Niobium, an element a confused early past. It was named after the Greek mythological figure of Niobe, Niobe was the daughter of Tantalus. The reason Niobium was given this name was because the element itself had remarkably alike chemical properties to the element Tantalum. However it was formerly named Columbium, this was the element’s common name in America. In comparison, the name of Niobium was more frequency in use in Europe. However, such debate over the name of the element came to an end in 1949 at the Conference of the Union of Chemistry in Amsterdam. The verdict was reached and the name of the element officially became Niobium. Niobium is a metal element. The elemental properties of Niobium are that is a ductile metal, it has a grey color, with a lustrous shine. In 1801, British chemist Charles hatchett discovered Niobium in mineral form. He discovered it when it was sent from Massachusetts to England by John Winthrop in 1734, but forgotten about until Charles Hatchett analyzed it in 1801. He proceeded to give Niobium it’s first name, Columbium. Given that the …show more content…
element Tantalum and Niobium were so alike, in the beginning of the element’s history, there was much confusion. However such confusion was put to rest in 1841, when German scientist Heinrich Rose presented samples of tantalum, niobium and pelopium. The element was first isolated by the Swede, Christian Blomstrand in 1864. The element of Niobium has many different uses, however a majority of all Niobium produced is used in superalloys, making it available to be used in both electronics and superconductors.
Niobium is added to steel in its production. The addition of Niobium when added to steel allows for the metal to harden. This allows for a stronger steel to be used in both pipes and cars. However Niobium also acts as a brilliant superalloy and is commonly used in rocket assemblies, gas turbines, and jet engines. Niobium plays a vital role in the nozzle of rockets. The Apollo rockets are a most notable case, there rocket nozzles were made up of a Niobium alloy known as C-103. However uses of Niobium are also found in superconducting magnets. These magnets are helpful in the medical devices such as MRI scanners. It is also present in particle accelerators. Most notably, the LHC uses 600 tonnes of niobium
strands. Special properties are that it is an excellent material to use in superconducting magnets, as well as superalloys. It also plays a vital role in missiles, jets, spacecraft, pipes and surgical implants. An interesting fact about Niobium is that not only does it have properties that are important for scientific and industrial uses, it is also a popular metal to work with when making jewelry. When Niobium is electrically heated, the heating creates a wide array of colors which proves to be useful to create a diverse array of jewelry differing in color. Niobium occurs naturally as a mineral in the ground as either an ore that is to be mined or in rarer cases it is found in metallic form. The element itself to be isolated is mined and the ore is smelted to creative a pure metal.
The reading for week three focuses on analyzing the information uncovered by Ehrenreich. The purpose of the Evaluation was to highlight key social problems apparent in the field findings of the three cities Ehrenreich visited. In this week’s reading section, the author focuses strongly on her Minneapolis and Portland experiences. The main points Ehrenreich writes about are unionization, wage, and housing costs. Walmart, one focal point of the section, embodies many of the social and economic problems that Nickel and Dimed brings to question. Ehrenreich notices while at Walmart that workers are unaware of the indignities taking place in the workplace. Many employees lack the education, confidence, and opportunities
Lithium (Li), the third element on the periodic table, has a soft texture and a silver-white color. This element has an atomic number of three, and is located on the periodic table in the second period of the first group. In addition to being the first alkali metal on the periodic table, lithium is also the lightest metal; its weight is about 6.941 atomic mass units (AMU). Because it is a metal, lithium is mainly used in ionic bonds. Its common compounds include lithium hydride (LiH), lithium nitride (Li3N), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), and lithium fluoride (LiF). Lithium is the thirty-third most abundant element and makes up a very small portion of the Earth’s crust. However, due to its high reactivity, it does not naturally occur in its pure form.
Strontium was discovered by Adair Crawford, an Irish chemist, in 1790 while studying the mineral witherite (BaCO3). When he mixed witherite with hydrochloric acid (HCl), he did not get the results he expected. He assumed that his sample of witherite was contaminated with an unknown mineral, a mineral he named strontianite (SrCO3). Strontium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808 through the electrolysis of a mixture of strontium chloride (SrCl2) and mercuric oxide (HgO). Strontium reacts vigorously with water and quickly tarnishes in air, so it must be stored out of contact with air and water. Due to its extreme reactivity to air, this element always naturally occurs combined with other elements and compounds. Strontium is very
The first theory to do with the atom was by Democritus and Leucippus who first proposed the idea of the atom as an invisible particle that all matter is made of. However, the first real discovery of an element, besides those like Gold and Silver etc. (which people had been aware of before written history) was phosphorus, which was discovered by Henning Brand in 1649. In 1787, a French chemist called Antoine Lavoisier, made a list of all 33 known elements of the time. Between 1649 and 1869, the Periodic table was added to and in 1869 a total of 63 elements had been discovered. In 1864, John Newlands made a huge advancement in the arranging of these elements, as he was able to sort them in order of atomic weights and was also able to observe similar properties between elements. The creation of the Periodic table, however is considered to be done by Russian scientist Dimitri Mendeleev who proposed a table as a classification system for all of the elements that had been discovered and he even left spaces for elements that had not yet been discovered, but he predicted they would. The Periodic table contin...
Molybdenum is a transition metal. It is represented by the symbol Mo. It is a pure metal that is is silverish white in color and very hard, and has one of the highest melting points of all pure elements at 4753 °F. Its boiling point is 8382 °F. Its density is 10280 kg/m3 and its hardness is 5.5.
The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2)
By adding up to 2%,of carbon it makes the steel tough and strong. Although it’s tough and strong, it is able to bend. To make sure that the metal doesn’t rust, it has a zinc coating on it. Iron is 26 on the periodic table,and considered an “transition metal,” meaning that it is ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. ... “Some other elements that are similar to iron are cobalt and nickel. They are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.” Zinc is 30 on the periodic table and it is also a transition metal like iron. “The first iron used by humans is likely to have come from meteorites.” A meteorite is a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground. More than 90 percent of meteorites are of rock, while the remainder consist wholly or partly of iron and nickel. Meteors are believed to have been from the asteroid belt of Mars and
In 1789, French chemist Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (1743-93) separated 33 substances he considered elements -including light (now know not to exist as an element) and a liquid called ‘Caloric’ (now known not to exist) (Chemical Heritage Foundation, n.d.)- into metals, non-metals and ‘earths’ (Linstead, 2012, p. 115-116).
Potassium is a solid silvery white element. It is soft and can be cut with a knife. Potassium is the least dense known metal, besides lithium. It is the seventh most abundant element. It makes up about 1.5% by weight of the earth's crust. It decomposes in water because of the hydrogen. It usually catches fire during reaction with water.
Lead is a lustrous, silvery metal that tarnishes in the presence of air and becomes a dull bluish gray. Soft and flexible, it has a low melting point (327 °C). Its chemical symbol, Pb, is from plumbum, the Latin word for waterworks, because of lead's extensive use in ancient water pipes. Itsatomic number is 82; its atomic weight is 207.19.
...mpositional control needed and also the reactivity of the titanium. Fatigue failure has been known to occur with nitinol because of the extreme amounts of fatigue strain that it is necessarily exposed to. This is because it is still not completely defined how durable nitinol is, so it cannot be known what to use it for as it is the best of all metals known in this case. So it is used for the highest demanding applications but in some cases it can’t handle the pressure sustained. Another use for nitinol is a temperature control system, which would work by changing shape can activate a variable resistor or switch which would control the temperature, this is a situation where it is very significant for nitinol to be a smart material otherwise this system would simply just not work. There are many others but they are not really relevant to the engineering industry.
In chemistry, metals compose a great number of the periodic table elements. Each metal has its own characteristic mass,
The uses of superconductors are innumerable. They are used in the medical field often, so their use if valuable to common citizens such as yourself and me. Their uses medically include MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) so that doctors do not have to invade the human body for exams, as well as speeding the results of the exams to almost instant information.