Newari Social and Cultural Connections to the Weather and Climate
The Newari people incorporate different aspects of the weather and climate of Kathmandu Valley into their daily lives. One of the most prevalent ways the weather and climate affects their lives is through religious practices and beliefs. The Newari people, who practice Buddhism and Hinduism, are very religious and traditional people, and not a month goes by that there isn't some special festival that is being celebrated by them. Three of these important festivals revolve around the role climate and weather play in the lives of the people. Gunla Dharma, which is celebrated during a month from the middle of August to the middle of September, is a holy Buddhist month. During Gunla Dharma, the people are required to visit a number of monasteries, shrines and other prayer courtyards. This festival takes place during the monsoon season, which would generally be a hindrance to the people, but they are mandated to make these pilgrimages no matter what the weather is and how hard it might be raining. Gathan Mugah is another festival that takes place in August, and is based off of Nepal's monsoon season. Since the farmers are very busy working the fields and tending crops during the rainy season, they often donÕt have the time to clean their homes or even bathe. During Gathan Mugah, which is known as the festival of cleaning, everyone in Kathmandu Valley cleans out their homes from corner to corner, fumigates the houses by burning incense to get rid of insects, does their laundry, bathes, and throws out the old toys of children. The most important festival of the year is also one that deals mainly with the weather and climate of Kathmandu Valley. Yanya Punhi is the festival of Indra, who is the god of rain and heaven. He is worshipped for bearing good weather on Kathmandu Valley and, subsequently, providing a good crop for the people. Each of these festivals is attributed to the weather of Nepal, and is extremely important to the culture of the Newari people.
The Newari peopleÕs adaptation to the weather and climate of Nepal is also obvious in their food and clothing choices.
The Abenaki People of the Northeast led a non-permanent exististance based mostly on the seasonal flux in the region. The area of land now referred to as Maine especially. Maine has always had abrupt seasons and the Abenaki used these seasons to their advantage. Their culture is one of direct appropriation with nature. This meaning that they were a culture in which nothing was permanent. Their survival depended on mobility. The Abenaki did not utilize storage as we do now, or even as the early Europeans of the time did. For each of the four seasons they stayed in areas where they would successfully survive. For instance, the summer months were spent on the coastal regions fishing and foraging while in the winter they pulled back into the interior forests for protection and hunting. However, they did return to the same part of the forests, coasts and waterfalls where their former camps had been.
Unlike the Paleo-Indians, the Archaic Indians lived in large groups which they needed to be stationary for most of the year. This being said, the Archaic Indians had to change their lifestyle. While the Paleo-Indians were known as a hunting and gathering group, the Archaic people were the ones to introduce agriculture. Agriculture was the most important feature of the Archaic tradition. Cultivating their own food required the Archaic people to gain knowledge of their environment; they learned about the seasonal cycles. Another important feature is their subsistence farming and tools. The Archaic people adapted to what their environment provided and made use of everything. In the coastal area of Arica, the Chinchorro adapted to their environment by living mainly on products from the sea. Besides the food provided from farming, the native people hunted animals for their meat, but they didn’t the other parts of the animal to go a waste. They carved the animals’ bones into tools and used their fur for clothes or shelter. These features represent environmental religions because the Archaic people wisely used their environment’s resources; this demonstrated respect to the Earth.
In Ancient India they would always have to deal with the type of weather, especially monso...
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The first tribe listed that used adaptation to survive in the wilderness is the Zuni. The Zuni, or more known as the A;shiwi, live in Zuni, New Mexico where there is not much rainfall with an elevation of approximately 6,800 feet. With the low amount of rainfall, the Zuni created Berm’s, which are raised mounds of earth that collect the water for the plants that they put down. Because of their environment, the Zuni adapted to collect as much rainwater as they can so they can water their crops, stay hydrated, and give it to livestock for meat later. (Document 5)
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Facilitate a discussion in which students discuss what they already know about the seasons. Approximate time: 3 minutes
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