Study Proposal Long-term impact NAS infants have with self-worth compared to non-NAS infants. Hilary Trew Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) occurs when neonates are exposed to drugs in the womb and have to go through withdrawl after birth. NAS has caused infants to remain in the hospital for up to six weeks after birth and accounts for more than 10,000 neonates annually.The purpose of this proposal is to research the long-term impactations Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome has on the neonates from infancy through childhood in regards to self worth versus infants without NAS. Studies have shown that there are cognitive, behavorial, and motor problems, among many others, in patients with NAS, but there is little known about how being born with NAS affects the self worth of these children overtime. Based on this information it is evident that patients born with NAS may have a lower self confidence then those without. …show more content…
Signs of withdrawal in a NAS baby usually begin between 24 and 48 hours of life, but the sigs of withdrawal peak between 34 and 50 hours of life. Symptoms of withdrawal include crying excessively at a notably high pitch, sleepiness, hyperactive reflexes, tremors, increased muscle tone, excoriation, sweating, fever, mottling, nasal stuffiness and flaring, tachypnea, poor feeding, regurgitation, projectile vomiting, and seizures. Withdrawal is managed first nonpharmicologically (reduce external stimuli- dim lighting, quiet, tight swaddling), then with opioids until the baby is stable enough to begin to be tapered off of the opioids. The course of withdrawal can take anywhere between 4-6 weeks. A lot of information was concluded about the behavior and cognitive abilities being at risk in children of NAS than those without. However self esteem was not apparent in the
Two weeks after he was discharged the baby who had received SimplyThick was readmitted, according to Saint Louis (2013) because of a distended abdomen and what seemed to be inconsolable pain. Soon after he was readmitted the baby passed away from NEC. A month after the incident the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A.) issued a statement about SimplyThick stating that it should not be give...
During Erikson’s first developmental stage, Trust versus Mistrust, the child learns whether or not they can trust the world in which they live. As the infant begins to explore their environment they learn what a safe environment is, and this is largely due to the attachment formed with their parent or caregiver (Ashford & LeCroy, 2013, p. 245). Precious reports she did not begin to be physically, emotionally, and sexually abused by her parents until the age of three, so she may have developed some level of trust with her parents during this first developmental stage. However, with Erikson’s second stage of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt, Precious likely began having problems resolving the conflicts presented in Erikson’s theory of development. This stage is typically entered into at the age of 18 months and lasts until around the age of three years. During this stage, primary tasks involve developing a greater sense of self control and independence (Ashford and LeCroy, 2013, p. 304). This is the age when Precious began being abused by her parents, and was therefore likely not able to successfully resolve her tasks. For instance, Precious was not allowed to take control of her body and was forced into acts involuntarily. Her mother also controlled what Precious ate, at times limiting the amount of food available to her and at other times forcing her to
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a growing concern within the United States. This paper discusses what NAS is and the effects it has on the newborn infant. If first discusses the incidence of NAS as regard to maternal age, race, and ethnicity. It explains the types of drugs most commonly associated with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. However, I have excluded alcohol from this paper because it results in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. This paper will then explain the types of physical symptoms associated with NAS for the full-term and premature infant. It discusses the different classes of drugs and the unique symptoms newborns experience with each. Furthermore, it discusses the long-term cognitive and behavioral effects that newborns can experience as they grow. In addition, this paper discusses how Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome is diagnosed and the how the Finnegan neonatal scoring system is used to help physicians determine the severity of NAS in each newborn. Lastly, this paper explains the treatment for NAS and the important roles of the nurse when caring for a newborn with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.
An embryo forms in the uterus of a soon-to-be mother. Already the organism is dependent on its mother and is physically attached to her through the formation of the umbilical cord. After birth, the interactions between the child and its caregivers determine whether this attachment continues on a healthy path or begins to become disturbed. When the latter occurs, children may develop reactive attachment disorder (RAD) Being that this disorder is fairly misdiagnosed and misunderstood, there is not much empirical data as pertains to its etiological bases and epidemiology. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders characterizes RAD has a disorder that occurs when a child has experienced repeated insufficient care. Moreover, children with this disorder really concentrate on attention and attachment that they perceive from the world around them, whether they avoid it (inhibited type) or crave it (disinhibited type). Further research is needed in the years to come in order for RAD to become more recognized and understood.
In the article it discusses the impact that postpartum depression has on the infant. Infants with mother who have postpartum depression get less attention, the mothers tends to speak less to the baby and touch the baby less. The infant tends to no thrust others, reject other and tend to think of themselves as unworthy (Thompson & Fox, 2010).
Klein believed healthy development occurs as a progression through two developmental positions. As discussed previously, the first position is the paranoid-schizoid position. Klein believed during this time the infant is in a state of extreme mental splitting of the external object (predominantly, the mother’s breast) into “good” and “bad” part-objects. At this developmental stage, experiences can only be perceived as all good or all bad (Mitchell & Black, 1995). Klein believed that after the infant’s ego sufficiently develops, he or she will be able to then integrate the bad with the good. This integration makes it possible for the infant to tolerate conflict. Klein felt that the establishment of a good internal object is a prerequisite for the later working through of the depressive position (Klein, 1975). This good object internalization can be augmented by good parenting, which can help “soothe any persecutory anxieties, thereby diminishing paranoid fears of bad objects and strengthening the relationship to good objects.” (Mitchell & Black, 1995, p. 94).
Some of the Morphine withdrawal symptoms include abnormal sleeping patterns, irritability, vomiting, problems gaining weight and uncontrollable shaking. Morphine may also pass from mother to baby through the breast milk.
Some effects of withdrawal are nausea, diarrhea, severe discomfort, vomiting and aches + pains in bones. Some short-term effects include: slowed breathing, drowsiness, hypothermia etc.
It's been found that few educators are formally trained to use gender-specific teaching techniques (Stanberry, Kristin. "Single sex education: the pros and cons").
Many of these programs focus on teaching students that the only way to not get pregnant or get an STI was to completely abstain from sexual intercourse; however, in a study conducted by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, nearly 47 percent of students in 2011 reported that they had engaged in sexual intercourse (Blackman, Scotti, Heller). According to Kate Blackman, Samantha Scotti and Emily Heller, “15 percent of high school students have had sex with four or more partners during their lifetime.”
For my course project I decided to research teen pregnancy, and how sex education in different states affects the teen pregnancy and teen birth rates. With my research I came to believe that abstinence only education is ineffective at preventing pregnancy.
Before learning about early childhood in this class I never realized all the way children at such a young age are developing. From the second part of this course I learned how much children are developing at the early childhood stage. I never realized children learn how about their emotions, having empathy, and self-concept at such a young age. I thought children had it easy. They play with friends, start school, and just be kids. One important thing that stood out to me in this chapter is that children’s self-esteem starts at this stage. According to Berk (2012), “self-esteem is the judgments we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments (p. 366)”. Self-esteem is very important for a child to have and it can
Sexual education in schools has been a hot topic for many years. Many people believe that only abstinence should be taught in schools, but lets get real just because you teach that does not mean teens will follow that. In 2003, nearly one out of five male students reported having multiple sex partners. One-third of young women get pregnant at least once before the age of 20.
In America, a multitude of studies has concluded that abstinence-only sex education is ineffective in comparison to comprehensive sex education. Moreover, proponents of comprehensive sex education claim, “abstinence-only curricula . . . contain false or misleading public health information” (Beh, Diamond, 2006, p.13). However, the main premise of this paper is to explain that abstinence-only sex education is an appropriate approach to minimizing the rate of teen pregnancies and sexual diseases not if abstinence-only sex education “contain false or misleading public health information” (2006). Educational institutions and their focus are
Whatever the choice drug may be, it’s intended purpose remains universal; put the baby or small child to sleep or induce a trance-like, barely conscious state