Name That Word, is an article by Sara J. Hines about, "Using song lyrics to improve the decoding skills of adolescents with learning disabilities" (Hines, 2010). Often times adolescents lack basic word identification skills, and figuring out a motivating instructional approach becomes more and more difficult as students get older (Hines, 2010). Data reported by the National Assessment of Educational Progress, in 2009, found that 63% of 8th grade students who have learning disabilities are not reaching the Basic Level of proficiency (Hines, 2010). Once students enter high school lacking these core reading skills they will be more likely to struggle with coursework, drop out, become unemployed, and struggle with social and emotional …show more content…
challenges as adults (Hines, 2010). As a result of their repeated failure in learning how to read their motivation to learn greatly decreases (Hines, 2010). However, using song lyrics from their favorite songs plays to their interests and often increases their motivation to learn (Hines, 2010). Essentially, the idea is that students will be able to read the printed song lyrics because they already have the words stored in their auditory memories (Hines, 2010). Does using song lyrics as an instructional strategy improve the decoding skills of adolescents with learning disabilities? The researchers hypothesized that using song lyrics does improve the decoding skills of adolescents with learning disabilities as it is relevant to students' interests (Hines, 2010). This article focused on a 14 year old student with learning disabilities named Jaclyn (Hines, 2010). Jaclyn had limited phonics skills, and a limited number of words that she was able to recognize by sight (Hines, 2010). However, she had excellent comprehension skills (Hines, 2010). Jaclyn was resistant to learning how to read and stated that, "… she knew that she would never learn to read and did not really care" (Hines, 2010). In addition to Jaclyn, the article also mentions a couple of other students. Such as May, who had also had limited phonics skills (Hines, 2010). On the other hand, Sam, had great phonics skills, but was not able to recognize words by sight or decode phonetically irregular words (Hines, 2010). Juan, could recognize a good number of words by sight, but had extremely weak phonic decoding skills (Hines, 2010). The article also mentions that this program has been effective with students who struggle with disabilities other than learning disabilities (Hines, 2010). The program has also shown to be effective with adolescents who have motivational and behavioral problems (Hines, 2010). With the case study student, Jaclyn, Hines first got some background knowledge about the student.
While she knew that Jaclyn was resistant to reading instruction, she also knew that Jaclyn had a great interest in music. For that reason, she typed up lyrics to Jaclyn's favorite song in a 20-font print, and asked her to read the words, which she did without any error (Hines, 2010). Hines continued to have Jaclyn read the lyrics as she charted her speed and accuracy (Hines, 2010). After that, Hines highlighted 10 high-frequency words and asked Jaclyn to read them (Hines, 2010). Upon reading a certain high-frequency word, Jaclyn made a flashcard for that word (Hines, 201). These flashcards were used every day, and once Jaclyn identified a specific word automatically five times she put away that flashcard and created a new one (Hines, 2010). Then Hines introduced words that have,"… the same rime pattern as mastered key words from the lyrics" (Hines, 2010). For these rime family words, Jaclyn also created flashcards (Hines, 2010). The words in the rime family were also incorporated into Jaclyn's spelling program (Hines, 2010). Once Jaclyn could read the song fluently, identify the high-frequency words by themselves, and read and spell all of the rime family words, she moved on to another
song. Jaclyn had great success with this particular teaching technique. Although she was resistant to reading instruction in the beginning, one day after she began reading song lyrics she stated that she could read the entire song (Hines, 2010). Which she did with minimal errors, an outcome that is impressive for, "… the song had several verses and numerous very difficult phonetically irregular, multisyllabic words" (Hines, 2010). Clearly her motivation increased, and her resistance to reading instruction disappeared. Her fluency quickly improved, and Jaclyn was able to identify her high-frequency words automatically with 95% accuracy (Hines, 2010). As she went through the program, Jaclyn's confidence and skills greatly improved (Hines, 2010). Eventually, Jaclyn moved on from song lyrics and began reading "easy readers" that are specifically designed for older students (Hines, 2010). Her comprehension was never an issue so Jaclyn became a competent reader (Hines, 2010). The other students mentioned in the article also had tremendous success by going through this program (Hines, 2010). Based on what I have observed from working with children for the past few years and my observations at Faubion and Vernon, as students get older motivation and classroom participation typically decreases. As a future high school English teacher I can definitely see myself using this method of reading instruction with my future students. As previously described, not only is it effective with students who have learning disabilities but it is also effective with students who have other disabilities and those with motivational and behavioral problems (Hines, 2010).
Kay Arthur teaches how to recognize key words and phrases by creating lists, summarizing chapt...
The story I chose for this analysis is “Why, you reckon?” by Langston Hughes. IN this analysis I will be focusing on how the great depression in Harlem had effect on the story, how racism played a part, and how or if the characters were justifyied in their actions. During this time period the intense racial divide combined with the economic harships that plagued the U.S. during the 1923’s makes for an interesting story that makes you think if the charaters were really justified.
The Wilson Language program has a precise structure to function as an intervention and is able to assist second through twelfth grade struggling readers to learn the construction of words by directly instructing students to decode and encode confidently. Natalie Hill, a Wilson Language Program assessor, said, ‘“There is a frequent change of pace, students will see as well as hear, multiple opportunities for students to be engaged and participate in activities, extensive controlled text methods and materials to “see” critical word components, like vowels, digraphs, etc., stop “guessing habit”, reading and spelling taught simultaneously, hands on, multisensory methods, no glossy pictures”’ (Hi...
Lila is a second grade student who participated in a Primary Spelling Inventory and the reflection of her results are as follows. After her spelling inventory was finalized I noted that the student spelled ten of the twenty-six words correctly giving her a power score of 10/26. Most of the words that she mastered was in the Late emergent and early of Letter Name Alphabetic stage. I also noted that Lila accomplished 36 features out of 56 total features during her spelling inventory. Based on the results of the Primary Spelling Inventory the orthographic features that Lila recognizes are the consonants, short vowel, blends, and is familiar with diagraphs. Although she mastered blends which falls in the late Letter Name-Alphabetic stage she failed to master diagraphs which is the middle stage.
Law and Order: SVU (Special Victims Unit) and Bones were the two shows I decided to watch for analyzing content. The reason more than one show was picked was because I wanted a little variety in the information and data I was receiving. Different shows are going to provide different information and provide different data. These two shows covered a wide spectrum of crime shows and would be helpful in providing variety in the data collection process. My topic of choice was gender and how gender roles are portrayed in these television shows. I chose Law and Order: SVU and Bones because they portray two very different versions of crime shows. Law and Order: SVU is a crime show that shows the police side of the crime process. This show deals specifically with the arrest, fact-finding process, and trial process of a crime. It does not deal with the scientific aspect of determining how victims were killed or hurt. Bones in contrast, is not entirely focused on the arrest and trial process but more specifically focuses on the scientific and anthropological aspect of determining facts in a crime scenario. Although the show does have some of the police actions involved, its main focus is on science. In conjunction with this idea, I find these two shows the most enjoyable to watch and was curious about how they portrayed gender roles. The question was whether they would be similar or not.
Domestic violence, the connotation of the two words immediately invokes images in everyone's mind. Two songs will be discussed in this paper, these songs relate directly to the issue. The first song is “A Child Called ‘it’” by Buckcherry, released in 2008 on the Black Butterfly album. The second song is “Im ok” by Christina Aguilera, released in 2002 on the Stripped album. Buckcherry’s song, is based on a true story of a child that was abused by his mother. Similarly, Christina Aguilera’s song talks about her women who is being abused, you can tell this from the beginning of the song when she sings, “my father's fist would put her in her place.” Both of these songs directly talk about domestic violence and
Words their way: Word Study for Phonics, Vocabulary, and Spelling instruction defines spelling inventories as “a list of words specially chosen to represent a variety of spelling features at increasing levels of difficulty” (WTW, 2012). Spelling inventories are designed to help assess a student’s stage and what they know about words (WTW, 2012). There are many different types of spelling inventories. Some of these inventories are The Primary Spelling Inventory, The Elementary Spelling Inventory, and The Upper Level Spelling Inventory. The Primary Spelling Inventory (PSI) consists of a list of 26 words that begin with simple words, and ends with inflectional ending words (WTW, 2012). For example, the Primary Spelling Inventory in Words their
Edward Joseph Snowden is a former CIA technician, Booz Allen Hamilton's former employee, and a former NSA defense contractor. Edward Snowden had leaked a secret of NSA through an interview with Glenn Greenwald from The Guardian which startled the world. In his disclosure, Snowden revealed about NSA that they are mining data works all along and secretly monitoring U.S. citizens' personal information by accessing through different servers.
The Criminal Justice System is made up of several different process law enforcement, judiciary, and corrections this system is where the accused individual are tried and punished for the crime they are charged with. The depiction of criminal justice system in throughout each process (police, courts, and correctional) has become ubiquitous on television today. Shows that give a visual of the arresting and investigation process (law enforcement) are the televisions shows “Cops” and “The First 48 Hours”. The show “Cops” is a television series that follows police officers, constables and sheriff deputies around during their patrol and other policing activity (Cops, n.d). Showing the officer enforcing the laws of the land, apprehend offenders, reducing and prevent crimes, maintain public order, provide emergency and related community services and more” (Schmalleger F., 2014). The “Cops” show conveys the initial stage of the law enforcement. The images or positive (in my opinion) when it comes to showing the actual community services the law enforcers provide. This allow police to become more integrated in to the communities. Reducing the amount of fear toward the particular criminal justice profession. It has change the outlook on policing in the communities and enhances the level of trust from the communities for law enforcement. This allows for a sufficient reduction and prevent crimes when law enforcement and the people of the community come together. “The First 48 Hour” is a show that shows the criminal justice process from the crime, arrest, to the investigation stages in the criminal justice process. This show follows detectives around from the state of their investigation (right after a crime occurs...
Through conducting Connor’s Running record, I learned that he is developing well as a begging reader. I assessed him using a book The Wheels on the Bus that was above his grade level, and the book was considered an instructional level for him based on his 90% accuracy. He is a kindergartener, meaning that he has had little experience reading and has room for improvement, however he is developing into a successful reader. Connor still needs to improve his comprehension due to the fact that he rarely used meaning or structural clues to help decode unknown words. I also learned that Connor is very successful in regards to identifying sight words. Every time that he read a sight word, he seemed confident and enjoyed coming across a word that he knew. Repetition throughout a text is something that works well for Connor’s reading ability, because he is also good at recognizing words that he has already read. Connor is developing fairly quickly for a kindergartener and the Running Record allowed me to assess his strengths and weaknesses to guide further instruction for his continued reading development.
Scarborough. H. S. (1998). Predicting the future achievement of second graders with reading disabilities: Contributions of phonemic awareness, verbal memory, rapid naming, and IQ. Annals of Dyslexia. 48 (1), p115-136.
Learning to read is a complex way of training the brain to understand connections of symbols and meanings to develop a natural way of obtaining information. Phonological awareness is an umbrella term representing phonemic awareness, decoding, comprehension, fluency, and vocabulary. People who are deaf or hard of hearing are missing an important sense used when learning to read. For example, grapheme-phoneme correspondence is a huge factor when learning to read which correlates with print-sound mapping. Without access to the sounds of letters, the majority of Deaf readers are at a third or fourth grade reading level (Nielsen, D. C., & Luetke-Stahlman, B., 2002).
Since the student is a transitional reader, but also an adult who did fairly well on the sight word assessment, I selected a text from a children’s (ages 3 to 12) magazine. In preparation for the story sequence, I reviewed the text for possible unknown vocabulary or visually difficult words. I selected the words “record” (Spanish-grabar) and “headache” (Spanish-dolor de la cabeza). I chose the word “record” because the technology of recording to cassette tapes is out of date and might be unfamiliar to her. Additionally, “record” can be a noun or verb and each is pronounced differently. Then I selected the word “headache” due to the unusual spelling.
If you had that one piece of the puzzle that would have prevented the bombings of the twin towers in New York and the Pentagon on September 11 2001 would you know it? If you saw someone do something weird or suspicious before the attack on September 11 2001, would you have called the police? If someone had walked into a United States Embassy in a foreign country and said that they know someone was going to use a plane to destroy New York in two days, could this have stopped the attack? Intelligence Analysis puts the raw sources of information together, make predictions based on the data, and finally publish the results.
Diane Pedrotty Bryant, J. E. (2001). Iris. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from Secondary Students with Learning Disabilities in Reading" Vocanulary Development: http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/infoBriefs_local/cld/cld_vocabulary