All collective security arrangements have certain rules. States identify each other as fellow citizens within a larger society, they agree to follow a particular set of rules, and they enforce those rules through multilateral action, including the use of force if necessary. Beyond this basic structure, however, many forms of collective security are possible, varying by the substance of the rules, who determines the rules, and how to enforce the rules.
The security rule is the fundamental belief of security arrangements. It establishes a shared understanding about whether security is acquired through military capability or political relationships. This rule is intrinsically connected to the identity and autonomy rules: beliefs about how to achieve security will influence, and be influenced by, both the identity of the international actors and norms of appropriate action toward others.
In order to portrait the necessity of collaboration and security of social communities one must consider the fact that the human, as a social being has developed a series of social structures. This vision details quite readily what has become a major preoccupation with security threats in the world today: challenges to statehood itself, rather than challenges from interstate rivalry are “asymmetric” threats, nuclear proliferation, transnational criminal networks and the environment as a source of threat, as well as global inequality as a threat. It also outlines that the threats to “human security” have become of increasing relevance to the discourse of security.
Humans act according to their own security interests at both community and individual levels, no matter if the relationships are of cooperation or conflict. The individual’s security and that...
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...stem based on the partnership between 12 countries. In 1952, Greece and Turkey joined NATO, West Germany in 1955, Spain in 1982, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland in 1999, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia in 2004, and the last joining members were Albania and Croatia in 2009.
Thus each member country is obliged to assume the risks, responsibilities and benefits of collective security, pledging not to take part in any international accord that would conflict with the terms of the treaty.
In order to express the fundamental security tasks, the goal of NATO is to ensure the security of all members through political and military means, in accordance with the North Atlantic Treaty and the UN Charter principles. So from the start, the alliance has made considerable efforts to establish a just and lasting peaceful order in Europe.
...was not to preserve peace, but to preserve the sovereignty and independence of the states of Europe against potential aggressors. The basic rule was to ally against any state threatening domination. The weaker countries would seek alliance with the other weaker states. They would thus create a balance or counterweight against the state whose ascendancy they feared.
The author doesn’t forget to mention the relationship between USA and NATO. He thinks that Americans welcome NATO as a weapon for America’s affairs, not of the world’s. In his final words, it is suggested that either Europe should invite USA to leave NATO or Europe should expel America from it.
Canada was not just a member of NATO only, but it was also part of NORAD. NORAD is the North American Aerospace Defence Command. It is a USA-Can...
One of EUCOM's primary roles is to strengthen NATO's collective defense and assist its transformation since the fall of the Soviet Union. This is accomplished through building partner capacity to enhance transatlantic security. EUCOM supports American interests in Europe as outlined in the National Security Strategy:
During the Cold War, to protect themselves from the Soviet military threat, the countries of Western Europe and North American formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO, in 1949. Members of NATO agreed that “an attack on one country would be considered an attack on them all. Canada was one of these founding members of NATO. The NATO has now grown to include many more countries. This so-called Canada clause helped ensure that NATO would be more than a defensive military alliance. It would promote friendly relations with other NATO countries. The NATO was Canada’s first peacetime military alliance. At the beginning, the NATO is just like a paper alliance. However, things goanna changed because the start of Korean War. The Korean is a member of NATO. Finally, American sent its troops to Korean and Canada followed. It was a significant impact to Canada’s military. In 1966 France had withdrew of NATO's military structure, although it was still a member of the alliance.
... the need of government to act whenever an issue threatens national security. Mechanisms should be put in place to ascertain the extent of the threat, and the acceptable measures of dealing with it.
Our nation seems as if it is in a constant battle between freedom and safety. Freedom and security are two integral parts that keep our nation running smoothly, yet they are often seen conflicting with one another. “Tragedies such as Pearl Harbor, 9/11 and the Boston Marathon bombings may invoke feelings of patriotism and a call for unity, but the nation also becomes divided, and vulnerable populations become targets,” (Wootton 1). “After each attack a different group or population would become targets. “The attack on Pearl Harbor notoriously lead to Japanese Americans being imprisoned in internment camps, the attacks on 9/11 sparked hate crimes against those who appeared to be Muslim or Middle Eastern,” (Wootton 1). Often times people wind up taking sides, whether it be for personal freedoms or for national security, and as a nation trying to recover from these disasters we should be leaning on each other for support. Due to these past events the government has launched a series of antiterrorist measures – from ethnic profiling to going through your personal e-mail (Begley 1). Although there are times when personal freedoms are sacrificed for the safety of others, under certain circumstances the government could be doing more harm than good.
The individuals within our society have allowed we the people to assess and measure the level of focus and implementation of our justice system to remedy the modern day crime which conflict with the very existence of our social order. Enlightening us to the devices that will further, establish the order of our society, resides in our ability to observe the Individual’s rights for public order.
It is impossible to maintain social order without the existence of law enforcement. The expectation of uniformity is unrealistic among everyone in any given society. The mixing of various nationalities, culture, religion, and especially socioeconomic backgrounds generate conflict. Conflict can only be remedied by a neutral entity. The current trends in the impact law enforcement has on minimizing crime globally and domestically proves law enforcement is necessary. Social order is integral in order to generate an environment free from terror and unpredictable chaos. We have learned from historical events that citizens, of any given society, to police themselves, results in constant violence among parties with incompatibilities in their relations with one another. Roufa, T. (2012)
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was made right after World War II ended. All the while many numbers of Soviet troops remained in Eastern Europe. Governments set up by these forces were pro-communist, are called the Warsaw Pact countries. Besides the USSR, these countries include Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania. Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949. The member nations agreed that an attack on any one of them would be considered an attack against all of them. NATO was another event that triggered Stalin’s power and it was seen as a defensive tactic against USSR which caused tensions to rise.
In order to keep a safe society, it is important to establish a nation with
Wendt, Alexander. “Constructing International Politics.” International Security. Cambridge: President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. 71-81. Print.
The security dilemma literatures suggest that cooperation with the other states could be a best solution to deal with the dilemma, and the states should decide when they need to enforce some strategies, such as enforce arms control and one sided defensive strategy to arms racing (Brown, Lynn-Jones, Miller 1995: 380).
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded in 1949 as a means of collective security for the West to defend against the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, NATO seemed to have lost a main reason for existing. As former Eastern Bloc nations expressed interest in participating in NATO operations or even joining, Russia became steadily uneasy. When evaluating their response to NATO expansion in the 1990’s, did Russia act in an offensive or defensive manner? J.L. Black presents a plethora of primary accounts of the years encompassing NATO expansion to give the reader an idea exactly what the Russian government was thinking at the time. It seems clear that NATO expansion caused Russia to act in a defensive manner in order to protect its own strategic interests. By looking at a history of Russia, Black highlights that the Russians have always faced the problem of being enclosed by the West. This is what caused Russia to reach out to “fringe” nations for collective security support. Black also shows how during the Kosovo Crisis, NATO overstepped their bounds in terms of to what extent they could solve the problem. Lastly, NATO expansion was the cause of increased Russian military spending in the last 1990’s.
Collective security is one type of coalition building strategy whether global or regional in which a group of nations agree not to attack each other and to defend each other against an attack from one of the others, if such an attack is made. The principal is that "an attack against one is an attack against all." It differs from "collective defense" which is a coalition of nations which agree to defend its own group against outside attacks. It can also be described as a system where states attempt with its use to prevent or stop wars. Examples of Collective defense are NATO and the Warsaw Pact .The United Nations (UN) is the best example at an attempt at collective security. Many nations enter into such an agreement in an effort to maintain the status quo and to secure their best interests. Collective security is achieved when states come to an agreement on the need for same. As a result an international organization is formed under the rules of international law. The collective security organization then becomes an arena for diplomacy, balance of power and exercise of soft power. The use of hard power by states, unless legitimized by the Collective Security organization, is considered illegitimate, reprehensible and needing remediation of some kind. This idea of collective security was posited by people such as Immanuel Kant and Woodrow Wilson. There are a few basic assumptions as it relates to collective security, including , In an armed conflict, member nation-states will be able to agree on which nation is the aggressor another basic assumption is that each member state has freedom of action and ability to join in proceedings against the aggressor. Also of great importance is the fact that all member nation-states are e...