repute and status by…intelligence.” Then, the great playwright reached in and violently pulled out the audience’s most sorrowful emotions, pity and fear, in showing Oedipus’s “crushing fall” from greatness.
Oedipus is living in a dream from which he is only just beginning to awake. In this dream, he not only believes that he is in control of his own fate but that he is in control of his own identity. He assumes that he has three virtues: wisdom, reason, and self-control. When he attempts to use these virtues, however, he discovers that he is mistaken on all three counts. His first mistake is believing that he is wise. From this wisdom he hopes to maintain control over the events around him, but true wisdom is actually surrendering to the fact that control is an illusion, a "seeming." His second mistake is believing that he is a rational man. Indeed, Oedipus has great cognitive powers. He has insight, but this insight is quickly negated when it clashes with his own anger, which ultimately drives Oedipus to fly in the face of reason. His third mistake is believing that he is his own man, self-created. He believes that this makes him completely free, but, in fact, he is deeply tied to his roots. By rejecting his parentage, he attempts to avoid his fate. The chorus claims that no "man on Earth wins more of happiness than a seeming and after that turn[s] away" (Sophocles 64).1 Oedipus turns himself away from happiness because he believes that he is already happy. In his hubris, he becomes the agent of his own destruction. He serves as the paradigm for the self-deluding and self-destructive spirit of the human condition.
Sophocles’ Oedipus is the tragedy of tragedies. An honorable king is deceived and manipulated by the gods to the point of his ruination. In the face of ugly consequences Oedipus pursues the truth for the good of his city, finally exiling himself to restore order. Sophocles establishes emotional attachment between the king and the audience, holding them in captivated sympathy as Oedipus draws near his catastrophic discovery. Oedipus draws the audience into a world between a rock and a hard place, where sacrifice must be made for the greater good.
...ir own storyline of life, a life that already has a written ending and that is destine already to you. By the end of the play the audience is left with two facts, Oedipus fate is destine for downfall, and indeed Oedipus does fulfill his destiny. Nevertheless, the truth of the situation is that the path in which Oedipus’ ultimately takes is what leads him to fulfill the prophecy. If the audience choose to see the play from this prospective, then Oedipus’ the king will become much more significant, by doing so, giving the play a far better interpretation. Although Sophocles never clearly mentions in the play that Oedipus fate is due to his poor choices, the suggestion of the storyline is full with indication that the only person responsible for his own fate is Oedipus himself. Through his play Oedipus the King, Sophocles demonstrates to his audience the outcome of
In Greek tragedy the natural forces are destructive. These forces might be nature, gods or fate. Man is helpless in facing these powers.
Sophocles, a Greek author and philosopher, created a magnificent work of literature, Oedipus Rex. Oedipus Rex describes the legendary tales that King Oedipus of Thebes took in order to confirm that his biological parents were King Polybus of Corinth and his wife Merope. This tragedy of fate explores the depths of modern psychoanalysis as Oedipus unwittingly kills his father and marries his mother in an attempt to avoid the very prophecy he ultimately fulfills. The play was created by Sophocles, an intellectual philosopher that was born in 495 B.C. about a mile northwest of Athens. Sophocles has become one of the most prominent playwrights of the golden age. He was a son of a wealthy merchant, therefore, he enjoyed all the benefits of a thriving Greek empire. As an accomplished actor, Sophocles performed in many of his own plays, such as Oedipus Rex. The famous Sophocles is known as one of the greatest innovators of the theatre. The Theatre of Dionysus is where the greatest playwrights performed their infamous tales, it was a major open-air theatre build in Athens, the theatre was dedicated to the god of wine and fertility, it hosted the City Dionysia festival. The Theatre of Dionysus is where Oedipus Rex is first acknowledged to the world. Oedipus Rex embodies the nature of life and society in ancient Greece.
Oedipus is self-confident, intelligent and strong willed. Ironically these are the very traits which bring about his demise. Sophocles makes liberal use of irony throughout “Oedipus the King”. He creates various situations in which dramatic and verbal irony play key roles in the downfall of Oedipus. Dramatic irony depends on the audience’s knowing something that the character does not and verbal irony is presented when there is a contradiction between what a character says and what they mean. Both of these elements are used effectively to develop the tale of Oedipus.
The balance stricken between fate and free will, in Sophocles’ mind, is portrayed through Oedipus’ fatal flaw, which forces him to his fate, while also defining his free will. His hamartia is visible from the beginning of the play when Oedipus says to his people, “Tell me, and never doubt that I will help you” (Sophocles Prologue. 13). Clearly, he views himself as having a supreme ability to take matters into his own hands and aid the people whom he governs. This extreme desire to aid his people, which is undoubtedly an admirable quality, is coupled with an extreme desire to find answers. This thirst for knowledge is also shown at the beginning of the play through Oedipus’ interactions with Creon, where Oedipus badgers Creon with questions regarding the prophecy, asking “Murder of whom? Surely the god has named him?” (Prologue. 106). These two seemingly noble characteristics, the desire to help his people and the desire to know the truth, end up working against Oedipus, and results in the tragedy of the play. The role of fate in this beginning scene is clearly seen through the prophecy, but at this point in the plot, it is unclear ...
Irony used from beginning to end and with each statement made by Oedipus about finding the killer of Laius. Although the audience is familiar with the story they are fully invested in Oedipus. Because Sophocles uses irony in his play it makes the audience empathize with the protagonist. Oedipus becomes human, a tangible character that experiences the same emotions as everyday people. The thing that makes Oedipus even more human is that he is a victim of a fate assigned to him before he was born. He unknowingly carries out the prophecy destined for him which leads to the discovery that he was abandoned at birth by his biological parents; with this discovery a sense of his identity is taken from him. A character so arrogant normally does not receive empathy from the audience, however, he is still very much an innocent fragile human being punished for his father’s defiance. Sophocles used irony to bring a new twist to a familiar story. The use of irony keeps the audience ahead of the protagonist yet still eagerly awaiting his reaction to the obstacles before him; even though they know his fate the audience wants to see how he deals with his unfortunate
...s you wonder if Jocasta and Oedipus had not run from their fate, what other way Sophocles would have made it happen. Also, just when the characters think they have nothing to worry about, just when they think they avoided their fate, it comes back to bite them. Sophocles makes it interesting in this way. This approach definitely keeps the reader interested because we wonder what other way he will use this writing technique in his play.
Oedipus the King is significant by the fact that it displays its countries changing culture and values. Oedipus the King underlines the fact that fate and character are intertwined and exemplifies that self-knowledge is essential to understanding one’s place in the universe. A person’s behavior is what determines their fate not the God’s intervention. However, Sophocles does have faith in higher power of some sort. He believes even with free wi...