Is intelligence a single skill set or a multitude of strengths and abilities? According to Gardner (2008), "An intelligence must also be susceptible to encoding in a symbol system- a culturally contrived system of meaning that captures and conveys important forms of information" (p. 8). The way we as human beings become so successful in our daily lives can be determined in many different ways. People differ in the way their mind works . Many factors influence our capabilities of learning. Howard Gardner is a man who created a theory to help break down the human minds ability to learn. He has become a very successful American developmental psychologist. After graduating in social relations with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965, he received a PHD in social and developmental psychology from Harvard University. In 1983 Howard Gardner authored a book called "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Howard is currently a professor at the Harvard University. Communication is essentially important in our daily lives. Some people are born with the ability to use verbal-linguist intelligence. No matter how people are able to communicate they find a way to address an issue and are successful to get their point across. This can be expressed in many different ways. The ability to take a word and use in the correct context takes great comprehension of its definition and meaning. As a student in any grade level in school, math is an essential part of education that is utilized quite frequently. It could be connected to managing time or counting dollars and cents. The kinds of people who find math to be fascinating and challeging can be classified as someone who possesses mathematical-logical intelligence. One is not bo... ... middle of paper ... ...ere has been too many theories to go in to detail about every single one. Multiple intelligences can give educators a variety of different ways to instruct. Thus, helping to provide students an opportunity to meet their own special needs and increase their proficiency and development. According to Thomas Armstrong "MI theory essentially encompasses what good teachers have always done in their teaching: reaching beyond the text and the blackboard to awaken students' minds" (p. 56). When Howard Gardner developed these theories, he did so in hoping to broaden the word "intelligence". Many professors have been able to use this information to help exceed in their own studies. The mind gives us the ability to exceed beyond expectations. Some people are lucky to be born with one or more of these intelligences, but for others they tend to perfect these traits over time.
Howard Gardner’s theory contains eight main multiple intelligence. As the years have progressed there have taken one out and is left with the main seven. These seven are: Linguistic, Mathematical, Spatial, bodily, Musical, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. These are found in everyone; however, each person will excel in one or two. Once teachers can determine what intelligence the students will exceed on and teach to their strengths the student will learn much more.
The Analysis of the Intelligence of Individuals and Groups Much controversy surrounds the subject of intelligence. Intelligence tests were developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century to assess the intelligence of individuals and groups. However, criticisms quickly arose regarding tests due to results being used to justify discrimination between different groups and cultures. Theorists argued that the tests assess verbal, mathematical, and spatial capabilities, but they do not directly examine other abilities that seem to be inherent parts of intelligence: creativity, social understanding, knowledge of one’s own strengths and weaknesses and so on. This perspective led Howard Gardner to formulate his theory of Multiple Intelligence.
Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.
Since intelligence is usually judged in IQ tests or just tests in school, many individuals are claimed to have average or little intelligence. They struggle in school, trying to learn math, English, reading; but they may excel in other places like sports, music, or relationships. This is where Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences comes into play. He proposed that there are eight forms of intelligence, possibly more. The two that are seen in school often are Logical-Mathematical and Linguistic-Verbal. The people who excel at these are seen as geniuses and are thought to do very well in life. The others that don’t do well in those two may be better at one of the other six.
2. Psychologists do not agree on a single definition for intelligence, but the common similarities in its definitions is that intelligence is the ability to learn from abilities, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. To help learn more about the intelligence test, factor analysis is used. It is the statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items and uses them to identify different dimensions of performance that underlies one's total score. Spearman believed that everything in intelligence is affected by a g factor, which is a general intelligence factor that he believed to underlie specific mental abilities and is measured by every task of an intelligence test. Others believe that intelligence is much more complex and has many specific abilities. This can be most easily noted with people who have savant syndrome. They score low on intelligence tests to the point of mental retardation, but they have one astounding specific skill that makes them seem like a genius. Gardener believed that instead of a single intelligence, people had multiple intelligenc...
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence focuses more on how numerical expressions of human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction of people’s abilities (McFarlane, 2011). He includes and describes eight intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different cultures. The eight intelligences include visual-spatial (e.g. sailor navigating with no navigational systems), verbal-linguistic (e.g. poets, writers, orators, and communicators), bodily-kinesthetic (e.g. dancers, athletes, surgeons, craftspeople), logical-mathematical (e.g. mathematicians and logicians), interpersonal(e.g. salespeople, teachers, clinicians, politicians, and religious leaders), musical (e.g. musicians and
Most researchers believe that we are born with a certain intelligence or potential intelligence. They also believe that the intelligence we are born with is difficult to change. Psychologists use short-answer tests to assess one’s intelligence (Gardner papers). It was believed that intelligence was a single inherited thing. Human beings start out initially as a blank slate and could be trained to learn anything, provided that it was presented in an appropriate way (Multiple Intelligences and Education). Currently an “increasing number of researchers believe the opposite. Gardner defined intelligence as: “the ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in culture; a set ...
“Accepting Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences has several implications for teachers in terms of classroom instruction. The theory states that all seven intelligences are needed to productively function in society.” (Smith). Gardner’s theory supports a value system which “maintains that diverse students can learn and succeed, that learning is exciting, and that hard work by teachers is necessary.” (Smith). Gardner also states, “I want people at the end of their education to understand the world in ways that they couldn't have understood it before their education.” (Brockman, 2). What is lacking though is that there are educator who do not teach towards each child’s needs, they only teach. Every teacher must make sure that they accommodate each learner of learning activity. It may sound like a challenge for all the teachers but the learners learning intelligences come
Some people do best at solving problems in math, while others may do best at writing poems and stories. In Phyllis Adcock’s article he explains a theory created by Howard Garner on Multiple Intelligences. “Howard Garner’s theory that began with seven Multiple Intelligences in the 1980’s has now evolved to eight. Garner suggested that the brain has many capacities for learning that he called Intelligences” (Adcock, 50). Adcock explains Garner’s eight intelligences as Linguistic, Mathematical, Naturalistic, Spatial, Bodily, Musical, Interpersonal and Intrapersonal. To give a brief description of the most common intelligences, Linguistic Intelligence entails a heightened capacity for using words and language, Mathematical Intelligence entails a heightened capacity for numerical or logical patterns, Bodily Intelligence entails a well-developed skill of physical movement, and Musical Intelligence entails an enhanced capacity to recognize rhythm and patterns. This information from the article shows that intelligence really does contain much more, than people realize. It is also clear to see how everyone learns differently, when observing the different career paths chosen by people. A doctor most likely chose the career because he realized that he excelled in science and math. In contrast, a professional athlete may have excelled the most in sports so he decided to continue
I strongly believe that this different kind of multiple intelligences will help teachers’ in teaching and learning where it is a way of understanding the students’ better. A teacher may be capable of identifying on what the students’ actually can do well instead of what they could not do. The eight primary intelligences identified by Gardner (1883, 1999) include linguistic intelligence refers to an individual’s capacity to use language effectively through expression and communication in the written or spoken word such as poets and writers. Next, logical-mathematical intelligence refers to an individual’s ability to recognize relationships and patterns between concepts and things using numbers effectively such mathematician and economists. Then, spatial intelligence refers to the capability to perceiving and altering the visual-spatial world. Besides, spatially intelligent people are able to graphically represent their visual spatial ideas for instance artists and interior designers. Next, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence refers to the capability of using one...
“Students learn in ways that are identifiable distinctive. The broad spectrum of students-and perhaps the society as a whole- would be better served if disciplines could be presented in a number of ways and learning could be assessed through a variety of means” -Howard Gardner. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences was conceived by Howard Gardner in 1983. It states that intelligence comes in not simply the form of mathematics and language arts, but in multiple. Each one covering different topics that show how that beholder is skilled in that subject. Without these different forms of knowledge, many would be considered inferior for not being adept at the common embodiment of intelligence.
Gardner’s theory of MI offers an alternative view of intelligence which has measured intelligence based on the results that would predict success in the current educational system. Furham (2009) sums up Gardner’s definition as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings”. This definition suggests that human intelligence is comprised of more than the predictable success in a western school system. Gardner argues that traditional definitions of intelligence and intelligence testing are too narrow and marginalize people who do not fit traditional education system that focuses on visual–spatial, verbal–linguistic, and logical–mathematical intelligences. He supports this with unique cases of idiots savant, who are people with low IQs but excel in skills in areas not measured through tradition IQ tests (Arnett, 2013). MI theory proposes that individual’s intelligence can be differentiated on eight different modalities:
In 1983, Howard Gardner a Harvard professor proposed the theory that individual can have multiple ways of learning and processing information. The multiple intelligences consist of 9 different ways and these include: verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, existential, musical, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Every individual has a different amount of each intelligence but each intelligence is at a varying level. With the help of a multiple intelligences assessment, I found that my top three multiple intelligences are Intrapersonal, logical, and interpersonal. Within his research Gardner says that “Intrapersonal intelligence refers to people’s ability to recognize and assess those same characteristics
Words are powerful tools of communication and interpersonal skills. Having the ability to communicate effectively is the most important of all life skills. This life skill is most important because it is very essential for building relationships, whether it personal or impersonal; be it verbal or non verbal. It’s a way in which to express ones feelings, thoughts, and
Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, introduced his theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. Multiple intelligence’s is a theory about the brain that says human beings are born with single intelligence that cannot be changed, and is measurable by a psychologist. Gardner believes that there are eight different intelligences in humans. The eight are verbal linguistic, visual spatial, bodily kinesthetic, mathematical logic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist. Understanding these intelligence’s will help us to design our classroom and curriculum in a way that will appeal to all of our students. We might also be able to curve discipline problems by reaching a student in a different way. One that will make more sense to them and more enjoyable. We can include all of the intelligences in lessons to accommodate all of the students’ different learning styles at once. By reaching each students intelligence we can assume that a student will perform better which, could mean students retaining more important information. A students learning style can also help lead them into a more appropriate career direction. As a teacher you can also learn your own personal learning style or intelligence to help improve the way you learn and teach.